初中英语┃同义词组辨析-┃.doc

┃考点辨析 ┃
1. 辨析　some和any
(1) some 和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词。如：some apples, some water
(2)some 一般用于肯定句，any一般用于疑问句和否定句。
(3)当表示请求或要求并希望对方能给出肯定回答时，some 也可用于疑问句；any 表示“任何”之意时，也可用于肯定句。
E.g: Would you like some bananas?
You can read any of the books.
She has some interesting storybooks.
There isn't any juice in the glass.

2. 辨析　 be made of与be made from
二者都是“制造”的意思，但是含义却不同：
(1)be made of指制成品仍可以看出原材料。如：The round table is made of wood.
(2)be made from指制成品经过化学变化，看不出原材料。如：Steel is made from iron.
E.g: 单项选择
(　　)1.[2012·黄冈] —Do you believe that paper is made ________ wood?
—Yes, I do. And you can see that books are made ________ paper.
A．from; from　B．from; of C．of; from D．of; of

3.辨析　 no one 与none/ everyone & every one
no one 与 none 都表示没有。
(1) no one 只表示“人”，通常用来回答who引导的特殊疑问句。如：
—Who has come? —No one/Nobody.
(2)none 既可表示“人”，又可表示“物”，后可接of的短语。用来回答how many/how much引导的特殊疑问句。
—How many apples are there in the basket?
—None.

4.辨析　carry, take与 bring
(1)carry意为“搬运、携带”，没有明确的方向性。
(2)take表示“带走、拿走”，是把某物或某人从说话处带到别处。即动作由近及远。
(3)bring意为“拿来、带来”，是把某人或某物从别处带到说话处。即动作由远及近。
E.g:单项选择
(　　)1.[2011·广东] Tom is so nice that he often helps the old man ________ water.
A．take　　　B．bring 　　　C．carry　　　D．get

5.辨析　 because与because of
(1)because是连词，其后接句子。
I didn't buy it because it was too expensive.
(2)because of是复合介词，其后接名词、代词、动名词、what从句等。 如：
He lost his job because of his age.
He knew she was crying because of what he had said.
E.g:(　　)1.[2012·临沂] The family had to stay at hotel, ________ it was raining hard.
A．because　　　　　　　　 B．although
C．until D．because of

6.辨析　 sometimes, some times, some time 和sometime
(1) sometimes 副词，意为“有时候”，相当于at times, from time to time。 如：
Sometimes, I feel lonely.
(2) some times 意为“几次”。如：
I'm sure that we have met some times before.
(3) some time 表示“一段时间”，常与for连用。如：
Helen plans to stay in France for some time.
(4) sometime 副词，意为“某个时候”。如：
I'll visit my grandpa sometime next week.
E.g:(　　)1.We are going to have a party ________ next week.
A．sometime B．some time
C．sometimes D．some times

7.辨析　lonely与alone
(1)lonely 作形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，主语是人时，突出内心感到孤独、寂寞。侧重于因缺少同伴友谊或亲情而感到孤独、寂寞，含忧郁之意。 如：
He felt very lonely without his friends.
(2)alone 作形容词，充当表语，只是陈述一个事实，表示“独自的；单独的”，侧重于独自一人，显得孤立无援。alone只作表语不作定语。如：
He was alone in the room.
(　　)1.[2012·安顺] His grandparents live ________ in a small house, but they don' t feel ________.
A．lonely; alone B．alone; lonely
C．lonely; lonely D．alone; alone

8.辨析　living, live, alive与lively
(1) living意为“活着”，强调说明“尚在人间，健在”，可用来指人或物，作定语或表语。
(2) live作动词，意为“居住，生活”；作形容词，意为“活着的，实况转播的”，通常指物，不指人，常用来作定语放在名词的前面。
(3) alive意为“活着”，侧重说明生与死之间的界限，既可指人，也可指物；可用来作表语，后置定语或宾补。
(4) lively意为“活泼的，充满生气的”，可作定语、表语或宾补，既可指人，又可指物。

9.辨析　sound, noise 与 voice
三者均可表示“声音”，区别如下：
(1) sound可以指自然界的一切声音。还可以作系动词，意为“听起来”。如：
Light travels much faster than sound.
Your idea sounds reasonable.
(2) noise主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音。如：Stop making so much noise.
(3) voice一般指人的说话声、歌唱声。如：Many people like Deng Li Jun's sweet voice.
E.g:(　　)1.[2011·德阳] Stop making so much ________. The children are sleeping.
A．voice B．noise
C．sound D．hearing

10.辨析　 used to do sth., be used to doing sth. 与 be used to do sth.
(1) used to do sth. 表示“过去常常……”。如：
I used to go swimming on Sundays.
(2)be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词；还可用get used to表示“渐渐习惯于……”。如：
Is she used to walking after supper?
(3)be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。如：
This computer is used to control all the machines.
E.g: Jack ________ dislike the weather in Beijing in spring, because there is so much wind and sand. But now he ________ it.
A．is used to; used to B．used to; is used to
C．was used to; is used to D．used to; uses to

11.辨析　have gone to, have been to与have been in
(1)have/has gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场。如：Jack Johnson has gone to London.
(2) have/has been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。如：I have just been to the post office.
(3) have/has been in 表示“在某地待多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：since, for, how long 等。如：Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
[注意] 当后面接的是地点副词（here/ there/ home）等时，介词去掉。
e.g: I have been there 3 times.

12.辨析　find 与find out
(1)find 意为“发现，找到”， 强调找的结果，其后可以接名词、复合结构或that从句。如：
Have you found the book you left on the bus?
(2)find out 意为“找出，查明”， 指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相；通过调查找出原因，或发现秘密、错误等，其后一般接名词、代词或从句。 如：
Have you found out why he was late?
E.g: Could you ________ when the train will leave?
A．find B．find out
C．look at D．look for

13.辨析　 happen与take place
(1)happen是“发生，偶然发生”的意思，happen to意为“凑巧”。 句型It happened that…表示“可能，凑巧，偶然”。如：
The car accident happened at midnight.
It happened that you like it.
(2)take place意为“举行，发生”，表示有意识的行为，按计划发生。如：
When will the wedding take place?
E.g: Great changes ________ in Tong ren in the past five years.
A．have happened B．have taken place
C．have been happened D．have been taken place

14.辨析　so…that…与such…that…
(1)so ＋ adj. ＋ that…意为“如此……以至于……”，so 后接形容词或副词。如：
The student is so good that we all like him.
(2)such ＋ n．(名词短语) ＋ that…意为“如此……以至于……”，such后接名词或名词短语。如：It is such a difficult question that we can't work it out.
E.g:The First Huaguoshan International Golf Open was ________ success that we enjoyed ourselves very much.
A．such a great B．a such great
C．so a great D．a so great
辨析　so that 与so…that
(1) so that引导目的状语从句时，意为“以便；为了”，从句中常使用can, could, may, will等情态动词和助动词。如：He hurried to the station so that he could catch the early bus.
(2) so that引导结果状语从句时，意为“因此；所以”，从句中一般不用can, may等情态动词。如：He hurried to the station so that he caught the early bus.
(4)so many/much/little/few ＋that引导的从句。如：
There are so many people in the hall that I can‘t breathe fresh air.
(5) so ＋形容词＋冠词＋名词＋that引导的从句。如：
It was so good an exhibition that I went to see it several times.
E.g: You'd better take the map with you ________ you won't get lost.
A．as long as B．as soon as
C．now that D．so that

15.辨析　join 与take part in
(1) join表示“参加；加入”，着重从旁观者或外人的身份成为某党派、团体、人群、游戏等中的一个成员，相当于become a member of。如：He joined the tennis club.
(2)take part in表示“参加”，指参加某一活动并在其中起积极作用。take an active part in表示“积极参加”。如：Did you take an active part in the sports meeting?

16.辨析　It is ＋ adj.＋ for sb. ＋ to do sth.与It is ＋adj.＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth.
这两个句型中的it均为形式主语。
(1)It is ＋ adj. ＋ for sb. ＋ to do sth.句意为“对某人来说，做某事……”。该句型中的形容词通常是表示事物特点或特征的词，如：difficult, necessary, important, impossible等。
(2) It is ＋adj.＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth.中的形容词通常是表示人的性质、品质特征的词，如：nice, polite, silly, foolish, generous等。该句型相当于：sb. ＋ be＋ adj. ＋ to do sth.

17.辨析　would rather与prefer
两者都有“宁可……也不，宁愿”的含义，区别如下：
(1) would rather的缩略形式为'd rather, 没有人称、数和时态的变化，后接动词原形；其否定形式为would rather not do sth.，常和than连用。意为“宁愿……而不愿”。如：
I would rather go shopping than watch TV at home.
(2) prefer后接动词不定式，相当于would rather do sth., prefer有人称、数和时态的变化。如：
Mary preferred to sing when she was a child.
(3) prefer…to…， 意为“比起……更喜欢；宁愿……而不愿”，其同义短语为“would rather…than…/prefer to do sth. rather than do sth./like…better than…”，to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：I prefer swimming to running.

18.辨析　a number of 与the number of
a number of后跟可数名词复数形式，谓语要用复数；而the number of表示“……的数量”，后可以接可数名词复数，主语是number, 而不是of后面的复数名词，所以谓语要用单数。如：A small number of people have read the book.
The number of students in our school is rising year by year.
19.辨析　surprise, surprising 与 surprised
(1)surprise作及物动词时，意为“使(人)感到惊讶”，后面可以直接跟宾语。surprise作名词时，常和不同的介词一起构成介词短语，如： in surprise, to one's surprise, 前者意为“惊讶地；吃惊地”，后者意为“使人惊讶的是……”。两者在句中都是介词短语作状语。
(2)surprising是形容词，表示“使惊奇的；出人意料的”，通常指一件事，表示事物本身所具有的特征、内容或状况。
(3)surprised是形容词，表示“感到惊奇的；感到吃惊的”，通常指人的感受，表示主语的看法、评议或感觉。

20.辨析　except, besides与except for
(1) except表示“除了……之外(不再有……)”，表示的是一种排除的关系；可与but换用，但比but语气较强。如：Everyone went to the party except Jim.
(2) besides表示“除了……之外(还有……)”，表示的是一种累加关系。如：
Have you got any clothes besides these?
(3) except for 多用于说明基本情况或对主要部分加以肯定；还可引出相反的原因或细节，从而部分地修正前面的主要意思，含惋惜意味。如：
His composition is excellent except for some grammatical mistakes.
—All the workers went home yesterday ________Mr White. Why?
—Because he was on duty.
A．except B．besides
C．except for D．beside