专业四级英语知识点.pdf

11.首卷语：首卷语：阿基拉和拼字游戏阿基拉和拼字游戏里的一段话里的一段话 Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate,our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure,we ask ourselves:who am I to be brilliant,gorgeous,talented and fabulous?Actually,who are you not to be?Your playing small doesnt serve the world.We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us.-Marianne Williamson译文：我们最深刻的恐惧，不是我们的无能；我们最深刻的恐惧，是我们的力量无边无际。我们问自己，我就是那个天生丽质、聪明绝顶的人么？事实上，有什么你做不到的呢？我们生来就是要证明，自己有上帝赋予的光芒。2.虚拟语气虚拟语气：.与现在事实相反，从句的谓语用动词过去式或 were，主句的谓语用 would(should)+动词原形if it were raining,we should delay the b.与过去事实相反,从句的谓语用 had+过去分词，主句的谓语用would(should)have+过去分词 if it had rained,we should have delayed the sports meeting.c.与将来事实相反,从句的谓语用,动词过去式，should+动词原形，或 were to+动词原形；主句的谓语用 would(should,could,might)+动词原形。If it were to/should rain,we would delay the meeting.3.形容词排序：形容词排序：熟记规则熟记规则：大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料大小形状和新老，颜色国际出（处）材料多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的，其顺序为：冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+序数词+基数词+一般性描绘形容词+大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+颜色+国籍、出处+材料+用途、类别+最终修饰的名词或动名词。例如：a beautiful little red flower 一朵美丽的小花。those four old-looking,grey,wooden houses 所以这个翻译题 我有一个中国制造木制红色的大的园桌子可以翻译成 2I have a big,round,red,Chinese wooden dinning table.请你记住Opshacomexample:a nice long new black British plastic penopop代表opinion，指示人们观点的形容 词，如beautiful，horrible，lovely，nice等；shsh代表shape，指表示形状的形容词，如long，short，round,narrow等；a a代表age，指表示年龄、时代的形容词，如old，new，young等；c c代表 colour，指表示颜色的形容词，如red,black,orange等；o o代表origin，指表示国籍、地区的形容词，如British，Canadian，German等；m m代表material，指表示材料的形容词，如plastic，metal，aluminum等op代表“美小圆旧黄，中国木书房美小圆旧黄，中国木书房”。注：“美”代表“描述或性质类”形容词；“小”代表“大小、长短、高低、胖瘦类”形容词；“圆”代表“形状类”形容词；“旧”代表“新旧、年龄类”形容词；“黄”代表“颜色类”形容词；“中国”代表“来源、国籍、地区、出处类”形容词；“木”代表“物质、材料、质地类”形容词；“书”代表“用途、类别、功能、作用类”形容词；“房”代表“中心名词”。例如：old red brick two beautiful new green silk evening dress 两件又新又漂亮的绿色丝绸女士晚礼服；that hungry,tired,sleepy little match girl 那个饥饿、疲劳、困倦的卖火柴的小女孩；an large old brick dining hall 一个旧的红砖砌的大餐厅。限定描绘大长高，限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；其中，“限定词”包括：冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词，它位于各类形容词前。它本身分为三位，即：前、中、后。前位限定词有all、half、both、分数和倍数；中位限定词有冠词、指示代词、物主代词等；后位限定词有基数词和序数词，但序数词位于基数词前。如:both my hands、all half his income等。“描绘”性形容词如：beautiful、bad、cold、great3等。“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词。表示“形状”的词如：round square等。“国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。“材料”的词如：wooden,woolen,stone,silk等。“作用类别”的词如：medical,college，writing desk，police car等4.情态动词：情态动词：didnt need to do：过去不必做某事,事实上也没做neednt have done：过去不必做某事,但事实上做了must have done:对过去一定做过某事推测couldnt have done:过去发生的事情不可能已经 could have v-ed 表示推测过去某动作“很可能”发生了may/might have v-ed 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了。should have v-ed 和 ought not to/shouldntt have v-ed 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该”和“本不应该”used to+v 意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；he used to live here.他一直住这.be used to+v-ing/n（名词）意为“习惯于”；I am used to living with my grandma when I was a little girl.be used to+v 意为“被用来（做某事）”wood is used to make paper.5.英语倍数表达法英语倍数表达法 1.A+be+倍数+as+计量形容词原级+as+B.2.A+be+倍数+计量形容词比较级+than+B3.A+be+倍数+the+计量名词+of+B 4.The+计量名词+of+A+be+倍数+that+of+B6.such 和和so的用法的用法so+adj.such+a(n)+n.so+adj.+a(n)+n.such+n.(pl.)4so+adj.+n.(pl.)such+n.(pl.)so+adj.+n.不可数such+n.不可数7.More thanMore than名词”表示“多于”、“不仅是She is more than a writer.More than数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意 she has more than 3 apples.More than形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思She is more than beautiful.More.than.”中，肯定“more”后面的而否定“than”后面的，约等于“是而不是”She is more a composer than a singer.more than”或“More.than.”含“can”的分句时表示“否定意No more.than.”表示“不；不如”No more.than.”的语义，也可用“not any more than.”来取代8.一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形原形动词结动词结 构,should往往可以省略。advice,arrange,command,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,require,request,suggest 等9.反意疑问句反意疑问句 1）陈述部分的主语是 Im，疑问部分要用 arent I。例如：Im as tall as your sister,arent I?我跟你姐一样高，对吗？2）陈述部分的谓语是 wish，疑问部分要用 may+主语。例如:I wish to have a word with you,may I?我想与你说句话，行吗？3）陈述部分用 no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little 等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。例如：Some plants never blown（开花）,do they?有些植物5从不开花，对吗？当陈述句含有 un-,dis-,in-,-less 等否定词缀时,疑问部分用否定含义4）含有 ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用 shouldnt/oughtnt+主语。例如：He ought to know what to do,oughtnt he?/shouldnt he?他应该知道该做什么，对吗？5）陈述部分有 have to+v.（had to+v.），疑问部分常用dont+主语（didnt+主语）。例如 We have to get there at eight tomorrow,dont we?我们要在明天早上八点到达那儿，是吗？6）陈述部分的谓语是 used to 时，疑问部分用 didnt+主语或 usednt+主语。例如：He used to take pictures there,didnt he?/usednt he?他以前常在那儿拍照，是吗？7）陈述部分有 had better+v.疑问句部分用 hadnt you?例如：Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you?你最好自己去读，好吗？8）陈述部分有 would rather+v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt+主语。例如：He would rather read it ten times than recite it,wouldnt he?他宁可读十遍也不愿意背诵，是吗？9）陈述部分有 Youd like to+v.疑问部分用 wouldnt+主语。例如：Youd like to go with me,wouldnt you?你想和我们一块去，对吗？10）陈述部分有 must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。以下例子是当 must 作推测时解,例如：He must be a doctor,isnt he?他肯定是医生，是吗？You must have studied English for three years,havent you?/didnt you?你一定读过三年英语，对吗？He must have finished it yesterday,didnt he?他肯定是在昨天完成任务的，是吗？当 must 作”必需,必要”时解,反意疑问句仍用”mustnt 或 needntHe must study hard at English,mustnt/neednt he?11）感叹句中，疑问部分一律用否定形式,be not+主语。例如：6 What colors,arent they?多漂亮的颜色，是吗？12）陈述部分由 neither nor,either or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。Neither you nor I am engineer,are we?你不是工程师，我也不是，对吗？13）陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代,主语从句,不定式,everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用 it。例如：Everything is ready,isnt it?一切就绪，是吗？14）陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a.并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。例如：Mr.Smith had been to Beijing for several times,and he should have been in China now,shouldnt he?史密斯先生曾几次去过北京，按理说他现在应该在中国，是吗？b.带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定。例如：He said they wanted to visit Japan,didnt he?他说他想去日本看看，他是那样说的吗？c.陈述部分主句为第一人称，谓语是 think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine 等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。例如：I dont think he is bright,is he?我认为他并不聪明，是吗？15）陈述部分主语是不定代词 everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one 等，疑问部分常用复数 they，有时也用单数he。例如：Everyone knows the answer,dont they?（does he?）人人都知道答案，是这样吧？Nobody knows about it,do they?（does he?）没人知道这件事，是吧？16）带情态动词 dare 或 need 的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need（dare）+主语。例如：We need not do it again,need we?我们不必重做一遍，是吗？He dare not say so,dare he?他不敢这样说，是吗？7 当 dare,need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词 do+主语。例如：She doesnt dare to go home alone,does she?她不敢独自回家，是吗？17）祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用 will you。例如：Dont do that again,will you?别再这样做，好吗？Go with me,will you/wont you?跟我走吧，好吗？注意：Lets 开头的祈使句，后用 shall we?Let us 开头的祈使句，后用 will you?Let me 开头的祈使句,后用”will you?,wont you?,may I?”例如：Lets go and listen to the music,shall we?一起去听音乐，好吗？Let us wait for you in the reading-room,will you?你让我们在阅览室等你，好吗？Let me help you,may I?18）陈述部分是there be结构的，疑问部分用 there 省略主语代词。例如：There is something wrong with your watch,isnt there?你的表有问题，对不对？There will not be any trouble,will there?不会有麻烦吧，是吗？19）must 在表推测时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。例如：He must be there now,isnt he?他现在肯定在那儿，是吧？It must be going to rain tomorrow,wont it?明天肯定要下雨，是吗？21)当陈述句前用so开头,反意疑问句用”同向疑问”方式 如:So you are getting married,are you?22.A is to B what C is to D A对B就像C对D一样10.高频词组高频词组agree8sb agree with sb 同意某人的话,意见 sth agree with sb 某物,某事适应某人 agree to sb 建议 agree on sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree up sth 在某一点上取得一致意见 agree to do sth 同意干某事 break vt.打破;损坏;破坏 We should all take a little break before dessert.吃甜点之前我们大家应该稍微休息一下。break down 机器坏了=go wrong 身体垮了/终止谈话/使健康、精神崩溃I had never seen a grown man break down and cry.我从未曾看到过一个这么强壮的汉子痛哭失声。break in 闯入,插话 break off 忽然停止讲话/断绝,结束/暂停工作,休息 break out(战争等)爆发;逃出(无被动式)break through 打破包围 break up 驱散,学校的放学 The police had to employ force to break up the crowd.警察不得不使用武力驱散人群。break away from 脱离,逃说,与.断绝来往/改变某种习惯 bring vt.拿来;带来;取来 Ill bring some of my pictures into the gallery.我就带一些我的摄影到艺廊来。bring about=cause,result in,lead to bring down 使倒下,使下降 bring force 使产生,引起 bring forward 提出建议=put forward/提前 9bring in=get in the pops/使得到某种收入 Mr.Li:Oh would you kindly allow me to bring in h would you kindly allow me to bring in the civet durian?It is the favorite of my sister.bring back to ones mind 使回想起 bring up sb 抚养某人 bring up sth 提出 bring up 呕吐 bring to an end 结束=come to an end call vt.叫喊;打电话给 Ill call the roll before class.课前我要点名。call on sb 拜访,号召 call at 访问(某人的家);(火车、船)停靠 call for 需要 And theres a phone call for you,Mr.Bennett.Bennett先生 有你的电话。call for sb 去接某人一起去做某事 call off 取消(计划,比赛)call out(call out+to sb.)大声地叫 call up sb 打电话 call in 请进来 Well call in a couple of days.我们两三天後打电话。carry vt.携带;运载;传送 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name.这是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carry out 进行到底,贯彻执行 4)Tomorrow,Sandra will carry out the garbage.明天珊多拉将会收拾垃圾的。carry out 是成就、完成的惯用语,但在此地,一看便知并非这种意思。可把它想象做从厨房把 garbage 运到外面去。carry on 进行下去,坚持下去 Another generation to carry on the Stewart name.这10是承继Stewart家族香火的新一代。carry away 拿走,入迷,被.吸引 carry forward 推进,发扬(精神)carry off 抢走,夺走/获得奖品 carry through 进行到底,完成计划 carry sb through 使.渡过难关 catch vt.捉;抓住 vi.接住 We didnt catch anything.我们什么也没有钓著。catch up 赶上 33.He shut himself away for a month to catch up on his academic work.他与世隔绝一个月,力图把功课赶上去。catch on 勾住,绊倒 catch at 想抓住 A drowning man will catch at a straw.溺水者见草也要抓;急何能择。be caught in the rain 被雨淋 catch up with 赶上某人,补上工作 clear a.清澈晰的 vt.清除 It is said it will clear up tonight.天气预报说今晚雨就会停。clear up(天气)转晴,澄清事实,整理收拾 It is said it will clear up tonight.天气预报说今晚雨就会停。clear away 清除掉,去掉,消散 clear off 消除(积雪)等障碍,把.拆掉,擦掉,清除 come vi.到到来;变得;到达 May I come in?我能进来吗？come across 偶然发现,偶然遇到 come on 快点(口),开始,到来,举行,走吧,一起去 Oh,come on now.噢 别这样了。come at 向.扑过来,向.袭击 7.We may come at another time.我们可以另找个11时间来。come down 倒下,(温度,价格)下降,病倒 come forward 涌现,主动地响应要求做某事 come in 进来,上市 And have you had an engineer come in to do an inspection?你们可有一个工程师来做过检查吗 come from 来自于 I come from Japan.我来自日本。come out 出来,出发,结果 Did Mitchell Johnsons review come out yet?Mitchell Johnson的评论出来了没有?come to 苏醒,总共,达到,得到谅解 When will he come to see you?他什么时候来看你？come up sb 走进 come up 种子生长发育,被提出 and Ill come up with something.我会想出个办法的。come to ones rescuers 帮助 come true 实现 I know,but its still a dream come true.我知道 但这终究是一个梦想实现了。cut v.割,切,削减,切断 they cut patches 剪下布块 cut sth in half 把.砍成两半 cut away 切除 He cut away a dead branch.他砍掉一根枯干的树枝。cut through 走近路,剌穿 cut down 砍倒,减少,压缩(开支)cut off 切断(关系,来往）,中止(电话,思维)3.He was cut off from his fellows.他和同伴失去联系。12cut out 删掉/改掉(恶习),停止 in a short cut 诀窍 do v.aux.助动词(无词意)What do you call this in English?这个用英语怎么说？do with 涉及到 What are you going to do with the books?你打算拿这些书怎么办？do up ones hair 盘起长发 do up sth 包/捆起来 do out 打扫,收拾 do away with=get rid of 废除,去掉,取消 die vi.死亡;枯死;熄灭 I will die before Ill eat that carrot.如果要我吃胡萝卜,我宁愿去死。dir from 因饥渴,战争,被污染的意外死亡 die off 因年老,疾病而死亡 die away 声音变弱,渐渐消失/停息,消失 die down 慢慢地熄灭(风,火)die out 熄灭,变弱,消失,灭绝(动物)fall vi.落下;跌倒;陷落 to fall 坠下,掉下 fall a sleep 去睡觉=go to sleep fall ill 病了 335.Be careful not to fall ill 注意不要生病了。fall across 遇见(偶然)fall back 后退,后撤 fall behind 落后,跟不上 fall in 集合/陷入 29.The necessary outcome of a war is a fall in production.战争带来的必然结果就是生产力下降。fall into 陷入+名词 A fall into a pit,a gain in your wit.吃一堑,长一智。fall off 减少,从.摔下来 to fall off a bench 从长椅上掉下来 fall on 看到,落在.上面 13fall short of 缺乏 fall out of 放弃 get vi.变得,成为;到达 When do you get up everyday?每天你几点起床？get about 到处走,消息的传开 Dont forget about the bet.别忘了打赌的事。get across 穿过,讲清楚使人了解,领会The children began to get across at each other.孩子们开始争吵了。get away 逃掉,离开,摆脱 1.I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。get down 从下来,写下来,记下来,病了/使某人不安 Its time to get down to business now.是进入正题的时候啦。get along with sth 进展得 get along with sb 相处 get in 进去,进站,收进来,收帐 Yeah.Yeah.Lets get in our lines.是啊 是啊。请排好位置。get off 离开,下车 You can take the bus and get off at the second stop.你可以坐公共汽车第二站下。get on 上车 157.Dont get on my nerves!（不要搅得我心烦。）get out 拔出,传开 I need to get out more.我需要多出门去。get over 克服(困难),从病中恢复过来,不接from Yes,I know,but hell get over it.是的 我知道 过一下就会好的。get around=spread 传开 get through 完成,通过,用完,从人群中通过,接通电话 11.It took us only a few minutes to get through the Customs.我们的海关检查只花了几分钟时间。get to 到达,抓住问题的要害,本质 Excuse me,how can I get to the bus station?对14不起,汽车站怎么走？get together 聚会,联欢 92.Lets get together one of these days.（找一天聚聚。）get in a word 策划 get into trouble 陷入 get rid off 摆脱,去掉 give vt.给出,赋予,发生 If you have more,please give me some.如果你有多的,请给我。give away 分发,赠送,颁发,背叛,出卖,暴露 give in 屈服 give off 放出(气体,光)Those flowers look pretty but dont give off a nice smell.这些花看似漂亮,但是气味并不好。give out 使人筋疲力尽 Some restaurants give out an odor that reaches to the street.一些餐厅里面的气味飘到了街上。odor 是指比 scent 更浓更清楚的味道。give up 放弃,停止做某事 He resolved to give up smoking 他决心戒烟。give over 让位于=give way to被取代 give away to 被取代 give rise to 引起,导致From mutual understanding,a comfortable situation has been creation.由于彼此的了解,因而建立了愉快的关系。create 除了创造以外,还有give rise to,cause的意思。go vi.离开;移动;运行 I have to go now.我必须走了。go bad 变坏;变酸;腐败 go red 变红 go hungry 挨饿 go wrong 出错;发生故障 go about 随便走/进行 33.Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer?请您告诉我怎样去联络律师？go after 追赶 go ahead 说吧,走吧,做吧(口语),走在前面 Good.now we can go 15ahead and write up the order.好极了,现在我们可以准备下单了。go at 从事于 go beyond 超出 It can go beyond the school system,Ellen.这可以推广到学校体制以外 Ellen。go by=pass 经过,过去 76.He let a week go by before answering the letter.他一周以后才回信。go down 下降 Ill go down to Henrys grocery.Hes always open.我到亨利杂货店去。那里总是开门营业的 go into 进入 Yes,youre right.After all,she is smart enough to go into business.是啊,你说的对。毕竟,她完全有经商才智。go off 消失,腐败,坏的 go out(火)熄灭,过时了,罢工 Why not go out for a walk?干吗不出去散步？go over 复习,检查 to go over to the construction site with me?去看一看建筑工地吗 go through 审阅/经历了(痛苦,困难),完成 Would you like to go through our factory some time?什么时候来看看我们的工厂吧？go up 提高,上涨(价格)I can go up to the lodge for some hot dogs and drinks.我可以到那边小屋去弄些热狗和饮料来。rise up 起来反抗 He that lies down(sleeps)with dogs must rise up with fleas.与恶人交终会变恶;近朱者赤,近墨者黑。go around 分配,传播,传开 OK,lets go around the table.好 让我们顺著桌子来。go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事 16go back to 追溯到 Ill work for 5 years and then go back to school.我会工作五年,然后会学校。go with 相配=match=go along with They had excepted me to go with them.他们原本希望我和他们一起去。go well with 协调 Salesgirl:Sure.We have both skirts and trousers that would go well with the sweater.Look to this section.女店员：当然。我们有裙子和长裤都可以配那件毛衣。看看这边。go too far 太过分了,走太远了 hold vt.怀有,持有(见解等)No,the restaurant will hold our table.不会 餐厅会保留我们的席位。hold up 主持,耽搁,延误,继续下去,拿起 hold back 阻挡,忍住,保留,隐瞒 hold down 控制,镇压=put down hold off 延误,保持距离,使疏远 hold on 坚持下去,停止,别挂(电话)He gave them to me to hold on to them 他给我戒指 要我自己保管 hold out 坚持到胜利,支持,维持,伸出 hold to 坚持某个看法（路线）,紧紧地抓住 OK,hold to the right.好 在右边停住。hunt vt.追猎;追赶 vi.打猎 He that will have a hare to breakfast must hunt overnight.早餐想吃野兔肉,头晚就须去捕捉。hunt for 寻找 hunt out 找出来 hunt throw 翻找 keep vt.保存,保持;留住 We keep in touch with each other by Email since he left 17China.他离开中国以后,我们用Email保持联系。keep to 坚持某种习惯,遵循,靠(左右)In England traffic must keep to the left.在英国,车辆必须靠左行驶。keep back 留在后面,阻止,忍住 keep down 控制,下降,缩减开支 keep off 避开,远离,让开 keep out 使其等在外面,不让进入 keep up 保持,维持,鼓足勇气 keep sb from doing 阻止某人做某事 keep sth from sb 把某事瞒着某人 keep up with 跟上 knock vi.&vt.&n.敲,击,打 Why dont you knock it off?为什么不把它关掉？knock into sb 撞到某人身上;偶然遇到 knock sth down 降低价格,拆除,缩减开支 knock off 下班,停工,很快地写出文章 knock sb up 匆匆做饭,敲门把某人叫醒,使某人疲倦 knock at 敲(门)6.Yhere was a knock at the door.It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.（有人敲门,那是那天晚上打扰我的第二个。）knock sb up 把某人叫醒 know vt.知道;认识;通晓 Do you know where Ive put my glasses?你知道我把眼镜搁哪儿了吗？know about 了解,知道情况 How much do you know about the works of George Eliot?乔治艾略特的作品你知道多少？know of 听说,知道为什么 be know for sth 以.出名 as known to all 众所周知 l