国际经贸文章选读全套电子整本书电子教案教学教程整套课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,国际经贸文章选读,Lesson 1,The World Economy:Three-Way Split,Pre-reading questions,Have you ever thought of the trend of the world economy?What will it be like?,What monetary measures do you think economies should take to prevent the economic recession?,Decide on which of the following statements can best sum up the main idea of the text after your first reading.,The text tells us the optimistic outlook of the world economy.,The text mainly analyzes the economic situation of America.,The text predicts the possible new pattern of the world economy.(),Words and Expressions,split n.裂缝；劈开,output n.产量；输出量,forecaster n.预报员,mid-year slowdown 年中经济放缓,double-dip recession 双底衰退,peripheral adj.不重要的；外围的,decent adj.相当好的,ageing n.老化,oomph n.精力；吸引力,buoyant adj.有浮力的,MSCI index 摩根士丹利资本国际指数,shrug off 摆脱,ominous adj.预兆的；不祥的,rattle v.喋喋不休地说,debt n.债务,pessimistic n.悲观；悲观主义,heavyweight n.重量级选手,divergence n.分歧,friction n.摩擦 on a tear 持续上升,spare capacity 闲置的生产能力,asset bubbles 资产泡沫,overheating n.过热,by no means alone 绝不孤独,surge v.激增,slump n.暴跌,monetary adj.货币的；金融的,hold down 抑制；压制currency n.货币,inflation n.通货膨胀,tightening n.紧缩,emanate v.散发；发出,steeply adv.险峻地,consolidation n.合并,fiscal adj.财政的,voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的,masochistic adj.自讨苦吃的,embattled adj.被围困的,grim adj.残忍的；可怕的,screw down 使降低价格,bust n.萧条；不景气,enlightened adj.进步的；文明的,fractious adj.易怒的；难以对付的,austerity n.紧缩；严厉,expire v.失效；终止,tax breaks 税收减免；税额优惠,couple with 与相结合；伴随,inject v.注射,dose n.一剂；一服,steroid n.激素,rehab n.戒毒,cold turkey 冷火鸡疗法；突然完全戒毒,dire adj.可怕的；悲惨的,long-term budget 长期预算,fiscal consolidation 财政整顿,deficit n.赤字；不足额,gather dust 被忽视；被搁置,bondholder n.公债所有者,reserve currency 储备货币,bond-market bust 债券市场崩盘,sovereign default 主权债务违约,dampen v.抑制,skew v.倾斜；扭曲,debt-ridden 负债累累,thrifty adj.节俭的,obsessed with 纠缠于,bode v.预示,go bust 破产,sticking-plaster n.橡皮膏,tactic n.策略；战略,splurge v.挥霍；夸耀,feud v.长期不和；长期争斗,hash out 消除；解决,footing n.基础；立足处,bet on 就打赌,Notes,1.economic soft landing:,经济软着陆。,A soft landing in the business cycle is the process of an economy shifting from growth to slow-growth to potentially flat,as it approaches but avoids a recession.It is usually caused by government attempts to slow down inflation.The criteria for distinguishing between a hard and soft landing are numerous and subjective.In addition to being a certain type of business cycle,a soft landing may also refer to a market segment or industry sector that is expected to slow down,but to not crash,while the wider economy may not experience such a slow down at that time.,2.double-dip recession:双底型衰退，又叫双底W型衰退。When gross domestic product(GDP)growth slides back to negative after a quarter or two of positive growth.A double-dip recession refers to a recession followed by a short-lived recovery,followed by another recession.The causes for a double-dip recession vary but often include a slowdown in the demand for goods and services because of layoffs and spending cutbacks from the previous downturn.A double-dip(or even triple-dip)is a worst-case scenario.Fear that the economy will move back into a deeper and longer recession makes recovery even more difficult.。,3.MSCI:Morgan Stanley Capital International摩根士丹利资本国际。MSCI is a leading provider of investment decision support tools to over 5 000 clients worldwide,ranging from large pension plans to boutique hedge funds.It offers a range of products and servicesincluding indices,portfolio risk and performance analytics,and governance toolsfrom a number of internationally recognized brands such as Barra,Risk Metrics and ISS.Since the MSCI indices were launched over 40 years ago,the company has grown both organically and through acquisition to become one of the worlds leading players in the provision of products and services to institutional investors.,4.inflation:通货膨胀。In economics,inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.When the general price level rises,each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services.Consequently,inflation also reflects erosion in the purchasing power of moneya loss of real value in the internal medium of exchange and unit of account in the economy.A chief measure of price inflation is the inflation rate,the annualized percentage change in a general price index(normally the Consumer Price Index)over time.,5.tax breaks:税收减免。Tax break is a slang term referring to any item which reduces tax,including any tax exemption,tax deduction,or tax credit.Tax break is also a pejorative term used in the United States to refer to purportedly favorable tax treatment of any class of persons,as in“individuals get a tax break for xxx”.,6.Federal Reserve:美国联邦储备系统。Federal Reserve,also the Federal Reserve System(informally the Fred),is the central system of the United States.It was created in 1913 with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act,largely in response to a series of financial panics,particularly a severe panic in 1907.Over time,the roles and responsibilities of the Federal Reserve System have expanded and its structure has evolved.Events such as the Great Depression were major factors leading to changes in the system.Its duties today,according to official Federal Reserve documentation,are to conduct the nations monetary policy,supervise and regulate banking institutions,maintain the stability of the financial system and provide financial services to depository institutions,the U.S.government,and foreign official institutions.（英语：The Federal Reserve System或者Federal Reserve，,7.Investors today are shrugging off news far more ominous than that which rattled them earlier this year,from the soaring debt yields in the euro zones periphery to news of rising inflation in China.此句意为“对于诸如欧盟外围地区猛增的债务到中国通货膨胀加剧等这些年前让人坐立不安的不利消息，现在投资者对它们不屑一顾”。这个句子是一个含有比较状语从句的复杂句，than后的that指代news，用which带起了一个定语从句，from后面的部分则为整句话的状语，限定了news的范围。,8.Americas loose monetary policy and concerns about sovereign defaults in the euro zone will encourage capital to flow to emerging economies,making the latters central banks reluctant to raise interest rates and dampen down inflation.此句意为“美国的宽松货币政策与欧元区对主权违约的关注将鼓励资本流入新兴经济国家，让后者的中央银行迟迟不顾提高利率和抑制通货膨胀”。这个句子的主句为简单句，主语是由and连接的两个并列成分，逗号后的部分是现在分词作状语的用法。,9.And it bodes ill for financial markets,since neither Europes sticking-plaster approach to the euro nor Americas“jam today,God knows what tomorrow”tactic with the deficit are sustainable.此句意为“这对金融市场也是个噩兆，因为不管是欧洲与欧元已经若即若离的关系，亦或是美国对于赤字“及时行乐”的政策，都已经无法持久”。在这个句子，逗号前的部分为主句，逗号后的部分是since引导的原因状语从句，从句中neither.nor结构连接了从句的主语成分。,Difficult points,Basic knowledge about the world economy.,Understanding of three economic patterns of the world.,Terms and organizations of economy.,Lesson 2,The State of the World Trade,Pre-reading questions,How much do you know about the world trade?,What is the position of China in the world trade?,Decide on which of the following statements can best sum up the main idea of the text after your first reading.,The text mainly introduces the values of the various kinds of traded products and the dominant players for each kind.(),The text only tells us the characteristics of trade in food and agriculture.,Words and Expressions,dominate,v,.控制，支配 ambitious,adj,.雄心壮志的；耗资巨大的,transmitter,n.,变送器；发送器 humble,adj.,没有特别之处的,spot,v.,注意到；发现 pique ones curiosity 引起的好奇,cargo,n,.货物 composition,n.,构成部分,rationale,n.,基本原理；根本原因 superfluous,adj.,过剩的；多余的,port,n.,港口 stimulate,vt.,促进；激发,alleviate,vt,.减轻；缓解 distinguishing adj.明显的,climatic,adj,.与气候相关的 deficiency,n,.缺乏；不足,bulky,adj.,庞大的；笨重的 tariff,n.,关税,account for(数量上，比例上)占 pasta,n.,意大利面食,cereal,n.,谷类食物 horticultural,adj.,园艺的,reverse,adj.,相反的，反向的 endowment,n.,资助,agro-food,n.,农产品 take into account 考虑到，顾及到,boost,vt.,使增长，使兴旺 be short of 缺少,Notes,1.The Economist:经济学人It is an English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.and edited in offices in the City of Westminster,London,England.The Economist claims“it is not a chronicle of economics.”Rather,it aims“to take part in a severe contest between intelligence,which presses forward,and an unworthy,timid ignorance obstructing our progress.”It takes an editorial stance which is supportive of free trade and globalisation,along,with the expansion of government health and education spending,as well as other,more limited forms of governmental intervention.It targets highly educated readers and claims an audience containing many influential executives and policy-makers.,2.Ricardian theory:李嘉图理论。David Ricardo(19 April 1772-11 September 1823)was,an English political economist,often credited with systematizing economics,and was,one of the most influential of the classical economists,along with Thomas Malthus,Adam Smith,and John Stuart Mill.He was also a member of Parliament,businessman,financier and speculator,who amassed a considerable personal fortune.Perhaps his,most important contribution was the law of comparative advantage,a fundamental,argument in favor of free trade among countries and of specialization among,individuals.Ricardo argued that there is mutual benefit from trade(or exchange)even,if one party(e.g.resource-rich country,highly-skilled artisan)is more productive in,every possible area than its trading counterpart(e.g.resource-poor country,unskilled,laborer),as long as each concentrates on the activities where it has a relative,productivity advantage.,3.Paul Krugman:保罗克鲁格曼。Paul Robin Krugman,born February 28,1953,is an American economist,professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University,Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics,and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times.In 2008,Krugman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography.According to the Nobel Prize Committee,the prize was given for Krugmans work explaining the patterns of international trade and the geographic concentration of wealth,by examining the impact of economies of scale and of consumer preferences for diverse goods and services.Krugman is known in Academia for his work on international economics(including trade theory,economic geography,and international finance),liquidity traps and currency crises.According to the IDEAS/RePEc rankings,he is the 15th most widely cited economist in the world today.,4.OECD:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development 经济合作与发展组织，简称经合组织It is an international economic organization of 34 countries founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade.It defines itself as,a forum of countries committed to democracy and the market economy,providing a platform to compare policy experiences,seeking answers to common problems,identifying good practices,and co-coordinating domestic and international policies of its members.The OECDs headquarters are at the Chateau de la Muette in Paris,France.,5.Doha Round:The Doha Development Round or Doha Development Agenda(DDA)is,the current trade-negotiation round of the World Trade Organization(WTO)which,commenced in November 2001.Its objective is to lower trade barriers around the,world,which will help facilitate the increase of global trade.As of 2008,talks have,stalled over a divide on major issues,such as agriculture,industrial tariffs and non-tariff barriers,services,and trade remedies.The most significant differences are between developed nations led by the European Union(EU),the United States(US),and Japan and the major developing countries led and represented mainly by Brazil,China,India,Korea,and South Africa.There is also considerable contention against and between the EU and the US over their maintenance of agricultural subsidiesseen to operate effectively as trade barriers.The Doha Round began with a ministerial-level meeting in Doha,Qatar in 2001.Subsequent ministerial meetings took place in Cancun,Mexico(2003),and Hong Kong(2005).Related negotiations took place in Geneva,Switzerland(2004,2006,2008);Paris,France(2005);and Potsdam,Germany(2007).,The most recent round of negotiations,23-29 July 2008,broke down after failing to,reach a compromise on agricultural import rules.After the breakdown,major,negotiations were not expected to resume until 2009.Nevertheless,intense,negotiations,mostly between the US,China,and India,were held in the end of 2008,in order to agree on negotiation modalities.However,these negotiations did not result,in any progress.,6.“Excluding intra-EU trade lowers world agricultural export figures by a third for 2004.”除去欧盟内部之间的贸易份额，2004年的世界农业出口额将降低三分之一（这是一个由动名词做主语的简单句，理解这个句子的关键在于对单词“lower”词性的把握，同时，此句也考查了对英语分数的表达）。,7.G20:二十国集团The Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors,(G-20,G20,Group of Twenty)is a group of finance ministers and central bank,governors from 20 major economies:19 countries plus the European Union,which is,represented by the President of the European Council and by the European Central,Bank.Their heads of government or heads of state have also periodically conferred,at summits since their initial meeting in 2008.Collectively,the G-20 economies,comprise 85%of global gross national product,80%of world trade(including EU intra-trade)and two-thirds of the world population.The G-20 was proposed by former,Canadian Finance Minister Paul Martin(later,Prime Minister)for cooperation and,consultation on matters pertaining to the international financial system.It studies,reviews,and promotes discussion(among key industrial and emerging market,countries)of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial,stability,and seeks to address issues that go beyond the responsibilities of any one,organization.With the G-20 growing in stature since the 2008 Washington summit,its leaders announced on September 25,2009,that the group will replace the G8 as,the main economic council of wealthy nations.The heads of the G-20 nations have,met semi-annually at G-20 summits since 2008.The most recent was held in,Seoul on November 11-12,2010.Starting in 2011,G-20 summits will be held,annually.,8.EU:European Union 欧洲联盟，简称欧盟The European Union(EU)is an economic and political union of 27 member states which are located primarily in Europe.The EU has developed a single market through a standardized system of laws which apply in all member states including the abolition of passport controls within the Schengen area.It ensures the free movement of people,goods,services,and capita enacts,legislation in justice and home affairs,and maintains common policies on trade,agriculture,fisheries and regional development.,9.G-10:Group of Ten:十国集团The Group of Ten or G-10 refers to the group of,countries that have agreed to participate in the General Arrangements to Borrow,(GAB).The GAB was established in 1962,when the governments of eight International,Monetary Fund(IMF)membersBelgium,Canada,France,Italy,Japan,the,Netherlands,the United Kingdom,and the United Statesand the central banks of,two others,Germany and Sweden,agreed to make resources avail