高中英语积累材料2.doc

英语材料2
一．单词

12

aim n.目的，目标 v. 计划，打算，瞄准，针对
air n. 空气，大气 by air 乘飞机
aircraft n. 飞机 (单复数同)
▲airline n. 航空公司，航空系统
airport n. 航空站，飞机场
▲alcohol n.酒精，含酒精之饮料，酒，乙醇
▲alike a. & ad.像…..
alive a. 活着的，存在的
all ad. 全部地
a.全（部），所有的，总，整
pron.全部，全体人员
all over 到处，遍及，浑身，处处（像某人）
all over the country/world全国/全世界
in all总之
not at all一点也不
allow vt. 允许，准许
almost ad. 几乎，差不多
alone a. 单独的，孤独的
along ad. 向前，和……一起，一同
prep. 沿着，顺着
aloud ad. 大声地
▲alphabet n.字母表
already ad. 已经
also ad. 也
although conj. 虽然，尽管
altogether ad. 总共
always ad. 总是，一直，永远
▲ａ.m./am，A.M./AM n. 午前，上午
【amaze v.惊奇，惊叹，震惊】
▲ambulance n. 救护车
America n. 美国，美洲
American a. 美国的，美国人的n. 美国人
among prep. 在…中间，在（三个以上）之间
▲amount n.总数，数额，数量
▲amusement n. 娱乐
▲analyse/analyze v.分析
▲analysis n.分析
▲ancestor n. 祖宗， 祖先
▲ancient a. 古代的，古老的
and conj. 和，又，而
anger n. 怒，愤怒
angry a. 生气的，愤怒的
be angry with sb.对……生气/发怒
animal n. 动物
announce vt. 宣布，宣告
【announcement n. 通告，通知】
【annoy vt.（使）烦恼】
another a. 再一，另一，别的，不同的 pron. 另一个
one after another一个接一个，依次，陆续
answer n. 回答，答复，回信， 答案 v. 回答，答复，回信，（作出）答案
▲ant n. 蚂蚁
▲anxiety n.忧虑，焦急
anxious a. 忧虑的，焦急的
any pron. （无论）哪一个，哪些 任何的，
（用于疑问句、否定句）一些，什么
anybody/ anyone pron. 任何人，无论谁
anyhow ad. 不管怎样
anything pron. 什么事（物），任何事（物）
▲anyway ad. 不管怎样
anywhere ad. 任何地方
▲apartment n. （美）楼中单元房，一套房间，房间
apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪
【apology n. 道歉，歉意】
appear vi. 出现
【appearance n. 出现，露面，容貌】
apple n. 苹果
▲application n. 申请
▲apply v. 申请
▲appointment n. 约会
▲appreciate v. 欣赏， 感激
▲approach v./ n.走近，靠近，临近
▲approximately adv.接近，近似地
April n. 四月
▲architect n.建筑师，设计师
▲Arctic a. 北极的 the Arctic 北极
area n. 面积，地域，地方，区域，范围，领域
argue vi. 争辩， 争论
argument n. 争论，辩论
▲arise (arose, arisen) vi. 起来，升起，出现，呈现，发生
▲arithmetic n. 算术

二.极易拼错的单词
1) quite 相当 quiet 安静地
2) affect v 影响, 假装 effect n 结果, 影响
3) adapt 适应 adopt 采用 adept 内行
4) angel 天使 angle 角度
5) dairy 牛奶厂 diary 日记
6) contend 奋斗, 斗争 content 内容, 满足的 context 上下文 contest 竞争, 比赛
7) principal 校长, 主要的 principle 原则
8) implicit 含蓄的 explicit 明白的
9) dessert 甜食 desert 沙漠 v 放弃 dissert 写论文
10) pat 轻拍 tap 轻打 slap 掌击 rap 敲，打
11) decent 正经的 descent n 向下, 血统 descend v 向下
12) sweet 甜的 sweat 汗水
13) later 后来 latter 后者 latest 最近的 lately adv 最近
14) costume 服装 custom 习惯
15) extensive 广泛的 intensive 深刻的
16) aural 耳的 oral 口头的
17) abroad 国外 aboard 上（船，飞机）
18) altar 祭坛 alter 改变
19) assent 同意 ascent 上升 accent 口音
20) champion 冠军 champagne 香槟酒 campaign 战役
21) baron 男爵 barren 不毛之地的 barn 古仓
22) beam 梁， 光束 bean 豆 been have 过去式
23) precede 领先 proceed 进行，继续
24) pray 祈祷 prey 猎物
25) chicken 鸡 kitchen 厨房
26) monkey 猴子 donkey 驴
27) chore 家务活 chord 和弦 cord 细绳
28) cite 引用 site 场所 sight 视觉
29) clash （金属）幢击声 crash 碰幢，坠落 crush 压坏
30) compliment 赞美 complement 附加物
31) confirm 确认 conform 使顺从
32) contact 接触 contract 合同 contrast 对照
33) council 议会 counsel 忠告 consul 领事
34) crow 乌鸦 crown 王冠 clown 小丑 cow 牛
35) dose 一剂药 doze 打盹
36) drawn draw 过去分词 drown 溺水
37) emigrant 移民到国外 immigrant 从某国来的移民
38) excess n 超过 exceed v超过 excel 擅长
39) hotel 青年旅社 hostel 旅店
40) latitude 纬度 altitude 高度 gratitude 感激
41) immoral 不道德 的 immortal 不朽的
42) lone 孤独的 alone 单独的 lonely 寂寞的
43) mortal 不死的 metal 金属 mental 神经的 medal 勋章 model 模特meddle 玩弄
44) scare 惊吓 scarce 缺乏的
45) drought 天旱 draught 通风, 拖 拉 draughts (英)国际跳棋
47) assure 保证 ensure 使确定 insure 保险
48) except 除外 expect 期望 accept 接受 excerpt 选录 exempt 免除
49) floor 地板 flour 面粉
50) incident 事件 accident 意外
51) inspiration 灵感 aspiration 渴望
52) march 三月, 前进 match 比赛
53) patent 专利 potent 有力的 potential 潜在的
54) police 警察 policy 政策 politics 政治
55) protest 抗议 protect 保护
56) require 需要 inquire 询问 enquire 询问 acquire 获得
57) revenge 报仇 avenge 为...报仇
58) story 故事 storey 楼层 store 商店
59) strike 打 stick 坚持 strict 严格的
60) expand 扩张 expend 花费 extend 延长
61) commerce 商业 commence 开始
62) through 通过 thorough 彻底的 (al)though 尽管 thought think 过去分词
63) purpose 目的 suppose 假设 propose 建议
64) expect 期望 respect 尊敬 aspect 方面 inspect 视察 suspect 怀疑
65) glide 滑翔 slide 使滑行 slip 跌落
66) steal 偷 steel 钢
67) strive 努力 stride 大步走
68) allusion 暗示 illusion 幻觉 delusion 错觉 elusion 逃避
69) prospect 前景 perspective 透视法
70) stationery 文具 stationary 固定的
71) loose 松的 lose 丢失 loss n 损失 lost lose过去式
72) amend 改正, 修正 emend 校正
73) amoral unmoral immoral 同义 不道德的

三．词语辨析
1．agree with / agree to / agree on
agree with：同意，赞成（后接“人”或what从句作宾语）；适合，适应；一致。例如：
例20：I don’t quite agree with you.
例21：Nobody agreed with what he had said at the meeting.
例22：The weather here doesn’t agree with most of us. （这里的天气我们多数人不适应。）
例23：Your words do not agree with your actions. （你的言行不一。）
agree to：同意，赞成。指一方同意另一方的意见、建议、观点、想法等。例如：
例24：John can’t agree to Joe’s idea.
agree on：对……达成共识。指双方或多方对某事取得一致意见。例如：
例25：Finally John and Joe agreed on the plan.
2．allow / permit / let / promise
allow：允许，许可。指听任或默许，也可用来表示客气的请求。例如：
例26：Who allowed you to leave the camp？
例27：Smoking is not allowed here.
例28：Please allow me to introduce myself to you.
permit：允许，许可。通常指正式的许可。例如：
例29：He declared that he would permit me to do so.
allow 和 permit 的含义虽然有所差别，但实际运用中两者常通用。
let：允许，让。其后的宾语补足语应是不带to的不定式。一般不用于被动语态。例如：
例30：Don’t let this happen again.
例31：This is not allowed to happen again. （不说：This is not let to happen again.）
promise：答应，允诺。用于主动答应自己要做什么的场合。例如：
例32：They promised an immediate reply.
例33：He promised to start at once.
例34：I promised him to see to the matter right away.
(我答应他马上处理这件事。不定式to see to 是主语I发出的。)
3．announce / declare
announce：宣布，宣告。常指首次公开或正式宣布人们关心的某件事情。例如：
例35：The government announced that the danger was past.
例36：It was announced that the national science conference would soon be held in Beijing.
另外，要表达“向某人宣布某事”，应用announce to sb sth。后接to sb的动词还有say，explain等。例如：
例37：He announced to us the news and then said to us, “Now let me explain to you in details.”
（他向我们宣布了这个消息，然后对我们说：“现在让我详细给你们解释吧。”）
declare：宣布，声明。指以正式的话语公开宣布某件事。例如：
例38：The chairman declared the exhibition open. （主席宣布展览会开幕。）
4．answer / reply
answer：回答，回应。例如：
例39：“Tom!” No one answered.
例40：Please answer the door-bell. （请去开门。）
例41：He answered that he knew nothing about it．
例42：No one was able to answer him a word．
reply：回答，答复。作不及物动词时，后需接to再接宾语；作及物动词时，后直接接that从句或what从句，或用于倒装句。例如：
例43：He replied to me, “I need the answer to the exercise.”
例44：He replied that he would not go．
例45：Not a word did she reply．（她一句话也不应。）
answer当名词用时，与reply一样，要接to。例如：
例46：He made no answer / reply to his questions.
5．appear / look / seem
appear：显得，好像。有时含有表面上显得，而事实未必的意味。例如：
例47：This kind of apples appears good, but in fact it tastes sour.
（这种苹果看起来好，实际吃起来酸。）
seem：好像。暗示判断有一定根据，往往接近事实。例如：
例48：You seem to have made the same mistake again this time.
（你这次似乎又犯了同样的错误。）
例49：It seems that it is going to rain soon.
look：好像。表示凭感觉作出的判断。例如：
例50：What’s wrong with you? You look pale.
例51：It looks like rain. （看来要下雨了。）

四．短语
（一）
call
call vt.叫喊；打电话给… I'll call the roll before class. 课前我要点名。
call on sb 拜访，号召
call at 访问（某人的家）；（火车、船）停靠
call for 需要 And there's a phone call for you， Mr. Bennett. Bennett先生 有你的电话。
call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事
call off 取消（计划，比赛）
call out （call out+to sb.）大声地叫
call up sb 打电话
call in 请进来 We'll call in a couple of days. 我们两三天後打电话。
carry
carry vt.携带；运载；传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。
carry out 进行到底，贯彻执行Tomorrow， Sandra will carry out the garbage. 明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。 carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语，但在此地，一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。
carry on 进行下去，坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name. 这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。
carry away 拿走，入迷，被…吸引
carry forward 推进，发扬（精神）
carry off 抢走，夺走/获得奖品
carry through 进行到底，完成计划
carry sb through 使…渡过难关
catch
catch vt.捉；抓住 vi.接住 We didn't catch anything. 我们什么也没有钓著。
catch up 赶上 He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月，力图把功课赶上去。
catch on 勾住，绊倒
catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水者见草也要抓；急何能择。
be caught in the rain 被雨淋
catch up with 赶上某人，补上工作
clear
clear a.清澈[晰]的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear up （天气）转晴，澄清事实，整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight. 天气预报说今晚雨就会停。
clear away 清除掉，去掉，消散
clear off 消除（积雪）等障碍，把…拆掉，擦掉，清除
come
come vi.到来； 变得； 到达 May I come in? 我能进来吗？
come across 偶然发现，偶然遇到
come on 快点（口），开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去 Oh， come on now. 噢 别这样了。
come at 向…扑过来，向…袭击 We may come at another time.我们可以另找个时间来。
come down 倒下，（温度，价格）下降，病倒
come forward 涌现，主动地响应要求做某事
come in 进来，上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection? 你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗
come from 来自于 I come from Japan. 我来自日本。
come out 出来，出发，结果 Did Mitchell Johnson's review come out yet? Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有 ?
come to 苏醒，总共，达到，得到谅解 When will he come to see you? 他什么时候来看你？
come up sb 走进
come up 种子生长发育，被提出 And I'll come up with something. 我会想出个办法的。
come to one's rescuers 帮助
come true 实现 I know， but it's still a dream come true. 我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。

(二)
1. apply for申请
I have applied to the Consul for the visa.
2. take sth. in one's arms把……抱在怀里
She took a bunch of roses in her arms.
3. take up arms拿起武器
We should take up our arms to defend our motherland.
4. arrive in/at a place达到某地
My brother will arrive in Beijing next Monday.
I arrive at the school every morning at a regular time.
5. ask (sb.) for sth.向（某人）要某物
You shouldn't ask your parents for money any more.
6. pay attention to对……注意
When you write an essay, you have several things to pay attention to.
7. be away from远离……
When you friend is in trouble, don't be away from him/her; instead, you should try your best to help.
8. go/run away逃跑
It's dangerous! Go/run away immediately.
9. beat… to death将……打死
He was nearly beat to death once after he was caught stealing.
10. go to bed上床休息 ；
I was so tired that I went to bed earlier than before.

五．选择题
1. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.
A. guilt B. charge C. blame D. accusatio
[答案] C. blame.
[注释]take the blame for 对......承担责任。take charge of 负责管理 (照顾) 。[注意]charge 前无冠词the.
2. The worker agreed to _____ the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.
A. call for B. call forth C. call off D. call up
[答案] C. call off [注释] call off取消，停止进行；call for sb 去接，call for sth需要 ；call forth 引起，使产生；call up使回忆起，使想起
3. I could just see a car in the distance, but I couldn't _____ what color it was.
A. look out B. make out C. get across D. take after
[答案] B. make out [注释] make out 分清。辨认清楚
4. He has impressed his employers considerably and _____ he is soon to be promoted.
A. eventually B. yet C. finally D. accordingly
[答案] D. accordingly.
[注释]accordingly (=for that reason, therefore) 因此, 所以。
5. It was a great _____ for him to be pleasant to people he didn't like.
A. attempt B. trouble C. power D. effort
[答案] D. effort.
[注释] effort (作可数名词用) (=vigorous attempt) 努力的尝试：Does it require a great effort of will to give up smoking? (戒烟需要坚强的毅力吗？)
6. The firemen managed to _____ the fire in time.
A. extinguish B. prevent C. suppress D. ruin
[答案] A. extinguish.
[注释] extinguish (=put out) vt. 扑灭 (火焰等) 。Stop the fire虽然也可以搭配, 但按本句题意用extinguish为最佳。
7. What is most obvious in this book are all those details of daily living which make Mrs. Richard _____ common.
A. nothing but B. anything but C. above all D. rather than
[答案] B. anything but.
[注释] anything but (=far from being) 根本不; The boys knew they bad broken the rules, and they were anything but happy when they were called to the office. (=They were unhappy and afraid.) nothing but 只不过; Don't have him for a friend; he's nothing but a criminal. (不要把他当朋友, 他只不过是个罪犯。) I have nothing but two dollars. (我只有2美元。) above all最重要的。rather than 而不是
8. The car was completely _____ and the driver seriously injured.
A. broken off B. taken off C. written off D. picked up
[答案] C. written off.[注释] write off报废
9. On this happy occasion, I'd like to say that we are _____ much obliged to you for your kind cooperation.
A. even so B. ever so C. as yet D. so far
[答案] B. ever so.
[注释]ever so (=very) 非常; It's ever so cold.与名词搭配时则用ever such, 如：She's ever such a nice girl. (她是一位非常好的姑娘。) even so (=although that is true, nevertheless; still) 即使如此：The fire was out, but even so, the smell of smoke was strong. (=The fire was out, but the smell was still there.)
10. His new appointment takes _____ from the beginning of next month.
A. place B. effect C. post D. office、
[答案] B. effect. [注释]take effect 生效。

六．阅读 (09•天津A篇)
Societies all over the world name places in similar ways. Quite often there is no official naming ceremony but places tend to be called names as points of reference by people. Then an organized body steps in and gives the place a name. Frequently it happens that a place has two names: One is named by the people and the other by the government. As in many areas, old habits died hard, and the place continues to be called by its unofficial name long after the meaning is lost.
Many roads and places in Singapore（新加坡） are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations. Thus we have names such as Stamford Road and Raffles Place. This is in keeping with traditions in many countries ---- in both the West and the East.
Another way of naming places is naming them after other places. Perhaps they were named to promote friendships between the two places or it could be that the people who used to live there were originally from the places that the roads were named after. The mystery is clearer when we see some of the roads named in former British bases. If you step into Selector Airbase you will see Piccadilly Circus ---- obviously named by some homesick Royal Air Force personnel.
Some places were named after the activities that used to go on at those places. Bras Basah Road is an interesting example, “Base Basah” means “wet rice” in Malay（马来语）. Now why would anyone want to name a road “Wet Rice Road”? The reason is simple. During the pioneering days, wet rice was laid out to dry along this road.
A few roads in Singapore are named by their shapes. There is “Circular Road” for one. Other roads may have part of their names to describe their shapes, like “Paya Lebar Crescent”. This road is called a crescent（月牙） because it begins on the main road, makes a crescent and comes back to join the main road again.
36. We learn from Paragraph 1 that _____.
A. the government is usually the first to name a place
B. many places tend to have more than one name
C. a ceremony will be held when a place is named
D. people prefer the place names given by the government
37. What does the underlined phrase “die hard” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?
A. Change suddenly.
B. Change significantly.
C. Disappear mysteriously.
D. Disappear very slowly.
38. Which of the following places is named after a person?
A. Raffles Place.
B. Selector Airbase.
C. Piccadilly Circus.
D. Paya Lebar Crescent.
39. Bras