The Parliament of Britain.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,The Parliament,Explanation,The word parliament comes from to parley and was first officially used in 1236.,Parliament refers to the gathering of feudal barons(封建地主)and representatives from counties and towns.The king summoned Parliament if he wanted to raise money.,History,In the Middle Ages,the Great Council,a gathering of barons,offered extra money for the king.,By the 13th Century,the Great Council was widened,including fedual barons(the House of Lords)and representatives of communities(the House of Commons).,Two houses exist today and we call them the Parliament.,Two Houses in the 19th century,The Bill of Rights(权利法案),Background,The Commons quickly gained in political strength and wanted an increasing say.,In 1407,Henry IV decreed that all money grants should be considered by the Commons before the Lords.,By the 15th century,the Commons acquired law-making powers,which had belonged only to the King and his Councillors.,Process,a dispute over the power of the king and Pailiament(root),the civil war,the Roundheads came to power in the 17th centuryJames I and Charles I reasserted their divine right as kingscivil warCharles I was executed in 1649,Charles Is son was restored to the throne as Charles II by 1660James II tried to govern without the consent of Parliament,James I,Charles I,Leading politicians and church authorities asked William of Orange to replace him,William promised that he would declare governing without parliamentary consent to be illegal.,End,James ran away and William took overin 1689,the Bill of the Rights passed,James II,William of Orange,Nowadays Parliament,Functions and Role,It passes laws.,It provides the means of carrying on the work of government.,It scrutinise(详细检查)government policy,administration and expenditure.,Parliament is supreme,It alone has the power to change the terms of the Constitution.,No legal restraints upon Parliament.,Parliament and Monarchy,The Parliament consists of the Queen,the House of Lords and the House of Commons.,The Monarchy is regarded as a separate institution.The consent to pass a law is given as a matter of course.,