1、Systems and software engineering VocabularyIngnierie des systmes et du logiciel VocabulaireINTERNATIONAL STANDARDISO/IEC/IEEE24765Reference numberISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)Second edition2017-09 ISO/IEC 2017 IEEE 2017 ISO/IEC 2017 All rights reservedii IEEE 2017 All rights reservedISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:
2、2017(E)COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO/IEC 2017,Published in Switzerland IEEE 2017Allrightsreserved.Unlessotherwisespecified,nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedorutilizedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandmicrofilm,withoutpermissioninwritingfromISO,IECorIEEEatth
3、e respective address below.ISOcopyrightofficeInstituteofElectricalandElectronicsEngineers,IncCh.de Blandonnet 8 CP 401 3 Park Avenue,New YorkCH-1214 Vernier,Geneva,Switzerland NY 10016-5997,USATel.+41 22 749 01 11 Fax+41 22 749 09 47 copyrightiso.orgstds.iprieee.orgwww.iso.orgwww.ieee.orgISO/IEC/IEE
4、E 24765:2017(E)iiiISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedContents Page Foreword.viIntroduction.viii1Scope.11.1General.11.2Relationship of the print and internet-accessible versions.11.3Vocabulary structure.11.4PMI Glossary provisions.22Normative references.23Terms,definitions,and abbre
5、viated terms.2Annex A(informative)List of References.516Bibliography.517 ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)ivISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedList of Figures Figure 1 Activity group.10Figure 2 Bathtub curve.43Figure 3 Block diagram.47Figure 4 Box Diagram.50Figure 5 Bubble chart.52Figure
6、6 Call graph.57Figure 7 Case construct.59Figure 8 Category.60Figure 9 Data flow diagram.116Figure 10 Data structure diagram.119Figure 11 Directed graph.140Figure 12 Documentation tree.144Figure 13 Flowchart.186Figure 14 If-then-else construct.213Figure 15 Input-process-output chart.227Figure 16 Modi
7、fication request.281Figure 17 Structure chart.443Figure 18 UNTIL construct.491Figure 19 Waterfall model.509Figure 20 Website.510Figure 21 WHILE construct.511ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)vISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)viISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE201
8、7AllrightsreservedForeword ISO(theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization)andIEC(theInternationalElectrotechnicalCommission)formthe specialized system for worldwide standardization.National bodies thatare members of ISOor IECparticipate in the development of International Standards through techn
9、ical committees established by therespective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity.ISO and IEC technical committeescollaborateinfieldsofmutualinterest.Otherinternationalorganizations,governmentalandnongovernmental,inliaisonwithISOandIEC,alsotakepartinthework.Inthefieldofi
10、nformationtechnology,ISOandIEChaveestablishedajointtechnicalcommittee,ISO/IECJTC1.IEEEStandardsdocumentsaredevelopedwithintheIEEESocietiesandtheStandardsCoordinatingCommitteesof the IEEE Standards Association(IEEESA)Standards Board.The IEEE develops its standards through aconsensusdevelopmentprocess
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17、eavailableforusesubjecttoimportant notices and legal disclaimers(see http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html for moreinformation).Foranexplanationonthevoluntarynatureofstandards,themeaningofISOspecifictermsandexpressionsrelatedtoconformityassessment,aswellasinformationaboutISOsadherencetotheWo
18、rldTradeOrganization(WTO)principlesintheTechnicalBarrierstoTrade(TBT)seethefollowingURLwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.ThisdocumentwaspreparedbyTechnicalCommitteeISO/IECJTC1,Information technology,SC7,Software and systems engineering,incooperationwiththeIEEEComputerSocietySystemsandSoftwareEngineering
19、StandardsCommittee,underthePartnerStandardsDevelopmentOrganizationcooperationagreementbetweenISOandIEEE.CertainmaterialcontainedinISO/IEC/IEEE24765isreproduced,withpermission,fromA Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge(PMBOK)Guide Fifth Edition,copyright2013,ProjectManagementInstitute.Th
20、issecondeditioncancelsandreplacesthefirstedition(ISO/IEC/IEEE24765:2010),andhasbeeneditoriallyrevised.Revisions in terms and definitions published in this second edition have been previously approvedthroughthevocabularymaintenanceproceduresofISO/IECJTC1/SC7,incooperationwiththeIEEEComputerSociety.Th
21、eserevisionshavebeenmadeavailablethroughtheonlinevocabularydatabaseusedforthisstandard,maintained by the ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC7/SWG 22 Vocabulary Validation Team in cooperation with the IEEEComputerSputer.org/sevocabISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)viiISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedISO/IEC
22、/IEEE 24765:2017(E)viiiISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedIntroduction The systems and software engineering disciplines are continuing to mature while information technologyadvances.New terms are being generated and new meanings are being adopted for existing terms.Thisdocumentwasp
23、reparedtocollectandstandardizeterminology.Itspurposeistoidentifytermscurrently inuse in the field and standard definitions for these terms.It is intended to serve as a usefulreferenceforthose in the Information Technology field,and to encourage the use of systems and softwareengineeringstandardsprep
24、aredbyISO/IECJTC1andliaison organizationsIEEEComputerSocietyandProjectManagementInstitute(PMI).Itprovidesdefinitionsthatarerigorous,uncomplicated,andunderstandablebyallconcerned.Whileitisusefultofindthemeaningofaterm,nowordstandsinisolation.Thisdocumentmakesitpossibletosearchforrelatedconceptsandtov
25、iewhowatermisusedindefinitionsofotherterms.EveryefforthasbeenmadetousedefinitionsfromestablishedsystemsandsoftwareengineeringstandardsofISO JTC 1/SC 7 and its liaison organizations IEEE Computer Society and the PMI.When existingstandardswere found to be incomplete,unclear or inconsistent with other
26、entries in the vocabulary,however,new,revised,orcompositedefinitionshavebeendeveloped.Somedefinitionshavebeenrecastinasystem,ratherthansoftware,context.Thevocabularyisofferedinbothprintandinternetaccessibleversionsforeaseofreferenceandtoencourageuseofthesourcestandardsforthevocabulary.Theonlinevocab
27、ularydatabaseusedforthisstandardismaintainedbytheISO/IECJTC1/SC7/SWG22VocabularyValidationTeamincooperationwiththeIEEEComputerSputer.org/sevocabINTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)1ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedSystems and software engineering Vocabulary 1 Scope 1
28、.1 General ConsistentwithISOvocabularystandards,eachtechnicalcommitteeisresponsibleforstandardterminologyinitsarea of specialization.This document provides a common vocabulary applicable to all systems and softwareengineeringworkfallingwithinthescopeofISO/IECJTC1/SC7,Software and systems engineering
29、,andtheIEEEComputerSocietySystemsandSoftwareEngineeringStandardsCommittee(IEEECSS2ESC).Thescopeofeachconceptdefinedhasbeenchosentoprovideadefinitionthatissuitableforgeneralapplication.Inthosecircumstanceswherearestrictedapplicationisconcerned,amorespecificdefinitionmightbeneeded.Termshavebeenexclude
30、diftheywere:consideredtobeparochialtoonegroupororganization;companyproprietaryortrademarked;multiwordtermswhosemeaningcouldbeinferredfromthedefinitionsofthecomponentwords;and termswhosemeaningintheinformationtechnology(IT)fieldcouldbedirectlyinferredfromtheircommonEnglishdictionarymeaning.1.2 Relati
31、onship of the print and internet-accessible versionsTheprimarytoolformaintainingthisvocabularyisadatabasethatismodifiedinacontrolledfashion.HostedbytheIEEEComputerSociety,theSEVOCAB(systemsandsoftwareengineeringvocabulary)databaseispubliclyaccessible at puter.org/sevocab ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765 is issued
32、 periodically as a formal,publisheddocumentreflectingasnapshotofthedatabase.Thecopyrightnoticeprovidedwiththedatabasepermitsuserstocopydefinitionsfromthedatabaseaslongasthe source of the definition is cited.Permitting public use of the definitions in the database is intended toencouragetheuseofother
33、ISO/IECJTC1andIEEEsystemsandsoftwareengineeringstandards.1.3 Vocabulary structureEntries in the vocabulary are arranged alphabetically.Blanks precede all other characters in alphabetizing.Hyphensandslashes(and/)followallothercharactersinalphabetizing.Preferredtermsareshowninbold.Synonymsoradmittedte
34、rms(termswiththesamemeaningasthepreferredterm),arelistedunderthepreferredterminplaintext,andcanbelocatedbysearching.Terms,definitions,andnotesusespellingpreferredintheUS.Theuseofcapitallettershasbeenminimizedandgenerallylimitedtopropernamesandacronyms.Insomecases,thesourcestandardusesanothercorrects
35、pelling(suchasbehaviourratherthanbehavior,onlineratherthanonline).TechnicaltermsinEnglishoftenchangeformfromtwowordstoahyphenatedwordtoasinglewordastheybecomemorefamiliar,e.g.,realtimetorealtimetorealtime.Hence,other correct spellings and capitalization ofthe terms,according to a national standard,a
36、nauthoritativegeneraldictionaryoracceptedstyleguide,canbeusedwiththedefinitions.Anentrycanconsistofasingleword,suchassoftware;aphraseorcompoundterm,suchastestcase;oranabbreviatedterm,suchasCDR.Phrasesaregivenintheirnaturalorder(testplan)ratherthaninreversedorder(plan,test).Abbreviatedtermscanbeliste
37、dseparatelyaswellasinparenthesesfollowingthesourceterm.Termsthatareverbsareshownwithouttheinfinitivemarkerto.ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)2ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017AllrightsreservedAftereachterm,numbereddefinitionsarelistedinorderofpreference,orfromthemostgeneraltothemorespecificusages.Thedi
38、fferentdefinitionscanshowtheuseofatermasanoun,verbandadjective.Thisdocumentincludesreferencestotheactivesourcestandardsforeachdefinition,sothattheuseofthetermcanbefurtherexplored.ThesourcesofmostofthedefinitionsareISOJTC1/SC7orIEEEComputerSocietystandards and the PMI Glossary,Fifth Edition.Sources a
39、re listed in the Bibliography.Additional sources fordefinitionsdrawnfromoutsidethescopeofsystemsandsoftwareengineeringareinAnnexA,ListofReferences.Insomecases,thesamedefinitioncanalsobefoundinotheractiveorwithdrawnstandards.Nosourceisshownifthe original source standard has been withdrawn or archived
40、 and the definition has been retained in thisvocabulary.Notes(comments),Examples,andFigurestakenfromthesourcestandardshavebeenincludedtoclarifyselecteddefinitions.Crossreferencesareusedtoshowatermsrelationshiptoothertermsinthedictionary:cf.referstorelatedtermsthatarenotsynonyms.1.4 PMI Glossary prov
41、isionsThe Project Management Institute(PMI)Glossary definitions have been included without alteration inaccordancewiththecopyrightagreement.SomeofthesetermsanddefinitionsarenotwordedaccordingtoISO/IECorIEEEstyles.Manyofthesedefinitionsincludeexplanatorymaterial.Forotherterms and otherdefinitionsthat
42、haveISO/IECandIEEEstandardsastheirsource,explanatorymatterisshownintheNotesandExamples.2 Normative references Therearenonormativereferencesinthisdocument.NOTEThe definitions in this document are drawn from normative standards and informative guidancedocuments,including ISO/IEC Technical Reports(TR).
43、Where terms have multiple definitions,users shouldconsultthesourcestandardsforfurtherinformationonappropriateusagewithinaspecificcontext.3 Terms,definitions,and abbreviated terms Forthepurposesofthisdocument,thefollowingtermsanddefinitionsapply.ISO,IECandIEEEmaintainterminologicaldatabasesforuseinst
44、andardizationatthefollowingaddresses:IECElectropedia:availableathttp:/www.electropedia.org ISOOnlinebrowsingplatform:availableathttp:/www.iso.org/obp IEEEStandardsDictionaryOnline:availableathttp:/dictionary.ieee.org3.1 1GL 1.firstgenerationlanguage cf.machinelanguage3.2 2GL 1.secondgenerationlangua
45、gecf.assemblylanguage3.3 3D 1.threedimensionalISO/IEC/IEEE23026:2015SystemsandsoftwareengineeringEngineeringandmanagementofwebsitesforsystems,software,andservicesinformation3.4 3GL 1.thirdgenerationlanguagecf.highorderlanguageISO/IEC/IEEE 24765:2017(E)3ISO/IEC2017AllrightsreservedIEEE2017Allrightsre
46、served3.5 4GL 1.fourthgenerationlanguage3.6 5GL 1.fifthgenerationlanguage3.7 language 1.definitionsofconceptsandrulesforthespecificationofanODPsystemfromtheviewpointISO/IEC107463:2009InformationtechnologyOpenDistributedProcessingReferenceModel:Architecture,4.2.1.1Note1toentry:Thus,engineeringlanguag
47、e:definitionsofconceptsandrulesforthespecificationofanODPsystemfromtheengineeringviewpoint.3.8 domain 1.setofobjects,eachofwhichisrelatedbyacharacterizingrelationshiptoacontrollingobjectISO/IEC107462:2009 Information technology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model:Foundations,10.3 3.9 federat
48、ion munityofdomains ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009 Information technology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model:Architecture,5.1.2 3.10 group 1.setofobjectswithaparticularcharacterizingrelationship ISO/IEC 10746-2:2009 Information technology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model:Foundations,10.1 3
49、.11 interceptor 1.engineeringobjectinachannel,placedataboundarybetweendomains ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009 Information technology Open Distributed Processing Reference Model:Architecture,8.1.11 Note1toentry:Aninterceptorperformscheckstoenforceormonitorpoliciesonpermittedinteractionsbetweenbasicengineeringob
50、jectsindifferentdomains;performstransformationstomaskdifferencesininterpretationofdatabybasicengineeringobjectsindifferentdomains.Anintersubnetworkrelayisanexampleofaninterceptor3.12 pattern 1.abstractspecificationofacompositionofobjectsthatresultsinanyinstanceofthecompositionhavingagivenproperty,na