初一英语知识点名词变复数.doc

II. 名词的数：
1.规则名词的复数形式：
名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：
规则例词
1）一般情况在词尾加-s map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
2）以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词后加-es class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
3）以-f或-fe结尾的词变-f和-fe为v再加-es
leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives
加-s belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs
4）以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es
party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
5）以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s
toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
6）以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词一般加-es
hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
不少外来词加-s piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/volcanos
7）以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
8）以-th结尾的名词加-s truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
2.不规则名词复数：
英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下：
规则例词
1）改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式
man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
2）单复数相同sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan,jin,
3）只有复数形式ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents
4）一些集体名词总是用作复数people,police,cattle,staff
5）部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）audience,class,family, crowd,couple,group,committee,government,population,crew,team, public,enemy,party
6）复数形式表示特别含义customs(海关),forces(军队),times(时代),spirits(情绪),
drinks(饮料),sands(沙滩),papers(文件报纸),manners(礼貌),
looks(外表), brains(头脑智力),greens(青菜),ruins(废墟)
7）表示“某国人” 加-s
Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women Englishmen, Frenchwomen
8）合成名词将主体名词变为复数
sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boyfriends
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
将两部分变为复数 women singers, men servants
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