资源描述
单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,系列丛书,进入导航,高三总复习,人教版,英语(湖北专用),系列丛书,进入导航,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,高三总复习,人教版,英语(湖北专用),*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第1页,必备知识梳理,第2页,第3页,1复合名词主要组成方式,名词名词,blood test 验血;half,moon 半月(形);silkworm 蚕;classroom 教室;airport 飞机场,形容词名词,double,dealer两面派;shorthand速记;greenhouse温室,v,.,ing名词,reading room阅览室;meeting room会议室;swimming pool游泳池,动词名词,breakwater防波堤;pickpocket扒手,名词,v,.,ing,handwriting字迹;sunbathing日光浴,动词副词,get,together联欢会;breakthrough突破,副词动词,downfall垮台;outbreak暴发,第4页,2.复合形容词主要组成方式,形容词名词ed,coldblooded冷血;kindhearted心肠好,形容词名词,highclass高级,形容词,v,.ing,goodlooking好看;easygoing随和;finesounding动听,形容词过去分词,newborn新生;readymade现成,形容词形容词,darkblue深蓝色;lightgreen浅绿色,名词,v,.ing,lifesaving救生;oceangoing远洋,名词过去分词,handmade手工制作;icecovered冰雪覆盖,第5页,名词形容词,nationwide全国性;icecold冰凉,数词名词ed,oneeyed独眼;twofaced双面,数词名词形容词,fiveyearold五周岁;twometretall两米高,第6页,3.复合动词主要组成方式,名词动词,sleepwalk梦游,副词动词,overcome克服;undergo经历;overthrow推翻;understand明白,形容词动词,white,wash粉刷;blacklist列入黑名单,第7页,4复合代词主要组成方式,代词宾格或物主代词self(selves),ourselves我们自己;herself她自己;themselves他们自己,一些不定代词some(any,no,every)body(one,thing),everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something,第8页,二、转化法,转化法是由一个词类转化为一个或几个词类构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变,转化后单词在意义上通常与原单词有亲密联络。现就常见转化法分类列举并归纳以下:,名词转化为动词,face脸,face面对,hand手,hand传递,nurse护士,nurse护理,形容词转化为动词,dirty脏dirty弄脏,narrow窄narrow变窄,clean洁净clean清扫,第9页,动词转化为名词,find发觉find发觉物,divide划分divide分界处,waste浪费waste废物,形容词转化为名词,daily每日daily日报,weekly每七天weekly周刊,形容词转化为副词,deep深deep深深地,sure确信sure确实,第10页,三、派生法,派生法是英语主要构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀,制造出派生词,主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。,1前缀构词法,前缀是加在一个词根前面音节,它并不是独立单词,但本身有一定含义,它不改变词性,但改变原词义。,第11页,常见前缀:,前缀,例词,dis,(不,否定),dissatisfy使不满意;dishonest不老实,un,(不),unable不能够;unlucky不幸,un,(做相反动作),undress脱衣服;unload卸货,in,(不,非),inactive不活跃;incorrect不正确,im,(不,非),impolite没有礼貌;impossible不可能,ir,(不,非),irregular不规则;irresponsible不负责任,il,(不,非),illogical不合逻辑;illegal非法,第12页,前缀,例词,non,(不,非),nonexistent不存在;nonstop直达,mis(错误;坏),misunderstand误解;misfortune厄运,re,(重复,再),rewrite重写;remarry再婚,en,(使可能),enrich丰富;enable使能够,ex(以前,前任),ex,president前任主席/总统;ex,wife前妻,super,(在,上面;超级),supermarket超市;supermodel超级名模,under,(在,之下),underestimate低估;underground地下,第13页,前缀,例词,sub,(在,下;次于;低于),subway地(下)道;地铁;submarine潜水艇,inter,(相互之间),international国际;interact相互作用,semi,(半),semi,final半决赛;semicircle半圆,multi(多,各种),multinational跨国;multicoloured各种颜色,kilo,(千),kilometre,千米,公里;,kilogram,千克,centi,(一百;百分之一),centimetre,厘米;,centigram,厘克,milli,(毫;千分之一),millimetre,毫米;,milligram,毫克,第14页,前缀,例词,tele,(远),telephone电话;television电视,a,(,在,上,/,里;向,),aboard在船,/火车/,飞机上;ahead在前面;aside在旁边;abroad在国外,auto(自己,独自),automobile机动车,汽车;autobiography自传,over(太,完全,过分,多),overfull太满,过多;overstudy用功过分,extra,(额外,以外,特殊),extraordinary非凡;extramarital婚外,pre,(预先,在,之前),predict预告;preview预习,第15页,2.后缀构词法,后缀是加在一个单词后面音节,它本身普通也有一定含义,能够改变单词词性,有也能够改变词义。,(1)名词后缀,后缀,例词,age(状态;集合),shortage缺乏;marriage婚姻,an/ian(人,,家),American美国人;Italian意大利人;musician音乐家,ence/ency(组成抽象名词),dependence依靠;frequency频率,ance(性质,状态),importance主要性;significance意义,第16页,后缀,例词,ant/,ent(人),assistant助手;student学生,cion,/,sion/,tion/,ation(动作,状态),suspicion怀疑;tension担心;repetition重复;preparation准备,ee(动作承受者或受影响者),employee受雇者;refugee难民,er/,or(人或物),writer作家;actor演员;cooker炊具;tractor拖拉机,ess(女性),actress女演员;waitress女服务员;hostess女主人,ism(主义,,教),communism共产主义;socialism社会主义;Buddhism佛教,第17页,后缀,例词,ist(主义者,,家),communist共产主义者;dentist牙科教授;physicist物理学家,ment(行为;结果;状态;性质),argument争论;government政府;development发展,ship(关系,身份),friendship情谊;citizenship公民身份,hood(身份;性质;时代),childhood童年;neighbourhood街区;knighthood骑士身份,ty(状态;性质),plenty大量;difficulty困难;anxiety焦虑,ure(结果;行为;状态;实物),pressure压力;picture图画;pleasure高兴,al(动作过程;结果),arrival抵达;approval同意,第18页,(2)形容词后缀,后缀,例词,able,/,ible/,ble,unbelievable不可信;tolerable可忍受;responsible负责,al,national国家;continental大陆,ed,learned有学识;talented有才华,en,golden金色;woolen毛(织);wooden木制,ful,beautiful漂亮;useful有用;colourful多彩,ic/ical,economic经济;political政治;electronic电子,ish,childish幼稚;selfish自私,第19页,后缀,例词,ive,active主动;productive有生产力;creative有创造力,less,useless无用;careless粗心;meaningless无意义,ly,friendly友好;deadly致命;weekly每星期,ous/,ious,dangerous危险;glorious光荣;famous著名,ward,downward向下;backward向后,y,rainy多雨;noisy喧华;snowy下雪,第20页,(3)动词后缀,后缀,例词,en(使变得,使成为,),lengthen延长;harden使变得坚固;deepen加深,fy(使,化),satisfy使满意;beautify美化;simplify简化,ize/,ise(使,变成,),realiz(s)e实现;industrializ(s)e使工业化,第21页,(4)副词后缀,后缀,例词,ly,carefully小心地;beautifully漂亮地;quickly快速地,ward(s),forward向前;backwards向后;downwards向下;upwards向上,第22页,自主巩固练习,用所给单词适当形式填空,(1)Her preparation course is helping her to get used to _(academy)requirements of a Western university.,(2)A fireman _(accident)discovered the cause of the fire.,(3)It cost _(approximate)$300,I cant remember it exactly.,(4)_(beg)can,t be choosers.,第23页,(5)Other disabled people find the website _(benefit)because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.,(6)She glanced _(casual)through a magazine as she waited.,(7)The two of them are in a _(compare)financial situation.,(8)He quit playing _(compete)football at the age of 24.,第24页,(9)Mans social being determines his _(conscious),(10)The caf has a relaxed _(continent)feel about it.,(11)She has played a _(decide)role in the peace negotiation.,(12)The man standing there is a _(distinguish)novelist and philosopher.,(13)It is a _(drama)story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars.,第25页,(14)The teachers are very _(enthusiasm)and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.,(15)Building a new factory there would be _(environment)disastrous.,(16)Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the _(honour)soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.,(17)To say you were _(ignore)of the rules is no excuse.,(18)Tourists shouldnt miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most _(impress)routes.,第26页,(19)His hesitation indicates _(will),(20)You should _(loose)up your muscles before playing any sport.,(21)This will help us achieve _(modern),(22)Some groups,_(name)students and pensioners(退休人员),will benefit from the new tax.,(23)Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic _(necessary),(24)He breathed _(noise)through his nose.,第27页,(25)He can be very _(persuade),(26)The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech _(plenty)of humor.,(27)Our income has got smaller,so we must be _(reality)and sell our car.,(28)The young woman is a _(reception)in a five,star hotel of international standard.,(29)These resources can be _.(access),(30)My grandfather is _(energy)and never feels tired.,第28页,答案,1.academic2.accidentally3.approximately,4Beggars5.beneficial6.casually,parablepetitive 9consciousness,10.continental11.decisive12.distinguished,13Dramatic 14.Enthusiastic,15.environmentally 16.honourable,17ignorant18.impressive19.unwillingness,20.loosen,第29页,21modernization22.namely23.necessity24.noisily25.persuasive26.plentiful27.realistic28.receptionist29.accessible30.energetic,第30页,
展开阅读全文