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江苏新版牛津英语7BUnit6知识点.doc

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江苏新版牛津英语7B Unit 6 知识点 Comic strip 1. Outdoor fun 户外趣事 outdoor形容词,意为“户外的”,在句中只能用作定语。同义词为outside(外部的) e.g: Outdoor sunlight is very good for our health.户外的阳光对我们的健康很有好处。 [拓展]outdoor常构成固定短语: outdoor activities 室外活动 outdoor life 野外生活 outdoor exercises 户外运动 outdoor theatre 露天剧场 2. Hurry up, Eddie. Eddie快点。 hurry up快点,赶快;常用于祈使句,不能用于否定句。hurry动词,意为“急忙,匆忙”,后面直接接表示方向的副词或介词短语,习惯上不接go,come,move等之类的表示运动方向的动词 e.g: Hurry up, or you’ll be late for class.快点,否则你上课要迟到了。 She hurried to the airport.她匆匆赶往机场。 [拓展]hurry还可作名词,意为“匆忙;仓促;急忙”,固定短语in a hurry(匆忙地) e.g: He was in a hurry to leave.他急切地要离开。 [提醒]hurry off/away匆匆离去 e.g: Miss Zhao hurried off to look after the man.赵老师匆匆赶去照看那个男人。 3. You complain too much.你抱怨的太多。 complain动词,意为“抱怨”,指心中对人或事物不满或身体感到不适或因痛苦而对别人诉说、抱怨。固定短语有: complain about sth. 抱怨某事;complain about doing sth. 抱怨做某事 e.g: You have no reason to complain.你没有理由抱怨。 She often complains about the price of food.她常常抱怨食品的价格。 [提醒]表示“向某人抱怨某事”,要用complain to sb. about sth. e.g: I have to complain to the manager about it.就这件事我不得不向经理申诉。 Welcome to the unit 1. cycling cycling名词,意为“骑自行车运动”,动词为cycle(骑自行车) e.g: Beijing is a good place for cycling.北京是一个骑自行车运动的好地方。 They cycled 100 miles around the lake.他们围着湖骑行了100英里。 Reading 1. She looked up and saw a white rabbit in a coat passing by.她抬起头,看到了一只穿着外套的白色兔子走了过去。 (1)look up在句中意为“抬头看;往上看”。look up还有“查阅”之意 e.g: My brother looked up from his book as I walked into his room.当我走进我弟弟的房间时,他从书里抬起头看了看。 The students went to the library to look up the information.学生们去图书馆查资料了。 [拓展]look构成的其他常用短语: look over 查看;审阅 look through浏览 look after照料;保管 look out 当心;留神 look round/around环顾四周 look down on/upon藐视;看不起 (2) pass动词,意为“经过”,后面接名词或代词作宾语 e.g: I passed the shop on my way to the library.我在去图书馆的路上经过了那家商店。 [拓展]pass作动词,还可表示“通过;度过” e.g: In the end, I passed the English exam.最后,我通过了英语考试。 pass作动词,还可表示“传,递”,pass sb. sth.=pass sth. to sb.把某物传给某人 e.g: Pass me some bread, please.请递一些面包给我。 (3) by副词,意为“经过”,常与动词go,walk,run等连用 e.g: I saw Tom walking by, carrying two books.我看到Tom拿着两本书走过去了。 [拓展]by还可作介词,意为“靠近;在...旁边;通过;被;经由” e.g: The house by the lake is a restaurant.湖边的那座房子是家饭店。 Do you often go to school by bike?你经常骑自行车去上学吗? Please learn the new words by heart.请用心记住这些生词。 2. It took a watch out of its pocket and looked at the time.它从口袋里拿出一只表,看了看时间。 take out是固定短语,表示“取出;拔出;除掉”。其中out是副词,名词作宾语放在out前后都可以;但若是代词作宾语须放在take与out之间。若表示“从...取出某物”用介词of e.g: He opened his schoolbag and took out a notebook/took a notebook out.他打开书包,拿出了一个笔记本。 Your pen is in the box. Please take it out.你的钢笔在盒子里。请取出来。 [拓展]take out还表示“把...带出去” e.g: My father is taking me out to go for a drive.我父亲要带我出去兜风。 [提醒]out of短语后若无宾语,则应将of省略 3. Alice did not want to let the rabbit get away, so she jumped down the hole too.Alice不想让那个兔子逃脱,所以她也跳下了那个洞。 get away逃脱 e.g: The robbers rushed into the car and got away quickly.抢劫犯冲进小汽车迅速逃脱了。 [拓展]get away还表示“离开” e.g:I hope to get away early in the morning.我希望一早就动身离开。 4. Alice fell for a long time, and then she hit the ground.Ailce下落了很长一段时间,然后她撞到了地面。 (1)fall动词,意为“落下,掉落;倒下,跌落,”固定短语有:fall down掉下,摔下;fall off 掉下,跌落;fall behind落后,跟不上;fall over跌翻,摔倒 e.g: Babies often fall when they are learning to walk.婴儿学走路时时常会跌倒。 Please climb down the tree, or you will fall down.请从树上下来,不然你会摔下来的。 [拓展]fall作名词,表示“秋天”,相当于英式英语中的autumn e.g: Fall is a harvest season.秋天是收获的季节。 (2) hit动词,意为“击中,撞”,后面直接接人或物作宾语 e.g: Look out! Don’t hit the tree.当心!不要撞在树上。 [提醒]在表达“击中”或“打了”某人某个部位时,英语用“主语+谓语+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”结构,常用的介词有on,in。在脸、肚子等较柔软的部位,用in;在头、鼻子、背等较硬部位,用on e.g: She hit in the face/on the head.她打了他的脸/头。 [拓展]hit作动词,还可表示“袭击,使...遭受” e.g: A typhoon hit Taiwan last month.上个月,一场台风袭击了台湾。 5. She found herself alone in a long, low hall.她发现她独自一人在一个又长又矮的大厅里。 (1) find herself alone为固定结构“find+宾语+形容词”,表示“发觉某人/某物处于某种(意外的)状态”;find动词,还可意为“认为,觉得” e.g: I find English very important.我认为英语很重要。 [提醒]“find+宾语+介词短语”结构表示“发觉某人/某物(在哪里)” e.g: He woke up and found himself in a hospital bed.他醒来发觉自己躺在医院的床上。 [拓展]类似的结构有:“keep/make/think...+宾语+形容词” e.g: We must keep our classroom clean.我们必须保持教室干净。 His words made us happy.他的话让我们很高兴。 (2) alone形容词,意为“独自,单独”,习惯上只用作表语,指客观上独自一人,相当于by oneself或on one's own e.g: Some parents sometimes have to leave their children alone at home.一些父母有时不得不把孩子一个人留在家里。 [拓展]alone作副词,意为“单独;独自” e.g: The old man lives alone in the country.这位老人独自住在农村。 (3) low形容词,意为“低的,矮的”,一般指有形物体的高度、温度、价格、声音等方面的高低,作定语或表语。反义词为high(高的) e.g: The temperature is high/low these days.这些天温度高/低。 [拓展]low还可作副词,意为“低地;低声地”,放在动词之后 e.g: My hometown lies low in a hidden valley.我的家乡位于一个隐蔽的山谷里。 6. There were doors all around, but they were all locked.四周都有门,但是都是锁着的。 lucked形容词,意为“锁上的”,动词lock(锁上;锁好,关好),过去式为locked e.g: The building was locked, and all of us felt safe.大楼被锁上了,我们都感到安全了。 Are you sure you locked the front door?你确定锁了前门吗? [拓展]类似在词尾加-ed构成其形容词的动词有: close关,关闭--closed 关着的 pollute污染--polluted受污染的 7. Then Alice noticed a small door and put the key into it.然后Alice注意到了一个小门,并把钥匙投了进去。 (1) notice动词,意为“注意,察觉”,后面直接跟名词或代词作宾语 e.g:He was so busy that he didn’t notice me.他太忙了,没有注意到我。 [提醒]notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事;notice sb. do sth.注意到某人做某事 e.g:He noticed a bird singing in the tree.他注意到一只鸟正在树上唱歌。 I noticed him enter the office.我注意到他进了办公室。 [拓展]notice 还可作名词,意为“通告,通知,布告”,复数为notices e.g:There is a notice on the wall.墙上有一则通告。 (2) put...into...动词短语,意为“把...放进...”,into介词,意为“到...里面” e.g:Don’t put the old photo into your wallet.不要把那张旧照片放进你的钱包。 [拓展]put 与不同的介词连用构成不同的短语:put...on/under/behind...把...放在...上/下/后面 e.g:You should put the football under the bed.你应当把足球放在床下面。 8. Alice tried to go through the door, but she was too big.Alice试着穿过这扇门,但是她太大了。 through介词,意为“穿过,通过”,强调从某个立体空间内穿越,指穿过隧道、窗户、门、森林等 e.g:The dog can’t walk through the hole.这只狗不能从这个洞钻过去。 [辨析] through,across,over与past 词条 含义 用法 through 介词,意为“穿过,通过” 强调从某个立体空间内穿越 across 介词,意为“穿过” 强调从某个平面的一边到另一边 over 介词,意为“越过,跨越” 强调从某物的正上面跨越 past 介词,意为“经过,超过” 强调从某物/某人的旁边经过 e.g:You can see through the glass.你可以透过这块玻璃看过去。 Walk across the bridge, and you’ll see a tall tree.走过那座桥,你会看见一棵大树。 Tom likes jumping over the chair.Tom喜欢从椅子上跳过去。 He is walking past the post office.他正从邮局旁边走过。 Grammar 1. 一般过去时 行为动词一般过去时的各种句型结构: 句型形式 句型结构 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他。(其中didn’t=did not,did是do的过去式,为助动词。) 疑问句 一般疑问句 Did+主语+动词原形+其他? 肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+did+not. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句? 2. We put up our tent near a lake. 我们把我们的帐篷搭在湖边。 put up “挂起,举起”,常用于挂旗子、举手等。宾语是名词时,可放在put与up的中间或后面,但宾语是代词时,一定要放在中间。 [拓展]put up 张贴 e.g: Please put up these posters on the wall quickly. 请快点把这些海报张贴到墙上。 put构成的短语有: put on 穿上 put out 扑灭 put away 收起来;放好 put off 推迟,延期 Integrated skills 1. found a new way to make paper 找到一种新方法来造纸 make paper “造纸”,是“动词+名词”结构。 make (v.)“做,制作”,指用材料来制作某事或制造一种从前不存在的东西。 [拓展]make常构成的短语有: make clothes 做衣服 make dumplings 做水饺 make a kite 做风筝 make model planes 制作飞机模型 make too much noise 发出太多噪音 2. used bamboo to make kites 用竹子来制作风筝 use sth. to do sth. 用某物做某事 [拓展]used to do sth. 过去常常做某事,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,而现在已不再发生或存在。 e.g: They used to be good friends. 他们过去是好朋友。 3. made a bird out of wood 用木头做一只鸟 wood (n.)木头,木材 形容词 wooden(木制的) e.g: Our desks and chairs are made of wood. 我们的课桌椅是木制的。 I want to buy a wooden box. 我想买个木匣子。 [拓展]类似的由物质名词加后缀-en构成的形容词还有: gold(金子) golden(金色的,金质的) wool(羊毛) woolen(羊毛的,毛纺的) 4. In the ... century, an Italian man called ... visited China. 在……世纪,一位叫做……的意大利人拜访了中国。 century (n.)世纪,百年 e.g: We are living in the 21st century. 我们生活在21世纪。 [拓展]用century表示“几世纪”,要用固定结构“the+序数词+century”,century前需用序数词,并加定冠词the。 e.g: the twentieth century 20世纪 [提醒]this century或the century指“本世纪”;last century指“上个世纪”;next century指“下个世纪”。 5. Weifang, a city in Shandong Province, has become famous for making ... from then on. 山东省的一个城市潍坊,从那时起因为制作……而出名。 from then on 从那时起,作时间状语,与一般过去时连用,相当于from that time on。 e.g: From then on, he worked harder. 从那时起,他工作更加努力了。 6. We’re having a picnic today. 今天我们在野餐。 have a picnic 去野餐,相当于go for a picnic picnic (n.)野餐 e.g: If the weather is nice, we’ll go out for a picnic. 如果天气好,我们将去野餐。 [拓展]由“have a + 名词”构成的短语有: have a look 看一看 have a seat 坐下 have a chat 聊天 have a try 试一试 Task 1. She looked down and saw that her body became smaller and smaller. 她低头看到自己的身体变得越来越小。 become (v.)“开始变得,变成”,后接形容词或名词短语作表语。 e.g: The sky becomes cloudy. 天空变得多云了。 [拓展]类似become的连系动词有:look, feel, get, grow, keep, look, seem, smell, sound, taste, turn等。 2. Soon Alice was small enough to go through the door, so she decided to enter the garden. 很快爱丽丝变得足够小能穿过那扇门,所以她决定进入花园。 (1) decide (v.)决定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 e.g: My home is only 5 minutes’ walk from school. I decide to walk there every day. 我家到学校只要步行五分钟。我决定每天步行上学。 [提醒]decide to do sth.否定式为decide not to do sth.,表示“决定不做某事”。 (2) enter (v.)“进入,加入”,后面不能接介词,相当于come/go into。 e.g: Please enter the house by the back door. 请从后门进屋。 [拓展]enter (v.)“参加”,后面可接考试、比赛等。 e.g: He is going to enter the drawing competition. 他将要去参加绘画比赛。 [提醒]enter的名词为entrance,意为“进入,入口处”,the entrance to ...表示“……的入口处”。 3. When she walked towards the door, she forgot about the key. 当她走向门的时候,她忘了钥匙这件事情。 (1) towards (prep.)“向,朝”,还可写成toward,强调方向性,常与动词连用,后接名词或代词。 e.g: The sunflower turns toward(s) the Sun. 向日葵朝向太阳。 [辨析]towards与to 词条 含义 用法 towards 介词,意为“向,朝” 只表示“方向”,不含到达某地之意 to 介词,意为“向,朝;面对” 表示向目的地走,往往带有“已到达某地”的意思 (2) 用法forget about表示“忘记;遗忘”,其中about可省略。forget后跟名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句作宾语。 e.g: I almost forgot my umbrella. 我差一点就忘了我的雨伞。 [注意]①forget to do sth.表示“忘记去做某事(事情还未做)” e.g: Don’t forget to close the window when you leave the room. 离开房间时不要忘了关窗户。 ②forget doing sth. 表示“忘记了做过某事(事情已经做完)” e.g: I forgot telling him about it. 我忘记了曾经告诉过他这件事。 4. Alice had to go back to the table, but she was too small to reach the key. 爱丽丝不得不回到桌子边,但是她太小了以至于够不到钥匙。 (1) too ... to ...太……而不能……,too后面接形容词原形;to是动词不定式符号。 e.g: My son is too young to join the army. 我儿子太小不能参军。 [拓展]too...to...可与“形容词+enough to do sth.”转换使用。 e.g: The boy is too young to go to school.=The boy is not old enough to go to school. 这男孩太小了,不能上学。 (2) reach (v.)“伸手(脚)够到”,后面直接跟宾语。 e.g: The apples on the tree are red and big, but I can’t reach them.树上的苹果又红又大,但我够不到。 [拓展]reach (v.)“到达”,后面直接跟宾语,相当于get to或arrive at/in。 e.g: Mr and Mrs Black will reach Shanghai tomorrow afternoon. 布莱克夫妇将于明天下午到达上海。 5. She tried to climb up, but failed. 她试图爬起来,但是失败了。 (1) climb (v.)“爬,攀登”,后面直接跟宾语,也常与up, down, into, to, over等介词连用。 e.g: All cats like climbing up trees. 所有的猫都喜欢爬树。 [拓展]与climb有关的常用短语有: climb (up) the tree 爬(上)树 climb (down) the hill 爬(下)山 climb the ladder 爬梯子 (2) fail “失败”,通常强调做了,但是没有成功。 固定短语: fail in sth. 在某事上失败了 fail to do sth. 做某事失败了 反义词:succeed(成功) e.g: He wanted to run away but failed. 他想逃跑,但失败了。
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