高三英语总复习之语法专项突破一轮复习语法专项十六构词法市公开课一等奖省优质课赛课一等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,系列丛书,进入导航,高三总复习,人教版,英语（湖北专用）,系列丛书,进入导航,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,高三总复习,人教版,英语（湖北专用）,*,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第1页,必备知识梳理,第2页,第3页,1复合名词主要组成方式,名词名词,blood test 验血；half,moon 半月(形)；silkworm 蚕；classroom 教室；airport 飞机场,形容词名词,double,dealer两面派；shorthand速记；greenhouse温室,v,.,ing名词,reading room阅览室；meeting room会议室；swimming pool游泳池,动词名词,breakwater防波堤；pickpocket扒手,名词,v,.,ing,handwriting字迹；sunbathing日光浴,动词副词,get,together联欢会；breakthrough突破,副词动词,downfall垮台；outbreak暴发,第4页,2.复合形容词主要组成方式,形容词名词ed,coldblooded冷血；kindhearted心肠好,形容词名词,highclass高级,形容词,v,.ing,goodlooking好看；easygoing随和；finesounding动听,形容词过去分词,newborn新生；readymade现成,形容词形容词,darkblue深蓝色；lightgreen浅绿色,名词,v,.ing,lifesaving救生；oceangoing远洋,名词过去分词,handmade手工制作；icecovered冰雪覆盖,第5页,名词形容词,nationwide全国性；icecold冰凉,数词名词ed,oneeyed独眼；twofaced双面,数词名词形容词,fiveyearold五周岁；twometretall两米高,第6页,3.复合动词主要组成方式,名词动词,sleepwalk梦游,副词动词,overcome克服；undergo经历；overthrow推翻；understand明白,形容词动词,white,wash粉刷；blacklist列入黑名单,第7页,4复合代词主要组成方式,代词宾格或物主代词self(selves),ourselves我们自己；herself她自己；themselves他们自己,一些不定代词some(any,no，every)body(one,thing),everyone;everybody;everything;anyone;anybody;anything;nothing;something,第8页,二、转化法,转化法是由一个词类转化为一个或几个词类构词法。这种构词法词形没有改变，转化后单词在意义上通常与原单词有亲密联络。现就常见转化法分类列举并归纳以下：,名词转化为动词,face脸,face面对,hand手,hand传递,nurse护士,nurse护理,形容词转化为动词,dirty脏dirty弄脏,narrow窄narrow变窄,clean洁净clean清扫,第9页,动词转化为名词,find发觉find发觉物,divide划分divide分界处,waste浪费waste废物,形容词转化为名词,daily每日daily日报,weekly每七天weekly周刊,形容词转化为副词,deep深deep深深地,sure确信sure确实,第10页,三、派生法,派生法是英语主要构词法。此方法是借助于前缀或后缀，制造出派生词，主要有名词、形容词和动词三种。,1前缀构词法,前缀是加在一个词根前面音节，它并不是独立单词，但本身有一定含义，它不改变词性，但改变原词义。,第11页,常见前缀：,前缀,例词,dis,(不，否定),dissatisfy使不满意；dishonest不老实,un,(不),unable不能够；unlucky不幸,un,(做相反动作),undress脱衣服；unload卸货,in,(不，非),inactive不活跃；incorrect不正确,im,(不，非),impolite没有礼貌；impossible不可能,ir,(不，非),irregular不规则；irresponsible不负责任,il,(不，非),illogical不合逻辑；illegal非法,第12页,前缀,例词,non,(不，非),nonexistent不存在；nonstop直达,mis(错误；坏),misunderstand误解；misfortune厄运,re,(重复，再),rewrite重写；remarry再婚,en,(使可能),enrich丰富；enable使能够,ex(以前，前任),ex,president前任主席/总统；ex,wife前妻,super,(在,上面；超级),supermarket超市；supermodel超级名模,under,(在,之下),underestimate低估；underground地下,第13页,前缀,例词,sub,(在,下；次于；低于),subway地(下)道；地铁；submarine潜水艇,inter,(相互之间),international国际；interact相互作用,semi,(半),semi,final半决赛；semicircle半圆,multi(多，各种),multinational跨国；multicoloured各种颜色,kilo,(千),kilometre,千米，公里；,kilogram,千克,centi,(一百；百分之一),centimetre,厘米；,centigram,厘克,milli,(毫；千分之一),millimetre,毫米；,milligram,毫克,第14页,前缀,例词,tele,(远),telephone电话；television电视,a,(,在,上,/,里；向,),aboard在船,/火车/,飞机上；ahead在前面；aside在旁边；abroad在国外,auto(自己，独自),automobile机动车，汽车；autobiography自传,over(太，完全，过分，多),overfull太满，过多；overstudy用功过分,extra,(额外，以外，特殊),extraordinary非凡；extramarital婚外,pre,(预先，在,之前),predict预告；preview预习,第15页,2.后缀构词法,后缀是加在一个单词后面音节，它本身普通也有一定含义，能够改变单词词性，有也能够改变词义。,(1)名词后缀,后缀,例词,age(状态；集合),shortage缺乏；marriage婚姻,an/ian(人，,家),American美国人；Italian意大利人；musician音乐家,ence/ency(组成抽象名词),dependence依靠；frequency频率,ance(性质，状态),importance主要性；significance意义,第16页,后缀,例词,ant/,ent(人),assistant助手；student学生,cion,/,sion/,tion/,ation(动作，状态),suspicion怀疑；tension担心；repetition重复；preparation准备,ee(动作承受者或受影响者),employee受雇者；refugee难民,er/,or(人或物),writer作家；actor演员；cooker炊具；tractor拖拉机,ess(女性),actress女演员；waitress女服务员；hostess女主人,ism(主义，,教),communism共产主义；socialism社会主义；Buddhism佛教,第17页,后缀,例词,ist(主义者，,家),communist共产主义者；dentist牙科教授；physicist物理学家,ment(行为；结果；状态；性质),argument争论；government政府；development发展,ship(关系，身份),friendship情谊；citizenship公民身份,hood(身份；性质；时代),childhood童年；neighbourhood街区；knighthood骑士身份,ty(状态；性质),plenty大量；difficulty困难；anxiety焦虑,ure(结果；行为；状态；实物),pressure压力；picture图画；pleasure高兴,al(动作过程；结果),arrival抵达；approval同意,第18页,(2)形容词后缀,后缀,例词able,/,ible/,ble,unbelievable不可信；tolerable可忍受；responsible负责,al,national国家；continental大陆,ed,learned有学识；talented有才华,en,golden金色；woolen毛(织)；wooden木制,ful,beautiful漂亮；useful有用；colourful多彩,ic/ical,economic经济；political政治；electronic电子,ish,childish幼稚；selfish自私,第19页,后缀,例词,ive,active主动；productive有生产力；creative有创造力,less,useless无用；careless粗心；meaningless无意义,ly,friendly友好；deadly致命；weekly每星期,ous/,ious,dangerous危险；glorious光荣；famous著名,ward,downward向下；backward向后,y,rainy多雨；noisy喧华；snowy下雪,第20页,(3)动词后缀,后缀,例词,en(使变得，使成为,),lengthen延长；harden使变得坚固；deepen加深,fy(使,化),satisfy使满意；beautify美化；simplify简化,ize/,ise(使,变成,),realiz(s)e实现；industrializ(s)e使工业化,第21页,(4)副词后缀,后缀,例词,ly,carefully小心地；beautifully漂亮地；quickly快速地,ward(s),forward向前；backwards向后；downwards向下；upwards向上,第22页,自主巩固练习,用所给单词适当形式填空,(1)Her preparation course is helping her to get used to _(academy)requirements of a Western university.,(2)A fireman _(accident)discovered the cause of the fire.,(3)It cost _(approximate)$300,I cant remember it exactly.,(4)_(beg)can,t be choosers.,第23页,(5)Other disabled people find the website _(benefit)because they can read about people with similar difficulties to their own.,(6)She glanced _(casual)through a magazine as she waited.,(7)The two of them are in a _(compare)financial situation.,(8)He quit playing _(compete)football at the age of 24.,第24页,(9)Mans social being determines his _(conscious),(10)The caf has a relaxed _(continent)feel about it.,(11)She has played a _(decide)role in the peace negotiation.,(12)The man standing there is a _(distinguish)novelist and philosopher.,(13)It is a _(drama)story about an invasion of the Earth by aliens from Mars.,第25页,(14)The teachers are very _(enthusiasm)and friendly and the classrooms are amazing.,(15)Building a new factory there would be _(environment)disastrous.,(16)Yesterday we held a ceremony to welcome the _(honour)soldiers who just came back from Wenchuan.,(17)To say you were _(ignore)of the rules is no excuse.,(18)Tourists shouldnt miss the 103 bus which offers one of the most _(impress)routes.,第26页,(19)His hesitation indicates _(will),(20)You should _(loose)up your muscles before playing any sport.,(21)This will help us achieve _(modern),(22)Some groups,_(name)students and pensioners(退休人员),will benefit from the new tax.,(23)Women increasingly went out to work,usually out of economic _(necessary),(24)He breathed _(noise)through his nose.,第27页,(25)He can be very _(persuade),(26)The day before yesterday Professor Li made a speech _(plenty)of humor.,(27)Our income has got smaller,so we must be _(reality)and sell our car.,(28)The young woman is a _(reception)in a five,star hotel of international standard.,(29)These resources can be _.(access),(30)My grandfather is _(energy)and never feels tired.,第28页,答案,1.academic2.accidentally3.approximately,4Beggars5.beneficial6.casually,parablepetitive 9consciousness,10.continental11.decisive12.distinguished,13Dramatic 14.Enthusiastic,15.environmentally 16.honourable,17ignorant18.impressive19.unwillingness,20.loosen,第29页,21modernization22.namely23.necessity24.noisily25.persuasive26.plentiful27.realistic28.receptionist29.accessible30.energetic,第30页,