必修一Unit1语法直接引语转化为间接引语.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,人教课标,高一 必修,1,Unit 1,She said that,her name was Anne Frank and her family was Jewish.,My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.,My family and I are hiding in Amsterdam.,She said that,she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.,My only true friend is Kittymy diary.,She said that,her only true friend was Kittyher diary.,After hiding here for a long time,Ive become crazy about nature.,She said that,after hiding there for a long time,she had become crazy about nature.,Anne said:,“My name is Anne Frank and my family is Jewish.”,(Direct speech),She said that,she and her family were hiding in Amsterdam.,(Indirect speech),引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式,:,一是原封,不动地引用原话,把它放在引号内,这叫直接,引语,(Direct speech);,一是用自己的话加以转,述,这叫间接引语,(Indirect speech),。,直接引语和间接引语可分为三大类：,1）陈述句,3）祈使句,2）疑问句（一般疑问句、,特殊疑问句）,*还包括：,感叹句,Grammar:Direct and Indirect Speech(1),转述他人的陈述陈述句,She,asked,me,what,I,was,doing.,1)He said,“Im going to Beijing.”,He said,that,he,was,going to Beijing.,2)He asked,“Are you a teacher?”,He asked me,if/whether,I,was,a doctor.,3)She said,“What are you doing?”,2.,转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3.,转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,解题步骤,:,1.,陈述句,:,“I dont like computers,”,Sarah said to her friends,.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,said,didnt,she,Sarah said to her friends,that,she didnt like,computers.,Sarah,1.“,I,like,reading stories,”said John.,John,said,that,he liked,reading stories.,2.“,I,dont,like cars,”Sarah said to him.,Sarah,told,him that,she didnt,like cars.,2.,直接引语转变为间接引语时，人称要进行相应变化；且主句动词为一般过去时时，,从句动词时态应为过去时的相应时态。,直接引语里的第一人称和第二人称，变间,接引语时，人称要做相应调整。,1.She said,“I am hungry.”,She said,she,was hungry.,2.Mum said to me,“You can do it yourself.”,Mum,told me,that,I,could do it,myself.,3.Mr.Smith said,“He is a good worker.,Mr.Smith said that,he,was a good worker.,1.,人称的变化,1.Jack said to me,“,You,look worried today.”,Jack told me that _ looked worried that day.,2.We said to her,“,They,re cleaning the room.”,We told her that _ were cleaning the room.,3.Mr.Black said,“,I,have walked a long way.”,Mr.Black said that _ had walked a long way.,I,they,he,2.,时态变化,直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。,He,says,“I,treat,you as my son.”,He,says,that,he,treats,me as his son.,1.,主句为一般现在时,现在完成时或一般将来时的时候,间接引语时态不变。,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),一般现在时,“,I,know,it,”he said.,一般过去时,He said he,knew,it.,2.,当主句为过去时,从句要跟着相应的变化。,现在进行时,“,I,m,making coffee for you all,”she said.,过去进行时,She said she,was,making coffee for us all.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),现在完成时,“,I,have seen,her before,”said he.,过去完成时,He said he,had seen,her before.,现在完成进行时,He said,“I,have been,doing,it for hours.”,过去完成进行时,He said he,had been,doing,it for hours.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),一般过去时,“,I,saw,her last Monday,”he said.,过去完成时,He said he,had seen,her the previous Monday.,过去进行时,“,I,was waiting,for Jim,”she said.,过去完成进行时,She said,she had been waiting,for Jim.,直接引语,(,变化前,),间接引语,(,变化后,),一般将来时,He said:“We,shall,start tomorrow.”,过去将来时,He said they,would,start the next day.,过去完成时,“,Rick,had been,ill for many days till he died.”Jack said.,过去完成时,Jack said Rick,had been,ill for many days till he died.,一般现在时,现在完成时,现在进行时,一般将来时,一般过去时,一般,过去,时,过去,完成时,过去,进行时,过去,将来时,过去,完成时,过去完成时,过去进行时,不变,1.“It,is,really cold,”she said to me.,She,told,me that it _ really cold.,was,2.“I,dont,want to go there with Alice,”said Tom.,Tom said that he _ want to go there with Alice.,didnt,3.The boy said,“I,will,be,a pilot.”,The boy said that he _ a pilot.”,would be,4.Tom said,“We,are listening to,music.”,Tom said that they _ music.,were listening to,5.Mike said,“I,have finished,my homework.”,Mike said _ his homework.,he had finished,直接引语,间接引语,时 间 状 语,now,today,this week,yesterday,last week,four days,ago,tomorrow,next month,the day after tomorrow,the day before yesterday,then,that day,that week,the day before,the week before,four days,before,the next day,the next month,in two days time,two days before,3.,其他变化,He said,“I lost a key,here,yesterday,.”,He said that he had lost a key,there,the,day before/the previous day,.,“I read the book,here,a week ago,”Jane said to him.,Jane told him that she had read the book,there,a week before/earlier,.,d,.Change adverbials of time,and place,直接引语,间接引语,指示代词,地点状语,方向性动词,this,that,these,those,here,there,come,go,bring,take,She said,“Ill,come here,again tonight.”,She said she would,go there,again that night.,He said,“I want,this,.”,He said that he wanted,that,.,May said to Tom,“Ill,bring,some photos,here,to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would,take,some photos,there,to him the next day.,直接引语中的助动词,间接引语中的助动词,shall,should,should,Should,（不变）,will,would,would,Would,（不变）,may,might,might,Might,（不变）,can,could,could,Could,（不变）,must,Must/had to,一般疑问句,He said,“Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?”,He,asked,(me),whether,/,if,I had any difficulty with my pronunciation.,He said,“You are interested in English,arent you?”,He asked whether I was interested in English.,间接引语用连词,whether,或,if,引导，原主句中谓语动词,said,要改为,asked(me/him/us,等,),，语序是陈述句的语序,1.,一般疑问句,:,Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?,(,They asked him,),They,asked,him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it,is,easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him,if,it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,2.,特殊疑问句,He said to me,，“,Whats your name?”,He asked me what my name was.,He asked us,“How many car factories have been built in your country?”,He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用,ask(sb,.),来表达，语序改为陈述句语序,3.,特殊疑问句：,When do you harvest the wheat?,(,They asked him,),They asked him,When,you harvest the wheat,you,harvest,the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when,he harvested,the wheat.,3.,选择疑问句,He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”,He asked me whether I spoke English or French.,I asked,“Will you take bus or take train?”,I asked him whether he would take bus or take train.,用,whether,or,表达，而不用,if,or,，也不用,either,or,疑问句变为间接引语时,除了要把疑问语序改为,陈述语序,由,whether/if,或特殊疑问词引导外,人称、时态和状语,等也要作相应地变化,。,1.“I dont know the address of my new home,”said Anne.,Anne,said,that she,didnt know,the address of,her,new home.,2.“Ive got tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows,”Anne said to her father.,Anne,told,her father that,she had got,tired of looking at nature through dirty curtains and dusty windows.,3.“I need to pack up my things in the suitcase very quickly,”the girl said.,4.“Why did you choose your diary and old letters?”her father asked her.,The girl,said,that,she needed,to pack up,her,things in the suitcase very quickly.,Her father asked her why she chose/,had chosen,her,diary and old letters.,5.Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.,6.Margot asked her what else she had hidden under her overcoat.,“,Are you,very hot with so many clothes on?”Mother asked/said to her.,“What else,have you hidden,under,your,overcoat?”Margot asked her.,7.Anne asked her father when they would go back home.,8.Father asked Anne why she had talked so much to that boy.,“,When,shall we,go back home?”Anne asked her father.,“,Why,did you,talk so much to,that,boy?”Father asked Anne.,由直接引语转变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变,:,The teacher said that water,freezes,when the temperature,falls,below 0,.,The teacher said,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0,.”,1.,不变的真理,2.,经常的习惯：,He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”,He told the doctor that he,smokes,two packs every day.,3.,直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用：,The teacher said,“The baby was born in 2010.”,The teacher said the baby,was born,in 2010.,时态的变化：,1.,当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的时候，从句动词时态不变。,1)She often says,“All men and women are equal under the law.”,变为：,She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.,2)“You did very well,”I have just told Tom.,变为：,I have just told Tom that he did very well.,4.,部分情态动词,如,:,must,ought to,used to,had better,等。,She said to me,“You must hurry up.”,She said that I must hurry up.,如果在当地转述,here,不必改为,there,动词,come,不必改为,go,。如果在当天转述,yesterday/tomorrow,等时间状语也不必改变。,A:You neednt come here tomorrow.,B:What did she say?,C:She said that you neednt come here,tomorrow.,Exercises:,1.He said,“I m afraid I cant finish this work.”,2.He said,“I havent heard from him since May.”,3.Tom said“I will see you next week.”,He said that he was afraid he couldnt finish that work,.,He said that he,hadnt heard,from him since May.,Tom said that he,would,see me,the,next week.,4.“Why were you late again?”The teacher said to me.,5.“I dont like swimming,”said Sarah.,6.His friends asked him if he would go to Dalian.,7.“Have you been to Paris?”My classmate asked me.,The teacher asked me,why I was,late again,.,Sarah said she,didnt,like swimming,.,His friends asked him,“,Will,you go to Dalian?”,My classmate asked me,if I had,been to Paris.,1.The teacher asked the girl,“Why are,you crying here?”,The teacher asked the girl _ _ _ crying _.,2.“When will the plane take off?”I wondered.,I wondered _ _ _ _ _ _.,why she,was,there,when the plane would take,off,3.“Have you seen our plane yourself?”he asked the boy.,He asked the boy _ _ _ _ _ plane _.,whether he had,seen their himself,4.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”,The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.,whether,rises,.,单项填空,1.Tom told his teacher that he,born in 1980.,A.was,B.had been,C.is,D.has been,【,解析,】,选,A,。出生是客观事实，变为间接引语时时态不变。故选,A,。,2.The child asked his mother,go out to play tennis.,2011,潍坊高一检测,A.that he could,B.if he could,C.if could he,D.that could be,【,解析,】,选,B,。直接引语若为一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，常用,if,或,whether,来引导，且从句中用陈述句语序。,3.The teacher said the earth,around the sun.,A.is moving,B.had moved,C.moved,D.moves,【,解析,】,选,D,。间接引语,the earth moves around the sun,是一个客观事实，变为宾语从句时时态不变。,4.Mike said he would come back to China,.,A.tomorrow,B.next day,C.the next day,D.the day before,【,解析,】,选,C,。直接引语变间接引语时,tomorrow,要改为,the next day,yesterday,要变成,the day before;,由,would,可判断答案为,C,。,5.My cousin told me that she,for the United States the week,.,2011,临沂高一检测,A.has left;ago,B.had left;ago,C.left;ago,D.had left;before,【,解析,】,选,D,。间接引语中应用,before,而不用,ago,，由此可排除,A,、,B,、,C,三项。由于“,leave”,发生在“,told”,之前故应用过去完成时。,6.He said that he had,there 10 minutes before,A,gone,B,come,C,went,D,going,【,解析,】,选,A,。直接引语变间接引语时，从句中的谓语动词,come(here,),要改为,go(there,),。,7.I asked him,he would stay at home or go out for hiking.,A.that,B.whether,C.if,D./,【,解析,】,选,B,。直接引语如果是选择疑问句，变间接引语时选择疑问句变为由,whether.or.,引导的宾语从句，而不用,if.or.,引导宾语从句。该句直接引语为：,I asked him,“Will you stay at home or go out for hiking?”,8.She said,was the best present she had ever received.,A.that,B.this,C.one,D.whether,【,解析,】,选,A,。直接引语变间接引语时，指示代词,this,要改为,that,。,9.The old man asked me,with my bike.,A.what the matter is,B.what the matter was,C.whats the matter,D.what was the matter,【,解析,】,选,D,。,Whats the matter with,sb,.?,某人怎么了？本身就是陈述句语序。主句时态为过去时，故从句也应用过去时。,10.She,said,“English,is my favorite subject.”,She said that English was,favorite subject,A.my,B.a,C.his,D.her,【,解析,】,选,D,。考查直接引语变为间接引语后人称的变化。本题应把,my,变为,her,，与主语,she,保持一致。,Review the rules of direct,speech and indirect speech.,