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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Lesson One,Face to Face with Hurricane Camill,e,by Joseph P.Blank,1/75,Background Knowledge,1.,About the author:,Joseph p.Blank,（约瑟夫布兰克）,the writer published Face to Face with Hurricane Camille in the Readers Digest,March 1970.,2.,Hurricane Camille,（卡米尔号飓风）,:In the United States hurricanes are named alphabetically and given the names of people like Hurricane Camille,Hurricane Betsy,and so on;whereas in China Typhoons are given serial numbers like Typhoon No.1,Typhoon No.2 and so on.,2/75,3.,The Salvation Army,（救世军）,:A Protestant religious body devoted to the conversion of,and social work among the poor,and characterized by use of military titles,uniforms,etc.It was founded in 1878 by General Booth in London;now worldwide in operation.,救世军，国际基督教慈善组织，其职能是扶危济困。为提升工作效率，其组织形式和活动方式均拟军队形式，有军衔、军服。救世军组织现已遍布80多个国家，国际总部设在伦敦。该组织创世人是卫理工会牧师、后成为救世军总司令“布斯将军”。,3/75,4.,Red Cross,（红十字会）,:an international organization(in full,Internation Red Cross,)founded in 1864 with headquarters and branches in all countries signatory to the Geneva Convention,for the relief of sufferingt in time of war or disaster.,红十字会，据1864年日内瓦条约要求照料在战争中受伤、有病和无家可归人一个国际组织，现也在自然灾害发生时或之后进行救助。,4/75,4.,National Guard,（国民警卫队）,：,Each state has its own organization of the National Guard.It is composed of ordinary citizens who may be called to duty at any time.,5.,Civil Defense Unit,（,民防队,）,play much the same role,but are not military in nature,.,5/75,T,he Beaufort,S,cale,After Sir Francis Beaufort(1774-1857),Brit naval officer who devised this original scale(1806),a scale of wind force and speed.,蒲福风级:英国海军将领,Francis Beaufort,(,1774-1857,),拟订,分,0-12,级,6/75,T,he Beaufort,S,cale,Number Description m.p.h.,0,clam breeze,无风,0,1,light breeze,软风,1-3,2,slight breeze,轻风,4-7,3,gentle breeze,微风,8-12,4,moderate breeze,和风,1318,5,fresh breeze,清风,1924,6,strong breeze,强风,25-31,7,moderate gale,疾风,32-38,8,fresh gale,大风,39-46,9,strong gale,烈风,47-54,10,whole gale,狂风,55-63,11,storm,暴风,64-75,12,hurricane,飓风,over 75,mph=miles per hour,7/75,风级歌,零级烟柱直冲天；,一级轻烟随风偏；,二级轻风吹满面；,三级叶动红旗展；,四级枝摇飞纸片；,五级带叶小树摇；,六级举伞步行难；,七级迎风走不便；,八级风吹树枝断；,九级屋顶飞瓦片；,十级拔树又倒屋；,十一二级陆少见。,8/75,9/75,10/75,11/75,12/75,13/75,typhoon,cyclone,hurricane,Typhoon:Storms over the West Pacific Ocean and China seas.,Cyclone:Storms over the Indian Ocean.,Hurricane:storms over North Atlantic Ocean,the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico;a violent tropical cyclone with winds moving at 73 or more miles per hour，often accompanied by torrential rains.,14/75,Four kinds of writing styles,1)narration 记叙文,2)description 描写文,3)exposition 说明文,4)argumentation 议论文,15/75,Detailed introduction to narration,protagonists vs.antagonists,actions,suspense/tension,climax,demouement,16/75,T,he literary style,A piece of narration is mainly developed in the actual time sequence.The writer tells the readers what happens first,what next.,chronological development,17/75,narration-story telling,extended narration-novels,histories,biographies,autobiographies,travelogues,18/75,1.characters2.plotA good story has a beginning,a middle,an end,even though it may start in the middle or at some other point in the action and move backward to the earlier happenings.,The essentials of narration,19/75,Narration is concerned with,action,.It goes around people called,characters,in some kind of struggle or,conflict,against other people,nature,society or themselves.,protagonist,-,leading character,antagonis,t-the people or forces,protagonist fights against,suspense,-a state of uncertainty,20/75,interposition,-,a passage which is put between the action,.,插叙,The purpose is to add more information,to create suspense,flashback,-interruption of chronological sequence by interjection of event of earlier occurrence,倒叙,climax,-the most exciting,important interesting part on the story,denouement,-the ending of a story,21/75,climax,falling action,denouement,rising action,conflict,suspense,ending,beginning,22/75,Compounds,television=tele+vision,a combining form tele-plus a noun vision,.Eg.telegram,telephone,telescope,telegraph,telecommunication,telecast,etc.,2.northwestward=,north+west+ward or northwest+ward.-ward is a suffix meaning“in a(specific)direction or course.,eg:eastward.westward.backward,upward,inward,outward,seaward,home-ward.etc.,23/75,Compounds,3.motel=motorist+hotel,a blend word formed by combining parts of other words.,eg:smog=smoke+fog,smaze=smoke+haze,brunch=breakfast+lunch,moped=motor+pedal,galumph=gallop+triumph,etc.,4.bathtub=bath+tub,a compound word formed by combining two nouns,.eg:bathrobe,bathroom.bedroom,roommate,butterfly,dragonfly,football,housekeeper,etc.,5.returnees=return+ees,a verb plus a noun forming suffix-ee designating a person in specified condition,.eg:employee,refugee,retiree,examinee,escapee,nominee,interviewee,divorcee.,24/75,T,heme,man vs,.,nature,25/75,The detailed study of the text,Radio and television.as Camille,lashed,.Mexico.（Para.1,line 3）,lash,-to strike with great force,;,to move violently or,suddenly,.Eg.,The waves lashed the racks,.,Eg.,The rain was lashing against,t,he windows.,26/75,It was certain to,pummel,Gulfport,Miss.,where the Koshaks lived.(Para.1,line5),pummel,(,pommel,).-,to beat suddenly or attack vigorously,;,to hit with repeated blows,.,Eg.The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.,Miss,.=Mississippi缩写,27/75,Gulfport,加佛港，美国密西西比州东南部城市，位于比洛克西以西墨西哥湾内。1891年起有移民定居，当初作为一个铁路终点站，1902年后发展为一个港口。,28/75,Trying to,reason out,the best,course of action,(para.,2,line 1),reason out:,推断出，合乎逻辑表示。,eg.The expert reasoned out a solution to the problem.这位教授分析推断出处理这个问题方法。,2.Set forth facts and reason things out.摆事实，讲道理,a course of action：,行动方针，行动策略，方法,29/75,Las Vegas,Las Vegas city,（拉斯维加斯）,is the seat of Clark County in South Nevada.In 1970 it had a population of 125,787 people.,Revenue from hotels,gambling,entertainment and other tourist-oriented industries,forms the,backbone,of Las Vegass economy.,Its,nightclubs,and,casinos,are world famous.The city is also the,commercial hub,of a,ranching and mining area,.In the 19th century Las Vegas was a watering place for travelers to South California.In 1867,Las Vegas was detached from the Arizona territory and joined to Nevada.,30/75,Las Vegas(para.2,line5),拉斯维加斯，世界著名,赌城,，在美国内华达州东南部，为克拉克县县城所在地。是美国,内华达州,最大城市，以赌博业为中心庞大旅游、购物、度假产业而著名，是世界著名度假圣地之一，城内多豪华旅馆，夜总会，赌场及异域风情游乐设施。自1931年实施赌博正当化以来，该城吸引了大量游客，市区人口和经济增加速度极快。,31/75,32/75,Four years earlier,Hurricane Betsy,had,demolished,his former home a few miles west of Gulfport.（para3，line 5）,四年前，倍特西飓风摧毁了他从前在加佛港西部以西几英里家。,Hurricane Betsy:,倍特西飓风，1965年9月710日横扫了美国弗罗里达州，密西西比州和路易斯安那州，造成74人死亡。,33/75,demolish,，destroy,raze,annihilate见课后题第七题,destroy一词最为常见，主要强调破坏力度之大和彻底，普通不带感情或修辞色彩。,demolish和raze通惯用于巨大物体，如大型建筑物等。demolish惯用引申义，指任何复合体被摧毁，如demolish a theory with a few incisive comments,意即“用几句尖锐评语推翻某种理论”，而raze几乎无一例外地用于指建筑物被毁。,annihilate在这些词中所表示损坏程度最为强烈，字面意思是“化为乌有”，但实际上往往用于指对人或物严重损伤，如annihilate an enemy force,是指使敌军遭到重创，不但没有还手之力，而且没有招架之功。如说annihilate ones opponent in a debate，是指彻底驳倒对手。,34/75,and were,a good,250 yards from the sea（para.3,line10）,a good,:at least;full,35/75,We can,batten down,and,ride it out,(Para.4,line2),：,we can make the necessary preparations and survicve the hurricane without much damage.（课后题4.3）,to batten down,-,metaphor,to secure with,battens,The elder Koshak is talking about preparing and securing the house for the storm to come.,ride out,:,安然度过（大风，风暴等），经受住,。,36/75,Gray clouds,scud,ded,in from the Gulf on the rising wind.(Para.6,line 1),The speed of these clouds is an indication of,the swiftness with which the storm is approaching.,37/75,A neighbor,whose husband was in Vietnam,asked if she and her two children could,sit out,the storm with the Koshaks:,（课后题6.2）,卡米尔飓风发生时1969年正值美国陷入越南战争泥潭，邻居丈夫当初正在越南打仗,sit out:,stay till the end of(a performance,etc.),38/75,Another neighbor,came by,on his way inlandwould,of his dog?(para6,line5),（课后题6.3）,another neighbor paid a visit on his way inland。,came by,:,pay a visit,（American English）,Next time youre over this way,come by.,39/75,句中破折号表示有些部分省略了，标准说法应为：,Another neighbor came by on his way inland and asked,if the Koshaks would mind would taking care of his dog.,文中此句破折号后部分既非直接引述邻居原话又没有按间接引述语法要求转述邻居问话，而直接保留问话形式，目标在于既,节约文字,又从中显出邻居行色急忙，慌不择言，让人感到一个,担心迫切气氛，也衬托出即未降临这场飓风凶猛可怕。,40/75,Wind and rain now,whipped,the house(para7,line1),修辞手法：metaphor,全句真正含义是：Strong wind and rain was lashing the house as if with a whip.,The,French doors,in an upstairs room,blew in,with an explosive.windows,disintegrated,.(Para.8,line 5),French door-,法兰西式两用门，门为双扇，上有玻璃格子，似窗,或 French windows落地窗。,blow in:,burst open by the storm,41/75,disinterate,decay,rot,spoil,molder,decompose（见课后题第七题）,decay 常指某物,自然而然,地逐步,衰败腐化,。如：His teeth have begun to decay.他牙齿开始老化变坏。,rot指,有机物质,，如蔬菜等因菌毒感染而腐败变质，如：rotting apples(烂了苹果),spoil用于,非正式,文体，常指食物变质。如Fish spoils quickly in summer.鱼在夏天极易变质。,molder用于指物体迟缓、逐步地,腐朽,。如：Old buildings molder away.老房子渐渐腐烂了。,42/75,disintegrate意指把某物从,整体变为碎片或一个个部分,。如Rocks disintegrated by frost and rain.被霜和雨蚀裂成碎块岩石。,decompose指将物质,分解为其组成成份,。如Water can be decompose(d)into hydrogen and oxygen.水能够分解成氢和氧。该词还能够用来代替rot,使语气略显委婉。,43/75,The generator was,doused,(Para.9,line4),(见习题6.5),douse,-put out(a light,，,fire,，generation,etc.,),quickly by pouring water over it,熄灭（灯或火）,The electrical systems had been,killed,by water.(para11,line3)(练习6.6),kill,-(American English)to cause(an engine,etc.)to stop,and the water was rising,by,the minute,(para.9,line7):,水时刻都在涨,by,:in the amount of 按计算,Eg.Rent a house by the month,44/75,Everybody out the back door to the cars!,(Para.10,line1),无动词祈使句,。经常以介词替换谓语动作，亦可看作是谓语动词省略情况(即,elliptical,).“everybody go out the back door and go to the car”。本文其它这类句子：,Everybody on the stairs!(=Everybody go and sit on the stairs)(Para.12,line1),Up the stairs!(=Go up the stairs!),Into our bedroom!(=Go into our bedroom),Into the television room!(=Go into the television room!),45/75,The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away:(para.13,line1),修辞手法：,simile,把,the sound of the,wind,比作,the roar of a passing train,46/75,We can,prop it up,with our heads and shoulders.(Para.25,line 3),sentence meaning:,我们能够用头和肩膀把它支撑起来！,Prop,up,:use a prop or props to raise sth.And prevent it from falling;support支撑；支持,例：The patient lay with his head propped up on three pillows.病人躺着，用三个枕头垫着头。,47/75,A third wall,gave way,.(Para.26,line 6),Sentence meaning,:Another wall collapsed.又一面墙坍毁了。,Give way,:,collapse from or as if from physical pressure 坍毁,例：The ladder gave way.梯子坍毁了。,48/75,and parts of the beach and highway were,strewn,with dead dogs,cats cattle.(Para.28,line 4),Sentence meaning,:海滩和公路一些地方散落着死狗、死猫、死牛。,Strew:,v.spread here and there;,scatter 撒，使散落,49/75,Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees.(Para.28,line5),被撕成布条衣服挂在树上，像是用花彩来装饰树。,修辞手法：,metaphor,。,50/75,Camille,meanwhile,had,raked,its way northward across Mississippi:（Para.32,line 1）,sentence meaning:,与此同时，卡米尔飓风已经向北横扫了密西西比州。,rake:,v.(fig.)pass over or through a surface or medium with a continuous movement;lash（比喻）擦过，扫过，席卷,Eg.The typhoon raked its way over South China sea.台风横扫了南海。,51/75,.causing,rampaging,floods:.bringing about violent floods.（Para.32,line 3）引发了洪水泛滥,rampage,:v.move about widly or violently暴跳，横冲直撞,例：Efforts were made to prevent the buffalo rampaging through the village.人们努力阻止水牛在村子里横冲直撞。,52/75,.and he,pitched in,with,Seabees,in the worst volunteer work of all（Para.33,line 5）,sentence meaning:,他和美国海军修建营组员一道努力投入到全部志愿者工作中最艰辛工作。,Seabee,:,美国海军修建营组员，包含机匠、木工、电焊工及其它建筑工人，其主要任务是修建海军航导基地和设施，普通不参加战斗。,53/75,But,the blues,did occasionally afflict all the adults:（para.36,line 1）,不过忧郁情绪不时地折磨全部成年人。,The blues:,1.(pl.)(used with a sing.Or pl.verb)a state of depression or melancholy(复数形式)（与单数或复数动词连用）忧郁，郁闷,例：The blues has finally gotten me today.忧郁情结今天最终还是降临到我心头。,2.（音乐）蓝调音乐布鲁斯：一个源于美国南部黑人通俗歌曲音乐格调，通常表现为音速低缓，演奏第三和第七音节降音调。,54/75,Organizational pattern,Sect I.para 1-6 introduction the setting of the story,background,information,time,place characters,reasons,actions,55/75,Sect II para 7-2,6,How the family was brought face to face with the hurricane.,How the family was fighting against it and survived.,How many onslaughts did the hurricane make on the Koshaks?,56/75,4 onslaughts,1.(p7),on the first floor,the house was leaking.They used all kinds of utensils to fight against the water.,2.(p 8-13),on the staircase,When the sea water reached the house,they retreated to the staircase,57/75,4 onslaughts,3.(p 14-21),in the bedroom,When the stirs were broken,they retreated to the bedroom.,(p 19-20),interposition,(插叙),1.,giving additional information about the devastating force of the hurricane,implying if anyone could survive,it must be a miracle.,2.,creating suspense,4,.(p22-26),in the TV room,When the bedroom walls collapsed,they had to retreat to the TV room.,58/75,para 19 20,Two paras were put in to provide further official account to show how strong and forceful the hurricane was.They were convincing.,59/75,Dear Lord,give me.,Why no quotation marks?The writer wants to make his account smooth.He purposely omits quotation marks.The action is quickened and smooth.,60/75,Organizational pattern,Sect.III para 2739 conclusion(a bit too long)the scene after the storm the relief work done by the state the relief work done by the Koshaks,61/75,Organizational pattern,The most important part is the last para.I realize we lost nothing important.,What s the purpose behind the story by giving us a reflection from grandmother?,Human beings are more important than anything else in the world.(the material things),62/75,Language features,1.the effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is the only way to focus on action,esp.one,syllable verbs,because one syllable verbs save time.,lash,lap,skim,scud,yell,dump,shot,snap,hit,whip,2.,short elliptical sentences,a)increase the tempo of action,b)create the atmosphere of tension,danger and urgency,63/75,3.successful achievement of,chronological,development,Chronological development is achieved by:,connectors,-so,then,but.,transitional phrases,-seconds later,after that,for an instant,by this time,etc,.,4.the words with,which vividly describe the violence of the hurricane.,-quick,unpleasant effect lash,crack,snap,slashing,smash,shatter,rampage,collapse,lap,64/75,3.Because salty water was sea water.It showed that the sea water had reached the house.they were in real trouble for they might be washed into the sea by the tidal wave.,65/75,4.She feared death would soon come,and she wanted to remind her husband of her undying love.This would help to encourage each other and make them feel better to face the death.,5.Because he had not been cautious enough to move the family away from the danger zone before the storm arrived.,66/75,6.In order to get their minds off the storm and make them feel less afraid.,7.John was trying his best to comfort and encourage his wife,for he also felt they were going to die.,67/75,Exercise III,1.Background and historical facts about the Koshak family and Hurrican
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