英语中四大复合结构.docx

英语中有四大复合构造：

1. 动词不定式的复合构造 ( for sb to do sth )

Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)

2. 动名词的复合构造 〔 sb’s / sb doing sth 〕

His being late again made the teacher angry. 〔他迟到〕

Would you mind my / me smoking here (我抽烟)

动名词复合构造不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词〞。

以上两种构造中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个构造中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。

3. 独立主格构造 (主格名词或代词+补足成分)

The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)

She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. 〔形容词〕

Sword in hand, the man came at me. 〔介词短语〕

独立主格构造在句子中做状语，表原因或伴随状态。

4. 复合宾语 〔宾语+宾语补足语〕

His speech made us laugh. 〔不定式〕

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. 〔介词短语〕

I want the house painted white. 〔分词〕

Don’t keep the lights on all the night. 〔副词。这类副词还有：here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等〕

We consider him one of our best friends. 〔名词〕

We found the movie wonderful. 〔形容词〕

能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类：

〔1〕. 感官类，如：see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等

〔2〕. 意识类，如：believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等

〔3〕. 使动类，如：keep, leave; make, have, let 等

除动词可以接复合宾语外，介词with也可以接复合宾语，在句子中做状语和定语。

The farmers found some stone with writing on it. 〔定语〕

With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop. 〔状语〕

与动词一样，With复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种构造来充当。
英语语法With的复合构造用的较多,以下是用法:
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立构造，也可用with的复合构造。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.