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高一英语下册知识点归纳:语法和词汇知识
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Ⅰ.语法和词汇知识
1Tompretended______it;butinfact,heknewitverywell.
A.nottolistento
B.nottohearabout
c.nottohaveheardabout
D.nottobelisteningto
解析:pretendnottohavedone假装没做过某事;pretendtobedoingsth.假装正在做某事;pretendtodosth.假装做某事。由heknewitverywell可知,应选c项。
答案:c
2manypeopleinchinahaveneverdreamedof______achanceforthemtolearntodriveaftertheirretirement.
A.beingB.there
c.theretobeD.therebeing
解析:介词后用名词、代词或者动名词,所以therebe句型要用therebeing的形式。
答案:D
3Ican'tgivemysontheleadingposition.______,heistooyoung;secondly,Iwantmr.Smithtohavethejob.
A.AfterallB.Forexample
c.IntheendD.Tobeginwith
解析:afterall毕竟,终究;forexample例如;intheend最后;tobeginwith首先。根据句意知应选D项。
答案:D
4wewereverytiredandwalkedwithdifficulty,butwegothome______.
A.atallB.afterall
c.aboveallD.inall
解析:“我们已疲惫不堪,行走艰难,但我们毕竟到家了。”afterall此处表示“毕竟”之意。
答案:B
5Hemakesabout$1000everyweek,much______isspentonbooks.
A.ofwhichB.inthat
c.amongwhichD.ofit
解析:定语从句补充完整为:muchofthemoneyisspentonbooks,所以用ofwhich来引导这个定语从句。
答案:A
6Someadvertisements,liketheenvironmentalprotectionadvertisement______toourconscienceorourdesiretobeworthycitizens.
A.adaptB.attach
c.appealD.adjust
解析:adapt“适应;改编”;attach“缚,系”;appeal“恳求;呼吁;有感染力;吸引”;adjust“调节,适应”。句意:一些广告,比如环保广告,唤起我们成为受尊敬市民的良知或欲望。由句意可知答案为c项。
答案:c
7wepaid______cashinthehopethatwecanget15%______.
A.with;accountB.in;charge
c.by;countD.in;discount
解析:incash用现金;bycheck用支票;account账户;charge费用,收费;count数,计数;discount打折,折扣。句意:我们用现金支付,希望能得到15%的折扣。
答案:D
8countlesspeopleindevelopingcountriesnolongersuffermalnutrition.______,povertyremainsaproblemworldwide.
A.whileB.Nevertheless
c.BesidesD.Inaddition
解析:while“而,却”,表示两者之间的对比;nevertheless“然而,不过”;besides“此外”;inaddition“另外”。句意:无数的发展中国家的人们不再营养不良。然而,贫穷仍是一个存在于全球范围内的问题。由句意可知,只有B项符合题意。
答案:B
9Ahealthcareprojectcanprovidetreatment______halfthecostorless,______theneedsofthepatient.
A.at;reliedonB.with;relyingon
c.at;relyingonD.by;relieson
解析:atcost“以成本价”;athalfthecost“以半价”;relyon后接了宾语“theneedsofthepatient”,而句中已有了谓语canprovide,所以relyon必须用非谓语动词的形式;treatment和relyon之间是主动关系,应用现在分词的形式。
答案:c
10BigcompaniesinGermanygenerally______theeuro,whilesmallmanufacturersarenervous;bigbanksareinfavor;smallonesareagainst.
A.consistofB.complainof
c.approveofD.dreamof
解析:consistof组成,构成;complainof抱怨;approveof赞成;dreamof梦想。句意:在德国大公司普遍赞同欧元,而小手工业者则很不安;大银行支持,而小银行则反对。根据句意知选c项。
答案:c
Ⅱ.句子翻译
1咱们得把好苹果拣出来,同坏的分开。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:wemustsortoutthegoodapplesfromthebadones.
2他的各科成绩均佳,尤以英语为好。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Hedoeswellinallhissubjectsbut,aboveall,inEnglish.
3你可以指望我帮助你。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:youcanrelyonmetohelpyou.
4你们要按照他们的方法去做试验。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:youshallperformtheexperimentthewaytheydo.
5科研工作要有耐心和奉献精神。
________________________________________________________________________
答案:Patienceanddevotionareessentialtoscientificresearchwork.
Ⅲ.完形填空
EvelynGlenniewasthefirstladyofsolopercussioninScotland.Inaninterview,sherecalledhowshebecameapercussionsoloistinspiteofherdisability.
“EarlyonIdecidednottoallowthe__1__ofotherstostopmefrombecomingamusician.IgrewuponafarminnortheastScotlandandbegan__2__pianolessonswhenIwaseight.TheolderIgot,themoremypassionformusicgrew.ButIalsobegantograduallylosemy__3__.Doctorsconcludedthatthenervedamagewasthe__4__andbyagetwelve,Iwascompletelydeaf.Butmyloveformusicnever__5__me.”
“my__6__wastobecomeapercussionsoloist,eventhoughtherewerenoneatthattime.Toperform,I__7__tohearmusicdifferentlyfromothers.Iplayinmystockingfeetandcan__8__thepitchofanotebythevibrationsIfeelthroughmybodyandthroughmy__9__.myentiresoundworldexistsbymakinguseofalmostevery__10__thatIhave.”
“Iwas__11__tobeassessedasamusician,notasadeafmusician,andIappliedtothefamousRoyalAcademyofmusicinLondon.Nootherdeafstudenthad__12__thisbeforeandsometeachers__13__myadmission.Basedonmyperformance,Iwas__14__admittedandwentonto__15__withtheacademy'shighesthonors.”
“Afterthat,Iestablishedmyselfasthefirstfull­timesolopercussionist.I__16__andarrangedalotofmusicalcompositionssince__17__hadbeenwrittenspeciallyforsolopercussionists.”
“Ihavebeenasoloistforovertenyears.__18__thedoctorthoughtIwastotallydeaf,itdidn't__19__thatmypassioncouldn'tberealized.Iwouldencouragepeoplenottoallowthemselvestobe__20__byothers.Followyourpassion;followyourheart.Theywillleadyoutotheplaceyouwanttogo.”
1A.conditionsB.opinions
c.actionsD.recommendations
解析:早些时候,她不允许别人有阻止她学习音乐的想法。condition“条件,状况”;opinion“观点,想法”;action“举止,举动”;recommendation“推荐,介绍”。故B项正确。
答案:B
2A.enjoyingB.choosing
c.takingD.giving
解析:EvelynGlennie介绍自己在苏格兰东北部长大,八岁时开始修习钢琴。takelessons为固定短语,意为“修习课程”。enjoy“喜欢”;choose“选择”;give“给予”。故c项正确。
答案:c
3A.sightB.hearing
c.touchD.taste
解析:根据下文“byagetwelve,Iwascompletelydeaf”可知,EvelynGlennie的听觉逐渐下降。sight“视力”;touch“触觉”;taste“味觉”。故B项正确。
答案:B
4A.evidenceB.result
c.excuseD.cause
解析:EvelynGlennie的听觉逐渐下降,医生认为她的听觉逐渐丧失的原因是神经损伤。evidence“证据,证明”;result“结果”;excuse“借口”;cause“原因,起因”。故D项正确。
答案:D
5A.leftB.excited
c.accompaniedD.disappointed
解析:虽然EvelynGlennie成了聋人,但是对音乐的热爱却保留下来。left“保留的”;excited“兴奋的”;accompanied“伴随的”;disappointed“失望的”。故A项正确。
答案:A
6A.purposeB.decision
c.promiseD.goal
解析:EvelynGlennie的目标就是成为一个打击乐器独奏演员。purpose“目的,意图”;decision“决定”;promise“许诺,承诺”;goal“目标,终点”。故D项正确。
答案:D
7A.turnedB.learned
c.usedD.ought
解析:虽然残疾了,但是EvelynGlennie学会了与别人不同的“听”音乐的方法。turn“转变”;learn“学会”;use“使用”;ought“应该,大概”。故B项正确。
答案:B
8A.tellB.see
c.hearD.smell
解析:EvelynGlennie穿着袜子演奏,可以根据震动来辨别声音的高低。tell“分辨”;see“看”;hear“听”;smell“闻”。故A项正确。
答案:A
9A.carefulnessB.movement
c.imaginationD.experience
解析:EvelynGlennie通过躯体和想象来感受音乐。carefulness“细心”;movement“运动”;imagination“想象”;experience“经历,经验”。故c项正确。
答案:c
10A.senseB.effort
c.feelingD.idea
解析:EvelynGlennie整个的声音世界因为充分利用几乎所有的感官而存在。sense“感官,感觉”;effort“努力,努力的成果”;feeling“感觉,感情”;idea“主意,想法”。故A项正确。
答案:A
11A.dissatisfiedB.astonished
c.determinedD.discouraged
解析:EvelynGlennie决心被评定为音乐家,而不是盲人音乐家。dissatisfied“不满意的”;astonished“吃惊的”;determined“决心,决定”;discouraged“泄气的,沮丧的”。故c项正确。
答案:c
12A.doneB.accepted
c.advisedD.admitted
解析:EvelynGlennie申请进入设在伦敦的皇家音乐学院学习。以前,从来没有聋哑学生做这样的事情。do“做”;accept“接受”;advise“建议”;admit“承认”。故A项正确。
答案:A
13A.supportedB.followed
c.requiredD.opposed
解析:根据下文可以看出,刚开始时有些老师反对我的入学。support“支持”;follow“遵循,遵从”;require“要求,需求”;oppose“反对”。故D项正确。
答案:D
14A.usuallyB.finally
c.possiblyD.hopefully
解析:基于她的表现,最终被录取了。usually“通常”;finally“最后”;possibly“可能”;hopefully“充满希望地”。故B项正确。
答案:B
15A.studyB.research
c.graduateD.progress
解析:后来以学校最高荣誉毕业。study“学习”;research“研究”;graduate“毕业”;progress“进步”。故c项正确。
答案:c
16A.wroteB.translated
c.copiedD.read
解析:后来,EvelynGlennie成为一位打击乐器独奏演员,写下和整理了许多乐曲。由上下文可知,A项符合文意。
答案:A
17A.enoughB.some
c.manyD.few
解析:EvelynGlennie写作整理乐曲,是因为很少有专为打击乐器独奏演员写作的乐曲。
答案:D
18A.HoweverB.Although
c.whenD.Since
解析:EvelynGlennie谈到自己成为打击乐独奏演员已经十多年了。尽管医生认为我已经全聋了,但是这并不意味着我的热情会消失。状语从句与主句为让步关系,故B项正确。
答案:B
19A.meanB.seem
c.concludeD.say
解析:mean“意味着”;seem“好像”;conclude“包括”;say“说”。由上下文可知,A项符合文意。
答案:A
20A.directedB.guided
c.taughtD.limited
解析:EvelynGlennie鼓励人们不要受到别人的限制。direct“指导,指点”;guide“引导,向导”;teach“教授”;limit“限制”。故A项正确。
答案:D
Ⅳ.阅读理解
manystudentshavetoeattheirbreakfastsonthewaytoschoolorhavedinnerinthecafeteria.Butsomeofthemdon'treallyknowhowtoeatwellwheneatingout.
Thereareseveralimportanttips.Thefirstistotrynottoeatfastfoodasmuchasyoucan.Themostobviousharmofeatingtoomuchfastfoodisweightgaining.Teensaswellasadultsareatriskofdiseasesrelatedtoweight.
Toomuchfastfoodcandragyourbodydowninotherways.Frenchfries,forexample,wererecentlyfoundtocontainmuchmoreacrylamidethanotherfood.Thismaycausecancer.IntheUSninefast­foodcompanieswereaccusedofnottellingthepublicthattheirpotatochipscontainedthisunhealthychemical.Actually,deepfriedfoodallcontainsacrylamide.Sodon'teatittoooften.
Sodaisanotherthingyoumaywanttowatchoutfor.cokesandothersodascontainalotofsugarandslowdownaperson'scalciumabsorption.Evendietcokecancausethisproblem,soit'sbesttodrinkaslittlesodaaspossible.
Foodinthecafeteriaatschoolmaynotbeastastyasfastfood,butit'sactuallyeasiertomakehealthychoices.Humanbodiesneedvariety.youcanarrangeadinnerthatbalancesproteins,vitaminsandcomplexcarbohydrates.Inotherwords,amealwithfishormeat,vegetablesandsomesteamedbreadorricewillprovideyouwithmostnutrientsthatthebodyneeds.
Somesnacks,ontheotherhand,willhelpkeepyougoinguntilyournextbigmeal.Itisnaturalforteenagers,especiallyboys,tofeelhungryalotduringschooltime.Don'tbeembarrassed;takesomefoods,likewhole­grainbiscuitsorlow­fatyogurtinyourschoolbag.
1Eatingtoomuch______maygetadiseaseconcerningweight.
A.sodaB.coke
c.dietcokeD.fastfood
解析:细节判断题,可用直接就题找文法来解。原文第二节“Themostobviousharmofeatingtoomuchfastfoodisweightgaining.Teensaswellasadultsareatriskofdiseasesrelatedtoweight.”体现答案。
答案:D
2Theninefast­foodcompaniesintheUSwereaccusedof______.
A.sellingfastfood
B.sellingpotatochips
c.sellingacrylamide
D.nottellingthetruth
解析:推理判断题,可用逻辑推断法来解。由原文第三节“IntheUSninefast­foodcompanieswereaccusedofnottellingthepublicthattheirpotatochipscontainedthisunhealthychemical.”可以推出美国九家快餐公司被起诉的原因是没有讲真话。
答案:D
3whatmaterialmaydecreaseourcalciumabsorption?
A.proteinB.carbohydrate
c.vitaminD.sugar
解析:推理判断题,可用逻辑推断法来解。由原文第四节“cokesandothersodascontainalotofsugarandslowdownaperson'scalciumabsorption.”可以推出是糖减少了人体对钙质的吸收。
答案:D
4Accordingtothewriter,______cancertainlydogoodtous.
A.potatochipsB.friedfood
c.biscuitsD.lowfatyogurt
解析:推理判断题,可用逻辑推断法来解。由原文末句可以推出低脂肪的酸奶肯定对人体有益。
答案:D
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