强读和弱读.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,Page,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Strong Forms&Weak Forms,强读和弱读,弱读,一个英文单词如果由多个音节构成，那么其中至少有一个音节是重音；如果，音节足够多的话，那么可能还有次重音以及一个以上的重音。,同样的道理，一个句子由多个单词构成，那么，其中总是有至少一个单词被强读，而相对来看，其它的单词会被弱读。,弱读的规则一般是：元音音节弱化成,或,i,。,如下几个单词：,at,of,the,to,as,than,and,or,his,a,an,but,been,for,her,we,be,shall,was,them,弱读的频率达到,90,，其中,a,an,the,than,极少用强式。,查字典会发现这些词都至少有两种读音，如,for:,重读时,f,:,弱读时,f,；,as,的强读形式是,/,z/,，弱读形式是,/z/,。,大多,助动词、系动词、介词、连词、冠词、代词，,都有两种发音形式：强读式、弱读式。,这些单词往往都是单音节单词。,弱读的形式,1.,大多数有弱读形式的单词中，元音都变成了,/,；,at/t/;as/z/;had /hd/,；,must /mst/,2,有少数几个单词的弱读形式变成了,i /,；,be/i/,；,been/bin/,；,me/mi/,；,the/i/,3.,有时，一些常用词的弱读形式中省略了一个元音。,am/m/,；,has/z/,；,have/v/,；,is/z/,4.,有时，一些常用的弱读形式中省略了一个辅音。,and /n/,；,have/v/,；,would/d/,；,her/:/,要在连贯说话中应用弱读形式，不是懂得了道理就能学会的，也不是一朝一夕就能掌握的，需要通过大量的模仿和练习才能学好。,朗读下列,句子,，注意,弱读,1),to/t/,but/bt/,I want,to,come,but,I cant.,2,),and/nd/,Hes rich,and,famous.,3,),than/n/n/,Better,than,that.,Hes older,than,she is.,4,),but/bt/,She wants to sing,but,she cant.,5,),such/,st,/,We have problems,such,as pollution.,6)some/sm/,There are,some,copies here.,7)any/ni/,There arent,any,more.,8)he/hi/,Does,he,want any?,9)her/h/,Ive met,her,mother.,10)him/im/,Tell,him,Id like to.,11)them/m/m/,I havent seen,them,yet.,12)you/j/,What do,you,think?,13)your/j/,Take,your,time.,14)us/s/,Let,us,think it over.,15)that/t/,This is the house,that,Jack built.,16)at/t/,At,least one.,17)for/f/,Its for you.,18)from/frm/,He comes,from,England.,19)of/v/,Id love a cup,of,tea.,20)to/t/,You ought,to,go.,21)an/n/,Id like an apple.,22)the/i/,Thats the one.,23)am/m/,Im going now.,24)are/,Where,are,you going?,25)is/z/,/s/,He,s,here.,My hat,is,here.,26)was/wz/,Was he there?,27)were/w/,We were very pleased.,28)have/hv/,/v/,/v/,Theyve left.,Have any been lost?,29)had/hd/,/d/,They had better hurry.,30)has/z/,What,has,he done?,He has just arrived.,31)do/du/,/d/,Do you think so?,32)does/dz/,When does he leave?,33)can/kn/,/kn/,Can you hear me?,34)could/kd/,Could you do it now?,35)should,/,d/,How,should,I know?,3,6,),there/,There is nothing left.,There are not enough.,3,7,),shall/l,l/,How,shall,I do like that?,3,8,),when/wn/,Her parents had been dead,when,she was a child.,3,9,),will/l,l/,He,will,go back home tomorrow.,40,),would/wd,d,d/,He,would,be happy if he had passed the exam.,弱读问题对策,1.,反复聆听，熟悉弱读。单词的弱读会导致考生实际听到的发音与自己熟悉的发音出现偏差，因此在平时复习时，考生应留意单词在句中的弱读，并对其进行反复聆听，直至完全熟悉该弱读现象,2,熟记常见习语中的弱读。平时记忆听力短文、对话中的常见习语时，应注意其中是否含有单词的弱读，并将其与这些习语一并牢记。,强读,1.When the question is answered in short form,the auxiliary verb should adopt the strong form,like:,-Will you come tomorrow?,-Yes,I will.,2.When the prep is placed at the end of a sentence,it should adopt the strong form.,-Who is he waiting for?,3.When the prep is followed by an unstressed personal pronoun,it should be the strong form.,-Ive been waiting for you.,弱读与强读的区别,1,）弱读形式和强读形式各自的元音不同。,2,）弱读音节中常常省略了某一个音。,如果一个单词被强读，那么这个单词中的：,长元音会被读的很清楚，并且显得更长一些；,双元音会被读的很饱满，并且显得很有弹性；,落在重音上的短元音都会显得更长一些；,重音所在的音节可能带着不同的语调（升调、降调、降升调）,如果一个单词被弱读，那么这个单词中的：,长元音会变得短一些（几乎与短元音的长度相当）；,重音音节会变得与非重音音阶一样轻；,很多元音都会发生变化，向,/,靠拢；,轻辅音,/s/,、,/t/,、,/k/,、,/f/,之后的元音,/,可能会直接被省略掉,Practice,Have you ever tried Dianas Cakes?They are so delicious.I have eaten many different kinds of cakes.But I have never tasted anything,quite like cakes made by Diane.She uses the best and the finest ingredients that money can buy.The best flour,the best eggs and the best milk.,Have you ever,tried,Diane,s Cakes,?,They are,so,delicious,.I have eaten,many,different kinds of cakes,but,I have never tasted,anything,quite like cakes made by Diane.,she uses the,finest,and,freshest,ingredients that money can buy.,The best,flour,the best,eggs,and,the,best,milk.,Some examples of strong/weak forms:,Weak form Sample sentence,1.a/e,I,/,/Weve got a dog.,2.an/,n/,n/Take an apple.,3.her/h,:/h,/,/,:/,/,/Whats her name?,4.his/h,I,z/,I,z/John had his haircut.,5.our/a,/,:/We can do it on our own.,6.some /s,m/s,m/,/sm/Get me some water.,7.the/,i:/,I,/,/,/They saw the young and the old.,8.your/j,:/j,/Take your time.,9.he/hi:/h,I,/,/,I,/What did he do?,10.me/mi:/m,I,/Let me have a look.,Words,SF,11.she/,i:/,I,/Did she come?,12.them/,em/,m/,/,m/Let them go.,13.us/,s/,s/He told us a story.,14.we/wi:/w,I/,Here we are.,15.you/ju:/j,/Did you see my pen?,16.him/h,I,m/,I,m/Give him a pen.,17.am/,m/,m/,/m/Im proud of it.,18.are/,:/,/What are you doing?,19.be/bi:/b,I,/Dont be late.,20.can/k,n/k,n/,/kn/What can I do?,Words SF Weak form Sample sentence,21.do/du:/d,/,/d/What do you do on Sundays?,22.does/d,z/d,z/When does the train leave?,23.had/h,d/h,d/,/,d/,/d/How many had he had?,24.has/h,z/h,z/,/,z/,/z/,/s/What has happened?,25.have/h,v/h,v/,/,v/,/v/The kids have gone.,26.is/,I,z/z/,/s/He is coming.,27.must/m,st/m,st/,/m,s/We must go now.,28.shall/,l/,l/,/,l/What shall we do?,29.was/w,z/w,z/,/wz/He was out.,30.were/w,:/w,/We were all late.,Words SF Weak form Sample sentence,29.was/w,z/w,z/,/wz/He was out.,30.were/w,:/w,/We were all late.,31.will/w,I,l/w,l/,/,l/That will do.,32at/,t/,t/Look at him.,33.for/f,:/f,/Is it for me?,34.from/fr,m/fr,m/,/frm/They come from the states.,35.of/,v/,v/,/v/,/f/Its very kind of you.,36.to/tu:/t,/You dont have to worry.,37.and/,nd/,nd/,/,n/,/nd/,/n/We had fish and chips.,38.as/,z/,z/Just as you like.,39.but/b,t/b,t/Its good but expensive.,40.so/s,/s,/Its not so cold here.,41.than/,n/,n/Its bigger than this.,42.that/,t/,t/He said that he was coming.,Words SF Weak form Sample sentence,+,教材,P81 P82 P83,练习,Whats the machine for?,Its for detecting oil.,Where are you from?iIm from the UK.,Who can finish the task?,I can,John and I will return soon.,Johnny is a driver,and Mary is a driver too.,Will Mary go to london?,Yes,she will.She will go to london next week.,I will give him a present.The present is for him.,She is a member of your program.,I do work as engineer.I love it more.,Its a piece of cake.,