ISO IEC IEEE 15939-2017（原版可复制）.pdf

Systems and software engineering Measurement processIngnierie des systmes et du logiciel Processus de mesureINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC/IEEE15939Reference numberISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)First edition2017-04 ISO/IEC 2017 IEEE 2017 ii ISO/IEC/IEEE 2017 All rights reservedISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017,Published in Switzerland IEEE 2017Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedotherwiseinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,orpostingontheinternetoranintranet,withoutpriorwrittenpermission.PermissioncanberequestedfromeitherISOorIEEEattheaddressbeloworISOsmemberbodyinthecountryofthe requester.ISOcopyrightofficeInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,IncCh.de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 3 Park Avenue,New YorkCH-1214 Vernier,Geneva,Switzerland NY 10016-5997,USATel.+41 22 749 01 11 Fax[phone] copyrightiso.orgstds.iprieee.orgwww.iso.org www.ieee.orgISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved iii This document was developed under the Partner Standards Development Organization cooperation agreement between ISO and IEEE,as approved by Council Resolution 49/2007,and is submitted to a parallel approval vote by the ISO/IEC national bodies and IEEE.Positive votes shall not be accompanied by comments.Negative votes shall be accompanied by the relevant technical reasons.InaccordancewiththeprovisionsofCouncilResolution21/1986,thisdocumentiscirculated in the English language only.ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)ivISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved Contents Page 1 Scope.12 Normative references.13 Terms and definitions.14 Conformance.64.1 Intended usage.64.2 Tailoring this document.64.3 Full conformance to outcomes.64.4 Full conformance to tasks.64.5 Tailored conformance.75 Application of this document.76 Measurement Process.106.1 Purpose.106.2 Outcomes.106.3 Activities and Tasks.106.3.1 Establish and sustain measurement commitment.106.3.2 Prepare for measurement.116.3.3 Perform measurement.156.3.4 Evaluate measurement.17Annex A(informative)The measurement information model.19A.1 General.19A.2 Model description.20A.2.1 Entity.20A.2.2 Attribute.20A.2.3 Base measure.20A.2.4 Derived measure.21A.2.5 Indicator.21A.2.6 Measurable concept.22A.3 Examples.22A.3.1 A productivity example.22A.3.2 A quality example.23A.3.3 A project progress example.24Annex B(informative)Measurement process information items and records.26Annex C(informative)Example criteria for selecting measures.28Annex D(informative)Example criteria for evaluating an information product.30D.1 General.30D.2 Use of information products.30D.3 Confidence in an information product.30D.4 Evidence of fitness for purpose of an information product.30D.5 Understandability of information products.31D.6 Satisfaction of the assumptions of an indicator model.31D.7 Accuracy of a measurement procedure.31D.8 Repeatability of a measurement method.32D.9 Reproducibility of a measurement method.32Annex E(informative)Example criteria for evaluating the performance of the measurement process.33E.1 General.33E.2 Timeliness.33E.3 Efficiency.33E.4 Defect containment.33ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved v E.5 Customer satisfaction.33E.6 Process compliance.33Annex F(informative)Example elements of measurement planning.34Annex G(informative)Guidelines for reporting information items.35List of Figures Figure 1Measurement process model.9Figure A.1 Key relationships in the measurement information model.19Figure A.2 Measurement construct for“productivity”.23Figure A.3 Measurement construct for“quality”.24Figure A.4 Measurement construct for“progress”.25Figure B.1 Information items and records of measurement activities.27ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)viISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved Foreword ISO(the International Organization for Standardization)and IEC(the International ElectrotechnicalCommission)formthespecializedsystemforworldwidestandardization.NationalbodiesthataremembersofISOorIECparticipateinthedevelopmentofInternationalStandardsthroughtechnicalcommitteesestablishedby the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.ISO and IEC technicalcommitteescollaborateinfieldsofmutualinterest.Otherinternationalorganizations,governmentalandnongovernmental,inliaisonwithISOandIEC,alsotakepartinthework.Inthefieldofinformationtechnology,ISOandIEChaveestablishedajointtechnicalcommittee,ISO/IECJTC1.IEEEStandardsdocumentsaredevelopedwithintheIEEESocietiesandtheStandardsCoordinatingCommitteesof the IEEE Standards Association(IEEESA)Standards Board.The IEEE develops its standards through aconsensusdevelopmentprocess,approvedbytheAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,whichbringstogethervolunteers representing varied viewpoints and interests to achieve the final product.Volunteers are notnecessarilymembersoftheInstituteandservewithoutcompensation.WhiletheIEEEadministerstheprocessand establishes rules to promote fairness in the consensus development process,the IEEE does notindependentlyevaluate,test,orverifytheaccuracyofanyoftheinformationcontainedinitsstandards.InternationalStandardsaredraftedinaccordancewiththerulesgivenintheISO/IECDirectives,Part2.Attentioniscalledtothepossibilitythatimplementationofthisstandardmayrequiretheuseofsubjectmattercoveredbypatentrights.Bypublicationofthisstandard,nopositionistakenwithrespecttotheexistenceorvalidity of any patent rights in connection therewith.ISO/IEC and IEEE are not responsible for identifyingessentialpatentsorpatentclaimsforwhichalicensemayberequired,forconductinginquiriesintothelegalvalidityorscopeofpatentsorpatentclaimsordeterminingwhetheranylicensingtermsorconditionsprovidedinconnectionwithsubmissionofaLetterofAssuranceoraPatentStatementandLicensingDeclarationForm,ifany,orinanylicensingagreementsarereasonableornondiscriminatory.Usersofthisstandardareexpresslyadvisedthatdeterminationofthevalidityofanypatentrights,andtheriskofinfringementofsuchrights,isentirely their own responsibility.Further information may be obtained from ISO or the IEEE StandardsAssociation.ISO/IEC15939 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IECJTC1,Information technology,SubcommitteeSC7,Systems and software engineering,incooperationwiththeSoftware&SystemsEngineeringStandardsCommitteeoftheIEEEComputerSociety,underthePartnerStandardsDevelopmentOrganizationcooperationagreementbetweenISOandIEEE.ThisfirsteditioncancelsandreplacesISO/IEC15939:2007,whichhasbeenrevisedtoalignwithrevisionsofISO/IEC/IEEE15288:2015.ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved vii Introduction Measurement supports the management and improvement of processes and products.Measurement is aprimarytoolformanagingsystemandsoftwarelifecycleactivities,assessingthefeasibilityofprojectplans,andmonitoringtheadherenceofprojectactivitiestothoseplans.Systemandsoftwaremeasurementisalsoakeydisciplineinevaluatingthequalityofproductsandthecapabilityoforganizationalprocesses.Itisbecomingincreasingly important in twoparty business agreements,where it provides a basis for specification,management,andacceptancecriteria.Continualimprovementrequireschangewithintheorganization.Evaluationofchangerequiresmeasurement.Measurementitselfdoesnotinitiatechange.Measurementshouldleadtoactionandnotbeemployedpurelytoaccumulatedata.Measurementsshouldhaveaclearlydefinedpurpose.Thisdocumentdefinesameasurementprocessapplicabletosystemandsoftwareengineeringandmanagementdisciplines.Theprocessisdescribedthroughamodelthatdefinestheactivitiesofthemeasurementprocessthatarerequiredtoadequatelyspecifywhatmeasurementinformationisrequired,howthemeasuresandanalysisresultsaretobeapplied,andhowtodetermineiftheanalysisresultsarevalid.Themeasurementprocessisflexible,tailorable,andadaptabletotheneedsofdifferentusers.Themeasurementprocessdefinedinthisdocument,whilewrittenforsystemandsoftwaredomains,canbeappliedinotherdomains.Thepurposeofthisdocumentistodescribetheactivitiesandtasksthatarenecessarytosuccessfullyidentify,define,select,apply and improve measurement within an overall project or organizational measurementstructure.Italsoprovidesdefinitionsformeasurementtermscommonlyusedwithinthesystemandsoftwaredisciplines.Thisdocumentdoesnotcatalogmeasures,nordoesitprovidearecommendedsetofmeasurestoapplyonprojects.Itdoesidentifyaprocessthatsupportsdefiningasuitablesetofmeasuresthataddressesspecificinformationneeds.This document is intended to be used by suppliers and acquirers.Suppliers include personnel performingmanagement,technicalandqualitymanagementfunctionsinsystemandsoftwaredevelopment,maintenance,integrationandproductsupportorganizations.Acquirersincludepersonnelperformingmanagement,technicalandqualitymanagementfunctionsinprocurementanduserorganizations.Thefollowingareexamplesofhowthisdocumentcanbeused:byasuppliertoimplementameasurementprocesstoaddressspecificprojectororganizationalinformationrequirements;byanacquirer(orthirdpartyagents)forevaluatingconformanceofthesuppliersmeasurementprocesstothisdocument;byanacquirer(orthirdpartyagents)toimplementameasurementprocesstoaddressspecifictechnicalandprojectmanagementinformationrequirementsrelatedtotheacquisition;in a contract between an acquirer and a supplier as a method for defining the process and productmeasurementinformationtobeexchanged.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC/IEEE 15989:2017(E)Systems and software engineering Measurement process 1 Scope This document establishes a common process and framework for measurement of systems and software.Itdefinesaprocessandassociatedterminologyfromanengineeringviewpoint.Theprocesscanbeappliedtotheprojectandproductsacrossthelifecycle.Themeasurementprocesscanbeappliedthroughoutthelifecycletoaidtheplanning,managing,assessing,anddecisionmakinginallstagesofasystemorsoftwarelifecycle.Thisdocumentalsoprovidesactivitiesthatsupportthedefinition,controlandimprovementofthemeasurementprocessusedwithinanorganizationoraproject.This document does not assume or prescribe an organizational model for measurement.The user of thisdocumentdecides,forexample,whetheraseparatemeasurementfunctionisnecessarywithintheorganizationandwhetherthemeasurementfunctionshouldbeintegratedwithinindividualprojectsoracrossprojects,basedonthecurrentorganizationalstructure,cultureandprevailingconstraints.Thisdocumentdoesnotprescribeaspecificsetofmeasures,method,modelortechnique.Theusersofthisdocumentareresponsibleforselectingasetofmeasuresfortheprojectanddefiningtheapplicationofthosemeasuresacrosstheprocess,products,andotherelementsofthelifecycle.Thepartiesarealsoresponsibleforselectingandapplyingappropriatemethods,models,toolsandtechniquessuitablefortheproject.This document is not intended to prescribe the name,format,explicit content,or recording media of theinformationitemstobeproduced.Thisdocumentdoesnotimplythatdocumentsbepackagedorcombinedinsomefashion.Thesedecisionsarelefttotheuserofthisdocument.ISO/IEC/IEEE15289addressesthecontentforlifecycleprocessinformationitems(documentation).Themeasurementprocessissupposedtobeappropriatelyintegratedwiththeorganizationalqualitysystem.Notallaspectsofinternalauditsandnoncompliancereportingarecoveredexplicitlyinthisdocumentastheyareassumedtobeinthedomainofthequalitysystem.Thisdocumentisnotintendedtoconflictwithanyorganizationalpolicies,standardsorproceduresthatarealreadyinplace.However,anyconflictshouldberesolvedandanyoverridingconditionsandsituationsneedtobecitedinwritingasexceptionstotheapplicationofthisdocument.2 Normative references Therearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.3 Terms and definitions Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISO,IECandIEEEmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinstandardizationatthefollowingaddresses:IECElectropedia:availableathttp:/www.electropedia.org/ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttp:/www.iso.org/obpIEEEStandardsDictionaryOnline:availableathttp:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/dictionary.jspNOTEDefinitionsforothertermstypicallycanbefoundinISO/IEC/IEEE24765,availableat.ISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)2 ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved 3.1 acquirer stakeholderthatacquiresorprocuresaproductorservicefromasupplierNote1toentry:Other terms commonly used for an acquirer are buyer,customer,owner,purchaser orinternal/organizationalsponsor.SOURCE:ISO/IEC/IEEE15288:20153.2 attribute property or characteristic of an entity that can be distinguished quantitatively or qualitatively by human orautomatedmeans3.3 base measure measuredefinedintermsofanattributeandthemethodforquantifyingitNote1toentry:Abasemeasureisfunctionallyindependentofothermeasures.Note2toentry:Based on the definition of“base quantity”in the International Vocabulary of Metrology Basic andGeneralConceptsandAssociatedTerms,2012.3.4 data collectionofvaluesassignedtobasemeasures,derivedmeasuresorindicators3.5 data provider individualororganizationthatisasourceofdata3.6 data store organizedandpersistentcollectionofdataandinformationthatallowsforitsretrieval3.7 decision criteria thresholds,targets,orpatternsusedtodeterminetheneedforactionorfurtherinvestigation,ortodescribethelevelofconfidenceinagivenresult3.8 derived measure measurethatisdefinedasafunctionoftwoormorevaluesofbasemeasuresNote1toentry:Adaptedfromthedefinitionof“derivedquantity”intheInternationalVocabularyofMetrologyBasicandGeneralConceptsandAssociatedTerms,2012.3.9 entity objectthatistobecharacterizedbymeasuringitsattributesNote1toentry:Anentitycanbeaprocess,product,projectorresource.3.10 indicator measurethatprovidesanestimateorevaluationofspecifiedattributesderivedfromamodelwithrespecttodefinedinformationneeds3.11 indicator value numericalorcategoricalresultassignedtoanindicatorISO/IEC/IEEE 15939:2017(E)ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsreserved 3 3.12 information need insightnecessarytomanageobjectives,goals,risksandproblems3.13 information product oneormoreindicatorsandtheirassociatedinterpretationsthataddressaninformationneedEXAMPLEAcomparisonofameasureddefectratetoplanneddefectratealongwithanassessmentofwhetherornotthedifferenceindicatesaproblem.3.14 measurable concept abstractrelationshipbetweenattributesofentitiesandinformationneeds3.15 measure,noun variabletowhichavalueisassignedastheresultofmeasurementNote1toentry:The plural form“measures”is used to refer collectively to base measures,derived measures andindicators.3.16 measure,verb makeameasurementSOURCE:ISO/IEC25000:20143.17 measurement setofoperationshavingtheobjectofdeterminingavalueofameasureNote1toentry:AdaptedfromtheInternationalVocabularyofMetrologyBasicandGeneralConceptsandAssociatedTerms,2012.3.18 measurement analyst individual or organization that is responsible for the planning,performance,evaluation and improvement ofmeasurement3.19 measurement experience base datastorethatcontainstheevaluationoftheinformationproductsandthemeasurementprocessaswellasanylessonslearnedduringthemeasurementprocess3.20 measurement function algorit