book4unit3grammar.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,A SONG,LOVE,-,By John Lennon,Love is real;real is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,Love is touch;touch is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,Love is you,you and me.Love is _ we can be.,Love is free;free is love.Love is _;_ love.Love is _ to be loved.,feeling,feeling,wanting,reaching,reaching,asking,knowing,leaving,leaving,needing,Rod StewartI am _I am _home again cross the sea.I am _stormy waters to be near you to be free.I am _I am _like a bird cross the sky.I am_ _high clouds to be near you to be free.Can you hear me can you hear me thru the dark night far away?I am _forever _to be with you;who can say?,sailing,sailing,sailing,flying,flying,flying,passing,dying,crying,Can you hear me can you hear me thru the dark night far away?I am _ forever _to be with you;who can say?We are _we are _home again cross the sea.We are _stormy waters to be near you to be free.Oh Lord to be near you to be free.Oh Lord to be near you to be free.Oh Lord to be near you to be free.Oh Lord,dying,crying,sailing,sailing,sailing,Complete these sentences:,1.If you can keep _(read)English newspapers,your English will be improved.,2.He has promised _(come)to my birthday party.,3.I hate _(tell)lies!,4.*I will never forget _(go)to Beijing with him last summer.,*I forgot _(tell)her the news;so she knew nothing about it.,reading,to come,telling/to tell,going,to tell,Please rewrite the sentences(Page 13 Ex.2),1.,Helping,people in need of help is nice.,2.,Growing,super hybrid rice is not easy.,3.,Learning,more about farming is not difficult.,4.,Doing,research in the countryside is not as easy as in the city.,5.,Getting,rid of hunger is very important in some African countries.,6.,Explaining,this again is important or we will get confused.,请说明划线部分的句子成分,I,lost my umbrella.,She,does,her homework every day.,She plays,the violin,carefully.,The boy is very,naughty,.,We made him,cry,.,This is a,fantastic,book.,I have two foreign friends,a Canadianand an American,.,Dont step,on the grass,.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,同位语,状语,时 态 和 语 态,类 别,及 物,动 词,不及物动词,形式,主 动,被 动,主 动,一般式,doing,being done,doing,完成式,having done,having been done,having done,功能及用法(,作主语,),1)学习新单词对我来说非常重要。,_,is very important for me,2)说比做容易。,_ is easier than doing.,Learning new words,Talking,3)和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。,_ with Shylock,It is useless,trying,to argue,用形式主语it，把真正的主语动名词结构移置句尾。,但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词,，,如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。,如：,动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。,1作主语.动名词作主语时，句子有三种形式：,1,)这种事开不得玩笑。,Here is _ about such matter.,2)无法知道他什么时候离开。,There was _ when he would leave.,功能及用法,(,作主语,),no joking,no knowing,在there be结构中作主语，这种结构的意思相当于“It is impossible to do”,如,There is no doing：,我们不知道要去哪儿。,There was no knowing where we would go.,做这件傻事毫无意义。,_,注意：There is no need to do sth 干没必要，在此句式中to do 不可换为doing.,没有必要告诉她。,_,而在,Its important /Its necessary /Its advisable /Its essential /Its fitting,这类句型中，只能用不定式，,如：,Its important to learn foreign languages.,Its quite necessary to read it many times.,There is no point doing such a silly thing.,There is no need to tell her.,二、功能及用法,(,作主语,),用-ing形式作主语的句型有：,It+be+a waste of time doing,做是浪费时间的,It is/was no good/use doing,做是没用处的,It is useless doing,It is/was worthwhile doing,做是值得的,There is no doing,无法,，不允许,There is no sense in doing,做没有道理,There is/was no use doing,干无意义,There is/was nothing worse than doing,没有比更糟的,There is/was no point doing,干无意义,提示：当动名词用作主语时，其逻辑主语由形容词性物主代词和名词所有格构成。,1)我姐姐病了，使我很担心。,My sisters being ill made we worried.,2)你正确未必就意味着我错了。,Your being right doesnt necessarily mean _.,my being wrong,二、功能及用法,(,作主语,),V-ing 做主语,_(play)with fire is dangerous.,Be careful!_(play)with fire will be dangerous.,to do,or,v-ing,?,Playing,To play,_(swim)is good for our health.,_(swim)in this river is not allowed,Swimming,To swim,表示一般或抽象的多次行为,具体的或一次性的动作,功能及用法 (,用作宾语,),looking for,I cant avoid_,Have you considered _ one special friend?,1)我不能不去。,2)你是否考虑过找一位挚友?,(一).（1）只能后接动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。,如：,(一)有些动词只能后接动名词作宾语；,(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）,(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,going,三。动名词作宾语,有三种情况。,常跟动词ing作宾语的动词歌诀:,考虑建议盼原谅，,承认推迟没得想，,避免错过继续练，,否认完成停能赏，,不禁介意准逃亡，,不准冒险凭想象。,consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,pardon,admit,delay/put off,fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practise,deny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciate,cant help,mind,allow/permit,escape,forbid,risk,imagine,动词,forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try,be used to,cant help,forget,regret,remember,后跟动名词，动名词表示已经发生的动作；后跟不定式表示将要发生的动作。,(二)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语。（有区别）,I forgot _to her.(我忘了曾经给她写过信）,I forgot _her about it.我忘了要告诉。）,I remember_ you somewhere in biejing.（see）,Remember _me tonight.(call),He regretted_ in the exam.(cheat),I regret _that we cant stay here any longer(say),writing,to tell,seeing,to call,cheating,to say,go on doing,继续做原来做的事,go on to do,接着做另一件事,mean doing,意味着要做某事,mean to do,想要做某事,stop doing,停止做某事,stop to do,停下来（别的事）,try doing,试着做某事,try to do,努力做某事,be used to doing,习惯于做某事,be used to do,被用来做某事,cant help doing,禁不住做某事,cant help to do,不能帮助做某事,1.He stopped _and have a rest.(smoke),2.He really must stop_,3.I once tried _French(learn),4.Lets try _at the back door.(knock),5.I didnt to mean _your feeling.(hurt),6.This word means _out at once.(set),7.I cant help _the room.for I am too busy(clean),8.After hearing the joke,we cant help _(laugh),9.Water is uesed to _flowers(water),10.I am used to _early.(get),11.Though it rained,they went on_.(work),12.We have finished Part 1.Lets go on _P 2(Learn),to smoke,smoking,to learn,knocking,to hurt,setting,to clean,laughing,water,getting up,working,to learn,(三)有些动词既可后接动名词也可接不定式作宾语.（没大区别）,1.一些表示喜好或开始动作的动词,like,love,hate,prefer,intend,begin,start continue,等，用不定式做宾语和v+ing形式做宾语，意义相差不大,1.I started _(work)here two years ago.,2.I intended _a poem in English.(write),3.They prefer _(spend)their summer vacation in the country,.,2.need/want/require/deserve,doing sth,.,=need/want/require/deserve,to be done.,4.We need _ friends(have),5.My hair needs_ (cut),6.My hair needs_.,to have,cutting.,to be cut,1.,出国旅行是很激动人心的,。,2,在这儿等是没用的,我们走吧,。,3,我记得在哪里见过他,。,4,我后悔没听你的劝告,。,5,帮助别人就是帮助你自己,。,Travelling abroad is very exciting.,Its no use waiting here.Lets go.,I remember seeing her somewhere.,I regret not following your advice.,Helping others means helping yourself.,Translation,Revision,-ing形式作主语和宾语的用法,Translate the following sentences into English.,1.对我来说学英语很难。,2.集邮是这个小男孩的爱好。,Learning English is difficult for me.,Collecting stamps is the little boys hobby.,3.,散步是我最喜欢的运动,4.吸烟会致癌。,5.我盼望很快再见你。,Walking is my favorite exercise.,Smoking can cause cancer.,Im looking forward to seeing you again soon.,6.,他承认钱是他拿的,7.,我禁不住笑了起来。,8.我天天吃同样的东西感到腻了。,He admitted taking the money.,I couldnt help laughing.,Im tired of having the same kind of food every day.,一、-ing形式作表语,-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、性质或情况。如：,Her hobby is,painting,.,我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。,-ing形式作表语,定语和 宾语补足语 的用法,她的业余爱好是画画。,My job is,looking after the children,.,His concern for his mother is most,touching,.,他对母亲的关爱很感人。,The lecture was so,boring,that he felt sleepy.,这节课太枯燥了，他都睡觉了。,sleeping,students,a,boring,lesson,a,smiling,face,一、The-ing form used as Attribute,（-ing,形式作定语）,boiling,water,flying,kites,a,dancing,girl,the,rising,sun,(1)a,swimming,man,(2)a,swimming,pool,(2)a,walking,stick,(1)a,walking,man,=a man,who is walking,=,a stick,for walking,Whats the difference between(1)and(2)?,二、-ing形式作定语,1.单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰,名词的前面,，既可以表示被修饰者的,作用或功能,，也可以表示被修饰者的,动作或状态,。如：,building,materials,=materials for building 建筑材料,a,walking,stick,=a stick for walking 手杖,a,reading,room,=a room for reading 阅览室,tiring,music,=music that is tiring 烦人的音乐,a,surprising,result,=a result that is surprising,一个惊人的结果,2.-ing形式短语作定语时,放在所修饰的,名词之后,并且在意思上相当于一个,定语从句,。如：,Anybody,swimming in this river,will be fined.,=Anybody,who is swimming in this river,will be fined.,在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。,They lived in a room,facing the street,.,=They lived in a room,that faces the,street,.,The man,standing there,is Peters,father.,=The man,who is standing there,is,Peters father.,他们住在一间面朝街的房子。,站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。,3.-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：,His brother,working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.,=His brother,who is working as a teacher,lives in Beijing.,他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。,三、-,ing形式作,宾语补足语,1)动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在,宾语后面,，,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,如：,I saw the boy rushing into the building,我看见那个男孩冲进那座大厦。,We found the snake,eating,the eggs.,I found a bag,lying,on the ground.,The boss kept the workers,working,the whole night.,1.我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。,2.我发现地板上放着一个包。,3.那老板让工人整夜地工作。,2 当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。如：,They found the result very,satisfying,.,=The result is found very,satisfying,.,这个结果很令人满意。,3.能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:,1)表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,look at,listen to等。如：,We saw a light,burning,in the window.,I felt somebody,patting,me on the shoulder.,2)表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：,I wont,have,you,doing,that.,This,set,me,thinking,.,Im sorry to have,kept,you,waiting,.,I cant,get,the clock,going,again.,动词,-ing,形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。,小 结 3,能跟,-ing,形式作宾语补足语的常见动词有：,“四让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”,。简单又好记！,let,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel 等。,怎么记,？,二、-ing形式作状语,-ing短语在句子中可作状语，来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、让步或伴随等情况。-ing短语作状语一般表示一个次要的动作，一般都可以变为相应的状语从句或并列句。,1.作时间状语,-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。如：,Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,=When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.,当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。,Having received his letter,I decided to write back.,=,After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.,收到他的信后，我决定给他回信。,2.作原因状语,-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。如：,Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.,=,Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.因为太生气了，他不能入睡。,Having been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,=,Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,因为他已经去过长城许多次，上周他就没去。,3.作条件状语,-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：,Working hard,you will succeed.,=,If you work hard,you will succeed.,如果你勤奋一点，你就会成功。,Being given more attention,the trees could have grown better.,=,If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.如果对这些树再多注意些，它们可能长得更好。,4.作让步状语,-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if,though 连用。如：,Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,=,Although his father worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.,虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命地干活，但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。,5.作伴随状语,置于句首或句末。如：,They came into the classroom,singing and laughing,.,=,They sang and laughed,;they came into the classroom.,他们又唱又笑地走进教室。,When working,in the factory,he was,an advanced worker.,=,When he worked in the factory,he,was an advanced worker.,注意：,1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：,Though willing,to attend the party,he,refused the invitation.,=Though he was willing to attend the,party,he refused the invitation.,While staying,in Beijing,he came to see,me twice.,=While he was staying in Beijing,he,came to see me twice.,If playing,all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,=If you play all day,you will waste,your valuable time.,Though raining,heavily,it cleared up very soon.,=Though it was raining heavily,it,cleared up very soon.,2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：,He,traveled on the plane like this,keeping,the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,=When he traveled on the plane like this,he,kept the tortoise hidden in a blanket.,1.a.Hearing the news,tears ran down her face.,b.Hearing the news,she cried out sadly.,2.a.Entering the classroom,I found nobody in it.,b.Entering the classroom,nobody was found in it.,Choose the correct sentence.,3.a.Looking out through the window,the garden was beautiful.,b.Looking out through the window,we saw a beautiful garden.,4.a.Reading the evening newspaper,a dog started barking.,b.I was reading the evening newspaper when a dog started barking.,5.a.Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,b.It being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。,如：,He sat there,not knowing,what to say.,1.Sixty million people _(live)in rural areas are moving to the cities every year.,2.The bottle _(contain)the poison was sent to the laboratory.,Practice,living,containing,Fill in the blanks with the verb given in its proper form.,3.The man _(sit)on the platform is a professor from Wuhan University.,4.Who is that girl _(walk)along the river?,5.The children _(practise)playing the violin over there will give a performance next week.,sitting,walking,practising,6.The man with sun-glasses _(stand)near a car is a detective.,7.The old lady _(talk)to the children is a famous musician.,8.The person _(translate)the songs can speak seven languages.,standing,talking,translating,9.I saw them _(force)the door open with a hammer.,10.We heard them _(quarrel)about money after the concert;they looked very angry.,11.I heard him _(drop)lots of coins into the collecting tin.,forcing,quarreling,dropping,12.You can see them _(perform)every night this week at the New Theatre.,13.I could hear them _(whisper)to each other during the first part of the play.,14.We watched the army _(march)down the street towards the park.,performing,whispering,marching,15.I saw the people _(enter)the,theatre,and there were 286 of them.,16.We watched three old men _,(share)their food with each other.,17.We watched the children _,(dive)into the water from the top,diving board.,18.I noticed you _ the performers,with the ticket sales.That was kind,of you.,entering,sharing,diving,helping,Rewrite the following sentences with attributive clauses.,The teacher,teaching,us English,is Mr.Qi.,=The teacher,who is teaching us English,is Mr.Qi.,The people,sitting behind,us,are all teachers.,The expert,coming from Huaian,is a lady,called Ms Cai.,=The people,who are sitting behind us,are all teachers.,=The expert,who comes from Huaian,is a lady called Ms Cai.,一.V-ing 形式用法归纳,（一）完成句子。,1.你是否考虑过找一位挚友?,Have you considered,one,special friend?,2.在这个城市生活了三年，她对这里很了解。,(live)in this city for three years,she knows it very well.,3.,正在讨论的问题很重要。,The question,(discuss)is very,important.,looking for,Having lived,being discussed,一.V-ing 形式用法归纳,4.他没来使在场的每个人都很失望。,(come)made everyone present very disappointed.,5.我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。,I felt my heart,(beat)violently.,6.他最大的快乐是帮助别人。,His great happiness is,(help)other people.,His not coming,beating,helping,一.V-ing 形式用法归纳,用法归纳：,1,V-ing,形式作为,_,动词中的一种，在 句中可以作,_,语,(,如句,1),_,语,(,句,2),，,_,语,(,句,3),_,语,(,句,4),_,语,(,句,5),_,语,(,句,6),。,2,V-ing,形式的完成式为,_(,句,2),；否定形式为,_(,句,4),；被动形式为,_(,句,3).,非谓语,宾,状,定,主,宾语补足语,表,having done,not doing,being done,一.V-ing 形式用法归纳,（二）翻译句子。,1.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。,.He is not willing to come.,2.,他们更喜欢在大连度暑假。,They,their summer vacation in Dalian.,3.(1),很遗憾地告诉你，我明天必须离开了。,I,I must leave tomorrow.,It is no use telephoning him,prefer to spend/prefer spending,regret to tell you,一.V-ing 形式用法归纳,(2),没能更早地告诉她，我很后悔,.,I,her earlier.,4.这个老大娘需要细心地照料。,The old woman requires,/,.,5.(1),他看见一个女孩在上公共汽车。,He saw a girl,.,(2),他看见一个女孩上公共汽车后开走了。,H