转载：ABAP-ALV报表开发实例.docx

ABAP-ALV报表开发
ALV相关概念
ALV是系统的一种网格的显示方式,这种方式带有汇总\排序\筛选等功能,ALV格式的数据是以单元格为单位显示,不象一般的写屏方式拷出来或是
导出成文件不同列的内容粘在一块,这种方式便于数据导出来放在电子表格里进行加工。
ALV即能显示简单表单（SIMPLE LIST）又能显示有序表单（SEQUENTIAL LIST）：
ALV实现方式：
ALV 可以通过两种方式实现：Two Approaches
Conventional (Using SAP Standard Function Modules).
Object Oriented (Using SAP Standard Classes and Methods).
以下我们要讲的为Function Modules方式。
ALV实现流程：
第一步：定义将要用到的表，即TALBES定义部分，然后定义TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.
第二步：定义数据类型或者内表的实体对象.
第三步：定义一些需要用到的变量.
第四步：定义自己的选择屏幕.
第五步：start-of-selection部分.
1)用一个子函数完成对ALV表单标题区域的赋值(i_list_comments).
2)用一个子函数完成自己所需要数据的抓取.
3)用一个子函数完成要显示列表的列名行(第一行)的相关赋值(i_fieldcat_alv)以及设置.
4)用一个子函数完成输出格式的设置(i_layout)，比如双击一条记录是否弹出对话框啊?是用哪个功能键触发等等.
5)用一个子函数FORM DISPLAY_DATA来显示上面我们已经分别封装好的数据，需要调用两个常用的FUNCTION MODULE.
下面根据一个普通的例子(purchase order)来具体解释各步骤：
*第一步：
TABLES:EKKO,EKPO,T001,LFA1.
TYPE-POOLS SLIS."有时可以还要包含
*第二步：
TYPES : BEGIN OF TYP_PURORDER,                "TYPE OF Purchase Order Information
          AEDAT     TYPE EKKO-AEDAT,          "Date on Which Record Was Created
          EBELN     TYPE EKKO-EBELN,          "Purchasing Document Number
          MATNR     TYPE EKPO-MATNR,          "Material Number
          TXZ01     TYPE EKPO-TXZ01,
          MENGE     TYPE EKPO-MENGE,          "Purchase Order Quantity
          MEINS     TYPE EKPO-MEINS,          "Purchase Order Unit of Measure
          NETPR     TYPE EKPO-NETPR,          "Net Price in Purchasing Document
          WAERS     TYPE EKKO-WAERS,          "Currency Key
          NETWR     TYPE EKPO-NETWR,          "Net Order Value in PO Currency
         END OF TYP_PURORDER.
DATA: ST_PURORDER TYPE TYP_PURORDER,                     "MAIN STRUCTER
      TD_PURORDER TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TYP_PURORDER.   "MAIN TABLE
*第三步：
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       COUNTER DEF
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
DATA: W_BUKRS    TYPE T001-BUKRS,  "用于公司代码的检索
      W_LIFNR    TYPE LFA1-LIFNR,               "用于购买者代码的检索
      W_DATUM    TYPE EKKO-AEDAT,
      W_DATE(10) TYPE C.
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       FOR ALV DEF
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
DATA: ST_LAYO     TYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,              "ALV LAYOUT STR
      TD_EVENT    TYPE SLIS_T_EVENT,                 "ALV EVENT TAB
      ST_EVENT    TYPE SLIS_ALV_EVENT,               "ALV EVENT STR
      TD_COMMENT  TYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,            "SET HEADER TAB
      ST_COMMENT  LIKE LINE OF TD_COMMENT,           "SET HEADER STR
      ST_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_FIELDCAT_ALV,            "ALV FIELDCAT STR
      TD_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV,          "ALV FIELDCAT TAB
      ST_SORT     TYPE SLIS_SORTINFO_ALV,            "ALV SORT STR
      TD_SORT     TYPE SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV.          "ALV SORT TAB
*1)SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV是一个类型，它用来定义ALV报表的整体属性例如：
   *ST_LAYO-ZEBRA = 'X'.“显示成斑马纹样式
   *ST_LAYO-DETAIL_POPUP = 'X'.“是否弹出详细信息窗口
   *ST_LAYO-F2CODE = '&ETA'. “设置触发弹出详细信息窗口的功能码，这里是双击
   *ST_LAYO-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE = 'X'. “优化列宽选项是否设置
   *ST_LAYO-DETAIL_INITIAL_LINES  = 'X'.
   *ST_LAYO -no_vline = 'X'.“这个用来设置列间隔线
   *ST_LAYO -detail_titlebar = '详细内容'. “设置弹出窗口的标题栏
*2)SLIS_T_EVENT是一个取得事件的内表，通过函数REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET取得多个事件(包括操作页眉页脚的事件).
*3)SLIS_T_LISTHEADER操作页眉页脚的内表.
*4)SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV操作ALV报表列的内表.
*5)SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV对显示数据排序的内表。
*第四步:
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       PARAMTER DEF（SELECT-OPTION etc.）
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*view or posting selection screen
PARAMETERS:     P_BUKRS TYPE T001-BUKRS DEFAULT TEXT-001 OBLIGATORY. "Company Code
PARAMETERS:     P_LIFNR TYPE LFA1-LIFNR OBLIGATORY. "Vendor Code
SELECT-OPTIONS: S_DAT   FOR  W_DATUM.    "PO Date
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
*       AT SELECTION-SCREEN
*----------------------------------------------------------------------*
AT SELECTION-SCREEN.
*Check Airline Carrier ID
  PERFORM PRM_CHECK_SCDATA.
*第五步：
START-OF-SELECTION.
  PERFORM PRM_GET_DATA.   
  PERFORM FRM_SET_LAYOUT. 
  PERFORM FRM_SET_EVENT.   "Set ALV EVENT
  PERFORM FRM_SET_FIELDCAT."Set ALV FIELDCAT 用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等
  PERFORM FRM_SORT_TAB.
  PERFORM FRM_DISPLAY_ALV. "OUT DATA FROM ALV
"判断录入参数的合法性
FORM PRM_CHECK_SCDATA.
  SELECT SINGLE BUKRS
    FROM T001
    INTO W_BUKRS
   WHERE BUKRS = P_BUKRS.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE E003 WITH P_BUKRS.
    LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.
  ENDIF.
  SELECT SINGLE LIFNR
   FROM LFA1
   INTO W_LIFNR
  WHERE LIFNR = P_LIFNR.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE E003 WITH P_LIFNR.
    LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                 
"Set ALV LAYOUT 用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性
FORM FRM_SET_LAYOUT .
  CLEAR ST_LAYO.
  ST_LAYO-ZEBRA                 = 'X'.
  ST_LAYO-DETAIL_POPUP          = 'X'.
  ST_LAYO-F2CODE                = '&ETA'.
  ST_LAYO-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE     = 'X'.
  ST_LAYO-DETAIL_INITIAL_LINES  = 'X'.
ENDFORM.                    " FRM_SET_LAYOUT

"取数据到内表中
FORM PRM_GET_DATA.
  SELECT
          EKKO~AEDAT          "Date on Which Record Was Created
          EKKO~EBELN          "Purchasing Document Number
          EKPO~MATNR          "Material Number
          EKPO~TXZ01
          EKPO~MENGE          "Purchase Order Quantity
          EKPO~MEINS          "Purchase Order Unit of Measure
          EKPO~NETPR          "Net Price in Purchasing Document
          EKKO~WAERS          "Currency Key
          EKPO~NETWR          "Net Order Value in PO Currency
    INTO TABLE TD_PURORDER
    FROM EKKO INNER JOIN EKPO
      ON ( EKKO~EBELN = EKPO~EBELN )
   WHERE EKKO~BUKRS = P_BUKRS
     AND EKKO~LIFNR = P_LIFNR
     AND EKKO~AEDAT IN S_DAT.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE E002 .
    LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING.
  ENDIF.
*  SORT TD_PURORDER BY AEDAT EBELN MATNR.
ENDFORM.                    "GET_DATA
"取全部的事件，并且更改处理页眉页脚的事件的FORM的值
FORM FRM_SET_EVENT .
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET'
    EXPORTING
      I_LIST_TYPE     = 0
    IMPORTING
      ET_EVENTS       = TD_EVENT
    EXCEPTIONS
      LIST_TYPE_WRONG = 1
      OTHERS          = 2.
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
            WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
    LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.
  ENDIF.
  READ TABLE TD_EVENT
  WITH KEY NAME = SLIS_EV_END_OF_LIST
  INTO ST_EVENT.
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
    ST_EVENT-FORM = 'ALV_END_OF_LIST'."将页尾子程名称赋值给 ST_EVENT-FORM
    MODIFY TD_EVENT FROM ST_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX.
  ENDIF.
  READ TABLE TD_EVENT
  WITH KEY NAME = SLIS_EV_TOP_OF_PAGE
  INTO ST_EVENT.
  IF SY-SUBRC = 0.
    ST_EVENT-FORM = 'ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE'."将页眉子程名称赋值给 ST_EVENT-FORM
    MODIFY TD_EVENT FROM ST_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    " FRM_SET_EVENT
"页眉处理子程
FORM ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE .
  REFRESH TD_COMMENT.
  CLEAR ST_COMMENT.
  ST_COMMENT-TYP  = 'H'."H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action供选择
  ST_COMMENT-KEY  = SPACE.
  ST_COMMENT-INFO = TEXT-024.
  APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.
  CLEAR ST_COMMENT.
  ST_COMMENT-TYP  = 'A'.
  ST_COMMENT-KEY  = TEXT-020.
  ST_COMMENT-INFO = P_BUKRS.
  APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.
  CLEAR ST_COMMENT.
  ST_COMMENT-TYP  = 'S'.
  ST_COMMENT-KEY  = TEXT-023.
  ST_COMMENT-INFO = P_LIFNR.
  APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
    EXPORTING
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       = TD_COMMENT
      I_LOGO                   = 'ENJOYSAP_LOGO'." 输出图标
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
            WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
    LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    " ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE
"页脚处理子程
FORM ALV_END_OF_LIST .
  REFRESH TD_COMMENT.
  CLEAR ST_COMMENT.
  ST_COMMENT-TYP  = 'S'.
  ST_COMMENT-KEY  = TEXT-022.
  ST_COMMENT-INFO = SY-UNAME.
  APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.
  CONCATENATE SY-DATUM+0(4)
              SY-DATUM+4(2)
              SY-DATUM+6(2)
         INTO W_DATE
    SEPARATED BY '/'."时间字符串的连接
  CLEAR ST_COMMENT.
  ST_COMMENT-TYP  = 'S'.
  ST_COMMENT-KEY  = TEXT-021.
  ST_COMMENT-INFO = W_DATE.
  APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.
  CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITE'
    EXPORTING
      IT_LIST_COMMENTARY       = TD_COMMENT
      I_END_OF_LIST_GRID       = 'X'.
ENDFORM.                   
"指定ALV报表列属性
FORM FRM_SET_FIELDCAT .
  REFRESH TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 0.         "第一列
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-002.  "绑定的内表列名称
*  ST_FIELDCAT-ref_tabname   = 'EKKO'.   "录入时，帮助制作时指定表名称
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-002.  "录入时，帮助制作时指定表中参考列名称
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-003.
* ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_L     = 'zzz'.     "M，L，S这三个给一个就行
* ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S     = 'AAA'.     "如果都给，它只用L中的值
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = 'X'.       "是否可编辑
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 1.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-004.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-004.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-005.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = 'X'.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 2.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-006.
  ST_FIELDCAT-ref_tabname   = 'EKPO'.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-006.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-007.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 3.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-008.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-008.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-009.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 4.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-010.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-010.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-011.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 5.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-012.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-013.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-013.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 6.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-014.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-014.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-015.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 7.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-016.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-016.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-017.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.
  CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.
  ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS       = 8.
  ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME     = TEXT-018.
  ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-018.
  ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M     = TEXT-019.
  ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT          = SPACE.
  APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.

ENDFORM.                   
"ALV报表的显示
FORM FRM_DISPLAY_ALV .
   CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
   EXPORTING
     I_INTERFACE_CHECK                 = SPACE
     I_CALLBACK_PROGRAM                = SY-REPID "表示当前程序调用
     IS_LAYOUT                         = ST_LAYO 
     IT_FIELDCAT                       = TD_FIELDCAT
     IT_SORT                           = TD_SORT
     I_DEFAULT                         = 'X'
     I_SAVE                            = 'A'
     IT_EVENTS                         = TD_EVENT
    TABLES
      T_OUTTAB                         = TD_PURORDER "操作的内表
   EXCEPTIONS
     PROGRAM_ERROR                     = 1
     OTHERS                            = 2
            .
  IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
    MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
            WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
  ENDIF.
ENDFORM.                    " FRM_DISPLAY_ALV
"显示前页表数据的排序
FORM FRM_SORT_TAB .
  CLEAR ST_SORT.
  REFRESH TD_SORT.
  ST_SORT-SPOS      = 3.       "排序的次序
  ST_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'AEDAT'. "绑定的内表字段名称
  ST_SORT-UP        = 'X'.     "是否为升序
  APPEND ST_SORT TO TD_SORT.
  CLEAR ST_SORT.
  ST_SORT-SPOS      = 2.
  ST_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'EBELN'.
  ST_SORT-UP        = 'X'.
* ST_SORT-DOWN      = 'X'.
  APPEND ST_SORT TO TD_SORT.
  CLEAR ST_SORT.
  ST_SORT-SPOS      = 1.
  ST_SORT-FIELDNAME = 'MATNR'.
  ST_SORT-UP        = 'X'.
  APPEND ST_SORT TO TD_SORT.
  CLEAR ST_SORT.