牛津英语模块三unit1unit3知识点.doc

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Unit 1 The world of our senses (Module 3)
【考点释析】
1. How far are you going?（P2）
how far 问距离有多远
How far is it from your home to school?
【拓展】how long 问做某事等持续多长时间
how soon 问某事或动作等多久以后才发生
how often 问某事或动作等多久发生一次
① — How long have you been here?
— For five years.
② — How soon will you be back?
— In a month.”
③ — How often do you go back home?
— Once a month.
2. As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she sensed that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark coat.
① observe “看到，注意到”，常用结构：observe sb /sth doing / do sth；observe + clause
The police observed the man entering / enter the bank.
The woman was observed to follow him closely.
She observed that he had left but made no comment.
She observed how he operated the computer.
② sense “意识到，感觉到”
Although she didn’t say anything, I sensed (that) she didn’t like the idea.
【拓展】make sense 有意义；意思清楚；有道理
make sense of 搞清…的意思，理解；懂；明白
have no sense of shame 没有羞耻感
3. She could feel her heart beating with fear.
她能感到由于害怕自己的心脏在砰砰乱跳。
① feel vt. 体验，经历某种体会
She felt great joy. 她感到非常快乐
I felt my interest in English rising. 我感到我学英语的兴趣正在增长。
② beat vi.（心脏）悸动，搏动
After running, you will feel your heart beat fast.
③ with“因为；由于”，with fear“由于害怕”。
The teachers excited with their students’ going to college.
老师因他们的学生考上大学而兴奋。
They smiled with pleasure. 他们高兴地微笑着。
④ fear为…担心，为…不安；恐怕
After the college entrance examinations, she feared the results all the day.
高考结束后，她整天为考试结果担心。
I fear (that) you are wrong. 我认为你错了。
I fear (that) I have bad news for you. 恐怕我有个坏消息给你。
【拓展】for fear of (doing) sth / that-clause为了避免，害怕
We spoke in whisper for fear of waking him / for fear that we might wake him.
我们轻声说话以免吵醒他。
4. When they could not take the pain any more, they took their hands out of the water. （P9）
take “屈服，忍受”，多用于否定句。
He didn’t take his punishment very well. 他并未得到对他应有的惩罚。
【拓展】
I can’t stand the heat. 我忍受不了高炎热。
He can stand more pain than anyone else I know. 他比我认识的任何人都更能忍受痛苦。
I couldn’t bear his lying. 我无法忍受他的谎言。
Considering his home situation, he had to tolerate his wife.
考虑到家中的情形，他不得不忍让妻子了。
5. from around the corner 从拐角处
around the corner 在拐角处；在附近；即将来临
from用于表示场所的副词或介词前
from above / below 自上/下； from far and near 从远近
from before the war 自从战前； from under the table 从桌下
6. The chances of being attacked by a shark are very small compared to other dangers.
compare “比较, 相比, 比喻”， 当考察两个相象的事物以辨别他们的相似或差别时，常用compare … with（把…和…作比较）；当描述不同事物相似性时，常用compare … to（把…比作…）。
The police compared the forged signature with the original.
= The police compared the forged signature and the original.
警察将伪造的签名与原来的作比较。
My English cannot compare with his. 我的英语水平不如他。
He compared her to a summer day. 他将她比为夏天。
A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle. 教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。
【拓展】compare with 可与…相比
(as) compared with / to 和…比较起来
compare notes with sb 和某人交换意见、观点、看法；对笔记
beyond compare 无与伦比的，不可及的
7. The low number of attacks that happen every year proves that sharks do not feed on humans if they have the choice. 鲨鱼攻击人类的事件每年并不多见，这就证明，如果有机会选择，鲨鱼并不以人为食。
prove vt. 证明，证实 vi. 原来（是），证明（是）
He has proved (or proven ) his point.
The claims have not been proved (or proven ).
He has proved himself worthy of trust.
The theory proved impractical in practice.
The article has proved most useful.
【短语记忆】
1. (be) in sight 被看到
2. set off = set out 出发，动身
set out to do sth = set about doing sth 开始，着手做某事
3. wish for sb to do sth 希望 / 渴望某人做某事
wish for 希望得到，渴望
4. stare (up) at （仰头）凝视，盯住…
5. watch out for sth / sb 当心，戒备，提防；密切注意（注视）
6. pay back 偿还（借款）；报答；报复
7. get across the road 过马路
8. follow / take his advice 听从他的劝告
9. for a moment = for a while = for a little 一会儿，片刻
10. express my thanks to you 向你表达我的谢意
11. contact me through the newspapers 通过报纸和我联系
12. go hungry 挨饿
13. look up new words in the dictionary 在字典中查阅生词
14. be related to 和…有关系
15. be linked to 与…相关
16. make sense 有意义；意思清楚；有道理
make sense of 理解；懂；明白
17. have something to do with 与…有点关系
have nothing to do with 与…没有关系
18. make the most of 尽量利用；充分利用
19. later on 稍后
20. turn the lights down 把灯光调暗
21. can’t help doing sth 禁不住…，情不自禁做…
can’t (help) but do sth 不得不，只好
22. get close to 靠近，接近
close to 接近于，在附近
23. lose sight of 不再看见，忽略，忘记
24. all of a sudden = suddenly 突然
25. be frozen by fear 由于害怕而僵住
26. in the distance 在远处，在很远的那边
at a distance 隔一段距离，距离稍远一些
27. go missing 不见了
28. make comments on sth 对…作注释；评论某事
29. concentrate (one’s attention) on / upon 把注意力集中在，专心于，全神贯注于
focus (one’s attention) on 集中注意力在
centre / fix one’s attention on 把注意力集中在…之上
30. make (rapid) progress in 在…方面取得进步 / 进展
in progress 在进行中，在举行
31. work out a plan 制定计划
32. be grateful to sb 感激某人，感谢某人
33. in the near future 在不久的将来
34. fall asleep 入睡
35. to her surprise 让她惊讶的是
36. the expression on your face 脸色，表情
37. feed on （动物）以…为食；以…为能源
live on 继续生活，（人）以…为主食，靠…生活
38. be fit to do sth 适合做某事
39. hit the shark on the nose 击打鲨鱼的鼻子
40. take notes on sth 就…记笔记
41. keep ... in mind 记住，把…记在心里

Unit 2 Language (Module 3)
【考点释析】
1. Bees fly in circles to inform their partners about food or danger.（P21）
inform“通知，告诉，获悉，告知”，常用结构：
① inform sb of / about sth；② inform sb that-clause
He informed me of your decision. 他把你的决定告诉了我。
We were informed by mail of the change in plans. 我们通过信件被告知计划的改变。
The nurse informed me that visiting hours were over. 护士告诉我探视时间已经结束。
【拓展】keep sb informed 随时向…报告情况
be well informed about sth 精通某事；对某事消息灵通
information n.(不可数)
2. This resulted in even more pairs of similar words. （P23）
result in 结果，致使，导致 =lead to 导致
result from 起于，由于，由……而造成 = lie in 存在于
Acting before thinking always results in failure. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。
Nothing has resulted from his efforts. 他的努力终成泡影。
His remark led to further discussion. 他的一句话引起了进一步的讨论。
The solution lies in research. 答案在研究中。
This is where the problem lies. 这就是问题所在之处。
【拓展】as a result 因此，结果
as a result of 作为…的结果，由于…
= as a consequence of = in consequence of

3. I always wondered when I would get the English novel my parents had promised to give me.（P28）
① wonder 对…感到惊讶，惊奇，想知道
I wonder at your patience. 你的耐心使我惊异。
I wonder who he is, where he came from and why he came.
我很想知道他是谁, 从哪里来, 来干什么。
I wonder how he did it. 不知道他是怎么做那件事的。
He wondered what was going on. 他想知道正在发生什么事。
(It’s )no wonder (that ...) 难怪…，…并不奇怪
【拓展】It is a wonder that ... 奇怪的是
It is really a wonder that he should have treated you like that.
真是奇怪，他竟然象那样对你。
② promise 答应，许诺；约定；有…希望（指望）；预示
promise (sb.) an immediate reply 答应（某人）即刻答复
You must promise (me) not to mention. 你必须答应（我）不提此事。
They promised us that they would come. 他们答应我们一定会来。
The clear sky promises fine weather. 晴朗的天空预示好天气。
【拓展】promise well 很有希望，前景很好
keep one’ s / a promise（word ） 遵守诺言，守约
make / give a promise 答应，许诺
of great / high promise =promising大有希望的，前程远大的
As we all know, he is a promising young man.
正如我们所知道的，他是一个有希望的年轻人。

4.disagree about sth 不同意（P29）
disagree with与…不相称，不一致，不适合；与…意见不同；对…不相宜, 对…有害
His conduct disagrees with his words. 他言行不一。
Hot climate disagrees with me. 热天对我不合适。

5. from across the world 来自世界各地（P29）
from 用于表示场所、时间等的副词或介词前
from above / below 自上 / 下
from far and near 从远近
from before the war 自从战前
from under the table 从桌下

6. Which group you agree with is for you to decide.（P29）
for you to decide“由你来决定”，是由“介词for + 名词或代词 + 不定式”构成的结构，称为“动词不定式的复合结构”。在这种结构中，介词for后面的名词或代词形式上是for的宾语，而在意义上是不定式的逻辑主语。动词不定式的复合结构在句子中可以用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。
I opened the door for her to come in.（作状语）
They handed in their exercises just in time for the teacher to correct.（作状语）
It is for you to decide.（作表语）
It’s time for you to go to bed.（作定语）
Here’s a book for you to read.（作定语）

7. in this case 假如这样的话；既然这样（P32） in that case 如果是那样的话
in any case 无论如何，总之 in no case 决不
as is often the case情况经常是这样 in case +clause
Please take an umbrella in case it rains/in case of rain.请带雨伞以防天下雨。

8. However, not all characters are used to describe objects.（P38）
然而并不是所有的汉字都是用来描述物体的。
all，both，every用于否定句时，表示部分否定概念。
Not all the students work hard. 并不是所有的学生都认真学习。
= All the students don’t work hard.
Not every student works hard. 并不是每一个学生都认真学习。
Not both the twin brothers work hard. 双胞胎兄弟并不都认真学习。
【拓展】None of the students work hard. 所有的学生不都认真学习。
No student works hard. 每一个学生都不认真学习。
Neither of the twin brothers works hard. 双胞胎兄弟都不认真学习。
▲neither表示两者的否定；none指三者或三者以上的否定。

【短语记忆】
1. stand for 代表，代替，象征，支持
2. have effective methods for / of studying English 有效学习英语的方法
3. share (in) sth with sb 和某人分享/分担…
4. be made up of = consist of 由…组成
5. mix … with … 把…和…混合，汇合
6. be different from / differ from 与…不同
be similar to 与…相似
be the same as 与…同样的
7. contribute to 捐献/赠，有助于，促成；投稿；做出贡献
make a contribution to 捐赠；作出贡献
8. take/in control of 控制
9. replace…with/by 用…代替，取代
10. despite this fact = in spite of this fact 尽管，不管
11. have an impact /effect/influence on 对…有影响；对…起作用，产生效果
12. take control of = have power over 接管
13. undergo huge changes 经历巨大的改变
14. take the place of 代替
15. lose face 丢脸，失面子
16. have a word with sb 和某人说句话
17. take my concerns into consideration 考虑
18. take actions to solve problems 采取行动解决问题
19. do research 进行调查
be engaged in research 从事研究
20. set a standard for 为…建立标准
21. care about 关心，担心
22. at one time 曾经；同时
23. ban doing sth 禁止做某事
24. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖；由…而定，取决于；信赖
25. take up a lot of my time 耗费了我许多时间
26. get along/on (well) with sb/sth 融洽相处；进展，有起色
27. There is no need to do sth. 没有必要做什么.
28. get one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
29. face up to/face sth/be faced with sth (勇敢地)面对…
30. waste time doing sth 浪费时间做某事
31. look directly into one’s eyes 直视着某人的眼睛

Unit 3 Back to the past (Module 3)

【考点释析】
1. one main similarity between Pompeii and Loulan （P42）
庞贝和楼兰两者间一个主要的相似之处
similarity between A and B A和B的相似之处
similarity to sb / sth in sth 在某方面和某人或某物有相似之处
a difference in character between A and B A和B在性格上的差异

2. as it was 事实上；象现在这样（P42）
as it were 宛如，好像，仿佛；可以说
as it is 实际上，其实，事实上；照现在的样子
streets just as they had been 原样保存的街道（P42）
they are kept exactly as they were 2000 years ago （P43）
他们在2000年前的样子被原封不动地保存下来

3. There was an ancient water system that ran through the middle of the city.
有一条古老的供水系统贯穿城市中心。（P43）
run through 贯穿；跑着穿过

4. prevent the city from being buried by sand 阻止这座城市被风沙覆盖的命运（P43）
prevent/stop/keep … (from) doing sth 阻止…做某事
be buried in sth/bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于；专心于

5. (be) in good condition 完好无误（P51）
The house is in a good / bad condition. 房子条件良好/不好。
◆ be in condition 身体很好 ◆ be out of condition 身体不适
He is in no condition/out of condition to travel. 他的健康状况不宜于旅行。
◆ on condition that 条件是
They will give us the money on condition that we pay it back within six months.
他们给我们提供资金有一个条件，即我们在六个月以内偿还。
◆ on no condition 绝不要
On no condition must you tell him what has happened.
你无论在什么情况下都不可告诉他所发生的事。

6. have no food to eat 没有食物吃（P51）
have no place to live (in) 没有地方住（P51）
have no room to live in 没有房间住
sb. have sth. to do 某人有事要自己做
Sb. have sth. to be done (by sb.) 某人有事要别人做

7. require sb to do sth 要求某人做某事（P52）
The rules require us all to be present. 按规定我们都要到场。
Students are required to attend classes. 学生必须按规定上课。
◆ It requires that ... 有...的必要
The emergency requires that it should be done. 情况紧急，非这样做不可。
◆ require sth of sb 对某人有...的要求
We did all that was required of us. 我们做了要求我们所做的一切。

8. take place 发生，举行（P52）
take one’s place 就座，入座
take sb’s place 代替某人；接替某人的位置
take the place of 代替
lose one’s place 丧失自己的地位
in place of 代替，用…而不用
out of place 地方放得不对，不合适，不恰当；不协调，不相称
in place 放在本来的位置；适当的；就地
in the first place 首先，第一点
in the next place 其次，第二点
in the last place 最后

9. declare war against Japan 对日本宣战（P55）
declare peace 宣布和平
declare against sth 声明反对某事
declare in favor of sth 声明赞成某事
declare oneself 发表意见，表明态度
declare sb (to be) innocent 宣布某人无罪
She declared that she didn’t want to see him again. 她宣称她再也不愿见到他。

10. lead to the US coming into the Second World War 导致美国参加第二次世界大战（P55）
The path led them to a garden. 这条小径把他们带向花园。
lead sb. to do sth. = cause sb to do sth. 导致某人做某事

11. distinguished guests 贵宾，尊贵的客人（P56）
distinguish right from wrong /distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非
distinguish sb in a crowd 在人群中认出某人
distinguish things into classes 把东西分成类

12. Not only was Rome a city and a republic, but it was (also) to become the capital of one of the largest empires in history. （P58）
此时的罗马不仅是一座城市和一个共和国，它也将成为历史上最大帝国之一的都城。
◆ not only ... but also 不仅…而且…
She is not only smart but brilliant.
She not only wanted the diamond but wanted it desperately.
◆ not ... but ... 不是…而是…
◆ not that ... but that ... 不是（因为）…，而是（因为）…

13. In 221 BC, Emperor Qinshihuang united China, but his dynasty didn’t last long. （P58）
公元前221年，秦始皇统一中国，但秦王朝并没有维持很久。
◆ last vi. (在时间上) 持续，继续；维持 (生命、保持充足的供应)；
耐用(保持良好的或可使用的状态)；持久(在力量或做法上持久)
The anti-Japanese war lasted eight years. 抗日战争持续了八年。
The patient is not expected to last much longer. 这位病人活不了多久了。
Will our water last? 淡水够用吗？
I want a car that will last. 我需要一辆经久耐用的汽车。
She wondered if her marriage would last. 她怀疑这场婚姻是否能持久。
【拓展】够…之用(保持供应充足)；经受住(坚持住或忍受足够长的一段)
Twenty yuan is enough to last her for a month. 二十元钱足够她用一个月。
This bike will last me a lifetime. 这辆自行车够我用一辈子了。
She hoped to last the season without injuring her leg again.
她希望能够挺过这个季节，不要再弄伤腿了。

【短语记忆】
1. lost civilization 失落的文明
2. take over the city 接管该市
3. be buried alive 被活埋
4. be off to someplace 离开到某地
5. house many of the treasures 容纳许多宝藏
6. be gradually covered over by sandstorms 逐渐地被风沙淹没
7. the ruins of the Loulan kingdom 楼兰国遗址
8. the remains of buildings 古建筑的残存
9. painted pots 漆罐
10. prevent the city from being buried by sand