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,*,*,Unit 1,Railway Development,1/42,Teaching,Objectives,Reading Through,Unit 1 Railway Development,CONTENTS,Exercises,2/42,Students will be able to:,get an overall knowledge of railway development in China,master some key words and expressions in the text,understand some important sentences.,Teaching,Objectives,3/42,Reading A,Lead-in Questions,Words and Expressions,Text,Language Points,Exercises,Reading Through,4/42,Leading-in Questions,Before reading the passage,see how much you know about railway development by answering the following questions.,1.Can you name some of the earliest railways in China,?,2.What do you know about the role rail transport plays in todays China?,5/42,Words&,Expressions,Words&Expressions,mode transportation traverse,Macau,wagon,trillion,allocate,capacity,indigenously,terrain,establishment,entity,multiple track,electrified,fold,respectively,on a global basis,in terms of,6/42,Rail transport is the most commonly used,mode,of long-distance,transportation,in China.Almost all rail operations are handled by the Ministry of Railways,which is part of the State Council of China.By the end of,the operating rail network,traverses,the length and breadth of the country,covering a total length of 91,000km,making only the rail networks in the United States and Russia larger in size.As of,Chinese Railway owned about 603,082,wagons,49,355 coaches and 18,922 locomotives and ran more than 38,000 trains daily,including about 3,500 passenger trains.The network today serves all provinces,with the exception of the special administrative region of Macau.,Para.1,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,7/42,As of October,the Chinese State Council approved a new CNY 2 trillion railway investment plan to take it up to.The scheme extended Chinas previously announced railway building program,which was,allocated,CNY 1.25 trillion in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for to.As a result of the increased investment,the countrys railway network grew from 78,000km at the end of to 91,000 km at the end of,Growth in freight transport was thought to be one of the drivers behind the increased focus on rail,and the need to increase,capacity,to meet rising demand.,Para.2,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,8/42,The first railroad to be built in China was the Woosung Railway in 1876.By 1911,there were around 9,000 km of tracks in China.However,many railways were designed,constructed,or even owned by foreign companies.The first,indigenously,designed and constructed railway by Chinese is the Jingzhang railway built from 1905 to 1909,a difficult job due to the mountainous,terrain,.The chief engineer of this railway was Zhan Tianyou,who is known as the Father of Chinas Railway.,Para.3,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,9/42,After the,establishment,of new China,the new government invested heavily in the railway network.From the 1950s to the 70s,lines,especially those in western China,were expanded.One example is the 1900 km railway from Lanzhou to Urumqi,which was built between 1952 and 1962.In Southwestern China,several mountain railways were constructed,such as the Baoji-Chengdu Railway,built in the 1950s,and the Chengkun Railway,built in the 1970s.The railway to Xizang(Tibet),the Qingzang railway,was one of the most difficult to build;the line was finally completed and opened to the public in.Today,every province-level,entity,of China,with the exception of Macau,is connected to the railway network.,Para.4,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,10/42,Not only has the Chinese railway network expanded in size since 1949,but it has also seen great technological advances.,From 1990 to,on average some 1,092 km of new railways,837 km of multiple track,and 962 km of,electrified,railways were opened to traffic annually,2.4-,fold,1.7-fold and 1.8-fold increases,respectively,over the previous 10 years.At the end of,railways in operation reached 74,200 km,including 24,100 km of multiple track and 18,900 km of electrified railways.,By the end of,the total length of Chinas operating railways has reached 110,000 km,and is expected to grow to 120,000km by the end of according to the Development Plan of Chinas National Railways during the 12th Five-Year Plan.,Para.5&6,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,11/42,Moreover,China now boasts the Number One High-speed Railway Network in the world.On a global basis,Chinas rail transport volume is one of the worlds largest,having six percent of the worlds operating railways,and carrying 25 percent of the worlds total railway workload.China also leads,in terms of,the growth rate of transport volume and use of transport equipment.,Para.6,China Railway Development,Reading A,Chinese,12/42,mode,n.,a particular way of doing sth.,交流方式 行为模式,a mode of communication a mode of behaviour,e.g.environment-friendly modes of transport,环境保护型运输模式,Exercises,Language Points,13/42,transportation(transport),n.,a system for carrying people for goods from one place to another using vehicles,公共交通运输系统,public transportation,e.g.The city is providing free transportation to the stadium from downtown.,本市现在提供从市中心到体育场无偿交通。,Exercises,Language Points,14/42,traverse,v.,(formal)to cross an area of land or water,e.g.We traverse the desert by truck.,我们乘卡车横穿沙漠。,Language Points,Exercises,我走过狭窄人行天桥。,I traversed the narrow pedestrian bridge.,15/42,wagon,n.,a railway truck for carrying goods,e.g.Dont overload a wagon.,不要使货车装载过重。,Language Points,一辆长长货车沿着山坡蜿蜒而行。,A long wagon train is snaking its way along the slope.,Exercises,16/42,allocate,v.,to give sth.officially to sb./sth.for a particular purpose,a.allocable,可分配；,n.allocation,分配,e.g.They intend to allocate more places to mature students this year.,今年他们打算给成人学生提供更多名额,.,Language Points,已划拨了一大笔款项给图书馆购置新书,.,A large sum of money has been allocated for buying new books for the library.,Exercises,17/42,capacity,n.,the ability to understand or to do sth.,能力,vt.,capacitate,使能够,e.g.Limited resources are restricting our capacity for developing new products.,有限资源正制约着我们开发新产品能力,.,Language Points,她尤其能吃苦耐劳,.,She has an enormous capacity for hard work.,Exercises,18/42,indigenously,adv.,belonging to a particular place rather than coming to it from somewhere else,e.g.Giant panda is indigenously living in China.,大熊猫原产于中国。,Language Points,a.indigenous,本土，当地,indigenously-developed,自主研发,19/42,terrain,n.,an area of land about its natural features,e.g.He had made a detailed study of the terrain.,他对地形做了缜密研究。,Language Points,多山地形,Exercises,mountainous terrain,20/42,establishment,n.,the act of starting or creating sth.,e.g.the establishment of diplomatic relations between the countries,国家间外交关系建立,Language Points,讲话人宣告了新学院成立。,The speaker announced the establishment of a new college.,Exercises,21/42,entity,n.,(formal)sth.that exists separately from other things and has its own identity,e.g.These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity.,这些国家不能再被看成是一个单独实体。,Language Points,作为一个独立法律实体，企业必须纳税。,As a separate legal entity,corporations must pay taxes.,Exercises,22/42,electrified,adj.,to make sth.work by using electricity,Language Points,这条铁路在,20,世纪,50,年代就实现了电气化。,The railway line was electrified in the 1950s.,23/42,-fold,suffix.,multiplied by,e.g.By the late eighties,their number had grown fourfold.,到八十年代末时候，他们数量已是原来四倍。,Language Points,税前利润几乎涨到了原来,12,倍。,Pretax profit surged almost twelvefold.,Exercises,24/42,respectively,adv.,in the same order as the people or things already mentioned,e.g.Julie and Mark,aged 17 and 19 respectively.,朱莉和马克，年纪分别为,17,岁和,19,岁。,Language Points,Two respectable teachers entered their offices respectively.,Exercises,两位值得尊敬老师进入各自办公室。,25/42,in terms of,used when you are referring to a particular aspect of sth.,e.g.What does it mean in terms of cost?,这在成本上意味着什么？,Language Points,Exercises,It cant be measured in terms of money.,这是不能用金钱衡量。,26/42,1.,铁路运输是中华人民共和国使用最普遍长途运输方式。作为中国国务院政府部门，铁道部负责几乎全部铁路运行。到,年底，中国铁路运行网横贯全国，总里程到达,91,000,公里，使之成为继美国和俄罗斯之后规模第三大铁路网。,年，中国铁路拥有约,603,，,082,辆货车，,49,355,节车厢，,18,922,辆机车，每日运行,38,000,次列车，包含约,3,，,500,列旅客列车。除了澳门尤其行政区之外，现行网络服务全部省份。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,27/42,2.,年,10,月，中国国务院同意了实施到,年一个新规模到达,2,万亿元铁路投资方案。这一新计划扩大了以前宣告,至,年第十一个五年计划期间投资额达,1.25,万亿元铁路建造计划。因为投资增加，中国铁路网已经由,年年底,78,000,公里增加到,年年底,91,000,公里，而且预计到,年年底会增加到,110,000,公里。据认为在政府日益重视铁路发展背后，货物运输量增加是一大动因，还有就是需要增加运力满足增加需求。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,28/42,3.,中国建造首条铁路是,1876,年建吴淞铁路。到了,1911,年，中国拥有,9,000,公里铁轨，然而，那时铁路都是有外国企业设计，建造，甚至拥有。第一条由中国人自己设计建造铁路是,1905,至,1909,年修建京张线，因为多山地形，这是十分艰巨一项工程。此线总工程师是被誉为中国铁路之父詹天佑。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,29/42,4.,中华人民共和国成立之后，新政府大力投资铁路网建设。从,50,年代到,70,年代，尤其是位于中国西部铁路线扩长了。修建于,1952,年至,1962,年长达,1900,公里兰州至乌鲁木齐线就是其中一例。在地势险峻西南，修建了好几条穿越大山铁路线，有,50,年代建宝成线，有,70,年代建成昆线。青藏线是难度最大，这条线最终于,年建成开行。现在，除了澳门之外，全部省份都连接在了这一庞大铁路网内。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,30/42,5-6.,不但中国铁路网自,49,年以来得到了扩大，中国也在铁 路技术方面取得了巨大进步。,从,1990,到,年，平均每年有约,1,，,092,公里新线，,837,公里多轨铁路，以及,962,公里电气化铁路开行，较之于前十年分别增加了,2.4,1.7,和,1.8,倍。,年底，运行铁路里程到达,74,200,公里，包含,24,100,公里多轨线和,18,900,公里电气化线。.到年底，中国运行铁路总里程已经到达110,000公里，依据十二五期间国家铁路发展计划，预计到年底总里程将达120,000公里。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,31/42,6.,中国现在已骄傲地建成世界第一大高铁网络。从全球来看，中国铁路运量位于世界上最前列，拥有世界,6%,运行里程，占,25%,世界运输总量。另外，中国在运量增加和运输设备使用上也遥遥领先。,译 文,中国铁路发展,Reading A,32/42,Task II,Task IV,Exercises,Task I,Task III,33/42,()1.In China,almost all rail transport is handled by the government.,()2.The first railroad in China did not exist until the establishment of New China.,()3.Zhan Tian You was a great railway engineer in China.,()4.Chinas rail transport volume is one of the worlds largest,having six percent of the worlds operating railways,and carrying 25 percent of the worlds total railway workload.,()5.China railway is developing very quickly to meet the demand of its economic development.,F,T,T,I.Decide wether the following statements true or false.,True or False,T,T,34/42,II.Translate the following into Chinese.,1.,Rail transport is the most commonly used mode of long-distance transportation in China.,铁路运输是中国最惯用长途运输方式。,2.,The chief engineer of this railway was Zhan Tianyou,who is known as the Father of Chinas Railway.,这条铁路总工程师是詹天佑，他被誉为“中国铁路之父”。,Translation,35/42,II.Translate the following into Chinese.,3.,Not only has the Chinese railway network expanded in size since 1949,but it has also seen great technological advances.,自,1949,年以来，中国铁路不但规模扩大，而且也见证了巨大技术进步。,4.,After the establishment of,new China,the new government invested heavily in the railway network.,中华人民共和国成立之后，新政府大力投资铁路网建设。,Translation,36/42,II.Translate the following into Chinese.,5.China also leads in terms of the growth rate of transport volume and use of transport equipment.,中国在运力增加及运输设备使用方面遥遥领先。,Translation,37/42,In China,almost all rail _are handled by the Ministry of Railways.Growth in _is thought to be one of the drivers behind the increased focus on rail.,After the establishment of new China,the government invested heavily in the railway_.In the 1950s and 1960s,several mountain railways were _.,transport,freight transport,network,constructed,III.Fill in the blanks with,appropriate words and expressions.,Fill in the blanks,38/42,3.,Not only has the Chinese railway network expanded in size since 1949,but it has also seen great _advances.From 1990 to,on average some 1,092 km of new railways,837 km of _,and 962 km of _railways were opened to traffic annually.,technological,mutiple track,electrified,III.Fill in the blanks with,appropriate words and expressions.,Fill in the blanks,39/42,4.On a global basis,Chinas _is one of the worlds largest,having six percent of the worlds operating railways,and carrying 25 percent of the worlds total railway_.,III.Fill in the blanks with,appropriate words and expressions.,Fill in the blanks,transport volume,workload,5.China also leads in terms of the growth rate of transport volume and use of transport _.,equipment,40/42,IV.,Read the passage again and discuss the following questions.,1.,What is the most commonly used mode of long distance transportation in China?Give a couple of examples to show that China has made great achievements in its railway development.,2.,What is the government department in charge of Chinas railway development?,Answer the questions,3.,In the history of Chinese railway development,who was considered the Father of Chinas Railway?What have you heard of him?,41/42,THE END,42/42,
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