年高考英语一轮复习系列课件专题非谓语动词市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考!,备战高考英语一轮复习 单项选择专题专题06 非谓语动词,1/77,目录,高考链接 体验,考点梳理 精讲,关键点知识 点拨,误区警示 透析,2/77,高考链接 体验,3/77,1.(,高考英语上海秋季卷,40)Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms.,A.reducing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce,【,答案,】,B,【,解析,】,此处考查非谓语动词。此处应该用不定式,the way to do sth,表示做,路径、方式。,the only way to do,we can imagine,做定语，前面省略了,that.,4/77,2.(,高考英语上海秋季卷,35)_ the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.,A.Approaching B.Approached C.To approach D.To be approached,【,答案,】,A,【,解析,】,本题考查非谓语动词。考查现在分词作状语，表示正在进行或主动动作。此时分词逻辑主语就是主句主语，所以要注意人称、时态和语态一致性。,5/77,3.(,高考英语上海秋季卷,33)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues _ with her stories.,A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused,【,答案,】,A,【,解析,】,本题考查非谓语动词。,keep+sb./sth.+done,依据句意，,sb.,与它后面动词成被动关系，故选,A.,6/77,4.(,高考英语重庆卷,34)Many buildings in the city need repairing,but the one _first is the library.,A.repairedB.being repaired,C.repairing D.to be repaired,【,答案,】,D,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。,the one,指代前面提到,buildings,与,repair,是动宾关系，由前半句房屋需要修缮可知修缮这个动作发生在,need,之后，所以用,to be repaired.,不定式被动式作后置定语表示被动关系及动作还未发生。,7/77,5.(,高考英语重庆卷,30)The news shocked the public,_to great concern about students safety at school.,A.having ledB.ledC.leadingD.to lead,【,答案,】,C,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。句意为：这个消息使警察震惊，也引发了人们对学校在校安全关注。,the news,和,lead,之间是主谓关系，而且作,shocked,伴随状语，所以,leading,。,8/77,6.(,高考英语浙江卷,20)The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.,A.being weighed B.to weigh C.weighed D.weighing,【,答案,】,D,【,解析,】,本题考查非谓语动词。依据句子结构：主语：,the traffic rule,；谓语动词：,says,；宾语从句：,young children under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat,宾语从句中主干为：,young children must be in a child safety seat,。,under the age of four and _ less than 40 pounds,用于修饰宾语从句主语,children,。动词,weigh,与名词,children,是主动关系，所以选择,weighing,。句意：交通法则要求四岁以下而且体重不超出四十磅婴儿必须坐在婴儿安全座上。逻辑主语,young children,与,weigh,之间组成主谓关系，应该用,weigh,现在分词形式,weighing,，相当于“,young children who weigh less than 40 pounds”,，答案选,D,项。,9/77,7.(,高考英语浙江卷,8)The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.,A,being carried out B,carrying out,C,carried out D,to carry out,【,答案,】,C,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语,exercise,与,carry out,之间组成动宾关系，故用,carry out,过去分词形式,carried out,，此处相当于,if the exercise is carried out regularly,省略，所以答案选,C,项。,10/77,8.(,高考英语天津卷,11)It rained heavily in the south._serious flooding in several provinces.,A.caused B.having caused C.causing D.to cause,【,答案,】,C,【,解析,】,考查非谓语动词。句意为：“南方下大雨，引发南方几个省份严重洪水灾害。”下大雨同时引发洪水灾害，采取现在分词，表示主动且同时发生，故选,C,。,11/77,9.(,高考英语四川卷,17)The lawyer listened with full attention,，,_ to miss any point,A,not trying B,trying not,C,to try not D,not to try,【,答案,】,B,【,解析,】,考查现在分词短语做伴随状语及动词不定式否定式。句中,listen,和,try not to miss,为同时进行动作，故用现在分词普通式做伴随状语。又动词不定式否定式要在其前加,not.,故选,B,。,12/77,10.(,高考英语四川卷,11)In many peoples opinion,，,that company,，,though relatively small,，,is pleasant _,A,to deal with B,dealing with C,to be dealt with D,dealt with,【,答案,】,A,【,解析,】,考查不定式主动表被动。在一些形容词后经惯用不定式主动形式表被动，此时，不定式动作和句子主语存在动宾关系。又如：,The apartment is comfortable to live in.,13/77,考点梳理 精讲,14/77,考点梳理,15/77,16/77,17/77,18/77,19/77,20/77,21/77,22/77,23/77,24/77,25/77,26/77,27/77,28/77,29/77,30/77,关键点知识 点拨,31/77,一、动词不定式,1.,动词不定式作主语,To become a good teacher was my hope.,我希望能成为一名好老师。,2.,动词不定式作表语,通常说明或解释主语内容，也可表示未来动作。,The duties of a postman are to deliver letters and newspapers.,邮递员职责就是送信和报纸。,32/77,注意,“,be+to do sth.”,表示按计划或安排要做事，或表示命令、要求或用来征求意见。,We are to meet at the school gate at six.,我们六点钟将在校门口见面。,3.,动词不定式作宾语,惯用动词有：,agree,promise,afford,arrange,guarantee,attempt,hesitate,seek,tend,manage,consent,offer,undertake,demand,volunteer,determine,proceed,等。,33/77,4.,不定式作宾补,（,1,）常这么用动词有：,advise,command,allow,encourage,instruct,intend,beg,expect,compel,forbid,like,mean,prefer,remind,urge,order,request,permit,teach,persuade,等。,（,2,）在一些动词短语如,vote for,call on,count on,rely on,depend on,long for,wait for,等后面，也能够跟不定式作补语。,5.,不定式作定语,（,1,）不定式用在,the first,the second,the last,the only,等短语后面作定语。,34/77,（,2,）不定式常放在一些名词和代词后面作定语。不定式作定语与被修饰中心词之间常表现为主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系（假如作定语不定式是不及物动词，其后要加介词）。,Im not sure which restaurant to eat at.,我不确定要在哪家餐馆吃饭。,6.,不定式作状语,（,1,）原因状语。常跟不定式作原因状语形容词有：,happy,astonished,glad,amazed,surprised,overjoyed,等。,35/77,（,2,）目标状语。,so as to do,或,in order to do,结构作目标状语。,in order to,既可放在句首也可放在句尾；,so as to,不能放在句首。,（,3,）结果状语。,too+adj./adv.+to do,意为“太,而不能”。,only/all too+adj./adv.+to do;too+adj./adv.,+not to do,意为“非常,”,。,adj,./,adv,.,+enough+to do,意为“足以,”,。,only(just)to do,表示令人失望，不愉快结果。,36/77,so+adj./adv.+as to do,such+n.+as to do,意为“如此,以致于”。,有时也可用“介词,+there+be”,结构，不定式短语在句中作结果状语。,7.“,连接词,+,不定式”使用方法,连接词“,what,how,when,where,whether,等,+,动词不定式”结构可作主语、表语、宾语等。,What to do next remains undecided.,下一步要做什么还不确定。,37/77,注意,有时这一结构也可跟在介词后面。如：,I have no idea of how to solve the problem.,我不知道该怎样处理这个问题。,8.,不带,to,不定式,（,1,）在,feel,hear,listen to,let,make,have,see,watch,observe,notice,等后面作宾补不定式要省去,to,。,help,后面不定式，能够带,to,也能够不带,to,。不过当变为被动语态时，不能省略,to,。,38/77,（,2,）不定式通常在介词,but,和,except,后面作宾语。在这一使用方法中，如介词前有实义动词,do,，介词后跟省去,to,不定式；不然，要跟带,to,不定式。,（,3,）当主句部分有实义动词,do,时，作表语不定式来确切说明,do,含义时能够省略,to,；如没有实义动词,do,表语中,to,不能省去。,What we can do is(to)continue waiting.,我们现在能做就是继续等。,（,4,）在,cannot but,cannot help but,cant choose but,had better,would(will,could)you please,may(might)as well,would rather,would sooner,等习惯使用方法中跟不带,to,不定式。,39/77,（,5,）在用,and,rather than,or,等连接两个不定式而且作用相同时，常省略第二个不定式符号,to,。,He always prefers to start early rather than leave everything to the last minute.,他总是喜欢早开始而不是把每件事情都留在最终做。,（,6,）在,why,和,why not,后常接不带,to,不定式组成问句。,40/77,二、动名词,1.,动名词作主语,（,1,）动名词可直接放在句首作主语。,Seeing is believing.,眼见为实。,（,2,）动名词在“,It is no use/no good/fun/useless/a waste of time/a good pleasure/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile,等”结构中作主语，,it,为形式主语。,2.,动名词作表语,动名词也可作表语，用来表示主语内容。,My hobby is collecting stamps.,我兴趣集邮。,41/77,3.,动名词作宾语,常跟动词作宾语动词及短语动词有：,admit,excuse,postpone,fancy,understand,practice,appreciate,finish,prevent,avoid,forbid,propose,consider,recollect,delay,imagine,deny,involve,permit,resist,risk,save,miss,suggest,enjoy,escape,put off,cant stand,cant help,feel like,look forward to,devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be worth,object to,keep on,set about,等。,42/77,4.,动名词时态,1,）普通式。动名词普通式所表示动作与谓语动词所表示动作同时发生。,By reviewing the old,you can learn something new.,温故而知新。,（,2,）完成式。假如强调动名词表示动作在谓语动词所表示动作之前发生，惯用动名词完成式形式。,Mary regrets having been idle when young.,玛丽很后悔年轻时虚度时光。,43/77,5.,动名词被动式,（,1,）依据句意需要，也可用动名词被动式，其形式为“,being+,过去分词”。,I cant remember having ever been given such a book.,我记不起有谁给了我这么一本书。,（,2,）在动词,need,require,want,deserve,后用动名词主动形式表示被动意义。其使用方法相当于不定式被动结构。,The watch needs repairing.(=The watch needs to be repaired.),这块表该修了。,44/77,三、分词,分词有现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示意义是主动和进行；过去分词表示意义是被动和完成。,1.,分词作表语,现在分词作表语经常表示主动关系或主语某种特征，过去分词作表语表示被动关系或表示主语处于某种状态。通常情况下分词,ing,形式意为“令人,”，分词,ed,形式意为“感到,”,。,45/77,2.,分词作定语,（,1,）分词作定语既可放在所修饰词之前，作前置定语；也可放在所修饰词之后，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。,Where are the reserved seats?(=Where are the seats which have been reserved?),预订座位在哪儿？,This is a pressing problem.(=This is a problem which is pressing.),这个问题很紧迫。,46/77,（,2,）有些不及物动词过去分词作定语，并不表示被动意思，而表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。,There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn.,秋天有很多落叶。,惯用这一类词有：,fallen,faded,returned,retired,risen,grown up,等。,3.,分词作宾语补足语,常跟分词作宾补动词有：,catch,have,get,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set,等。,47/77,4.,分词作状语,（,1,）分词或分词短语作状语时，能够表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式或伴随情况。通常可转换成对应状语从句。,Hearing the knock on the door(=When they heard the knock on the door),they stopped talking.,听到敲门声，他们便停顿了谈话。,（,2,）现在分词和过去分词作状语时使用方法比较。不论是现在分词还是过去分词单独作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致。分词作状语通常可转换成一个对应状语从句，假如状语分句中谓语动词为被动结构，就用过去分词；假如状语分句中谓语动词为主动结构，就用现在分词。,48/77,Working hard(If you work hard),you will succeed.,努力工作你就会成功。,Defeated(=Though he was defeated),he remained a popular boxer.,即使被打败了，他依然是一个很受欢迎拳击手。,5.,分词时态,（,1,）普通式。（,2,）完成式（只有现在分词有完成式）,现在分词完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动词之前，由“,having+,过去分词”组成。,49/77,Not having made adequate preparations,we postponed the sports meet.,因为没有充分准备，我们将运动会延期举行。,6.,现在分词被动式,由“,being+,过去分词”组成，表示某一被动动作正在进行，实际上是由现在进行时被动语态定语从句变来。,You will find the matter being talked about all over the town.(,作宾补,),你会发觉全镇人都在谈论这件事。,50/77,7.,非谓语动词使用方法比较,（,1,）动名词作宾语与不定式作宾语比较,在动词,start,begin,continue,cease,等后面，通常情况下不定式和动名词作宾语区分不大。,在动词,like,love,hate,prefer,等后面，动名词表示抽象、习惯性动作，不定式表示详细、一次性动作。,I prefer/like/love taking a walk after supper.,我喜欢在晚饭后散步。,51/77,不过，假如在,like,，,love,prefer,前有,would,should,时，其后只能跟不定式。,Id like to take part in the match.,我愿意参加这次比赛。,有些动词可接动名词或不定式，但意义不一样。如：,remember,forget,try,go on,regret,stop,等。,（,2,）既可接动名词作宾语也可接不定式作宾补一些动词比较,有些动词，如,advise,allow,consider,forbid,permit,recommend,等。后面既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但其作用完全不一样。接动名词作宾语，接不定式作宾补。,52/77,（,3,）动名词作表语与现在分词作表语比较,动名词作表语表示主语内容，现在分词作表语表示主语特征或属性。,The only thing that interests him is dancing.(,动名词表示内容,),他唯一感兴趣事就是跳舞。,The book is very interesting.(,现在分词表示特征,),这本书很有趣。,（,4,）作表语现在分词和组成进行时态现在分词比较,作表语现在分词表示主语所处状态或特征，组成进行时态现在分词表示主语正在进行动作。,53/77,The present situation is encouraging.(,分词作表语,),现在形势很鼓舞人。,The present situation is encouraging us to continue our experiment.(,分词组成进行时,),现在形势激励着我们要继续进行试验。,（,5,）不定式与分词作定语比较,不定式与分词都可作定语；不定式作定语表示未来动作；现在分词作定语指正在进行动作；过去分词作定语指过去动作。,54/77,The question to be discussed is of great importance.,即将讨论问题非常主要。,The question being discussed is of great importance.,正在讨论问题非常主要。,The question discussed is of great importance.,讨论过那个问题非常主要。,55/77,四、独立主格结构,独立主格结构在句中主要用来作状语，能够表示原因、方式、时间、伴随等，,with+,复合宾语结构除了能够作状语外，还能够用来作定语。以下分五种情况分别介绍：,1.,名词,/,代词,+,动词不定式,Nobody to come the day after tomorrow,they will have to put off the meeting till next week.,假如后天没有些人来，他们就把会议推迟到下周。（未来时间，表示计划）,56/77,2.,名词,/,代词,+,现在分词,It being a fine day,we decided to go,swimming.,因为天气不错，我们决定去游泳。（表示原因）,3.,名词,/,代词,+,过去分词,The prisoner stood there,his hands raised.,那个囚犯站在那儿，双手高举。（表示伴随情况）,57/77,4.,名词,/,代词,+,非动词（名词、形容词、副词、介词短语）,I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of worry.,我听说她在这场事故中受伤了，心中充满担忧。（形容词，伴随状语）,5.“with+,复合宾语”常见七种形式,（,1,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,形容词,She used to sleep with the windows open.,她经常开着窗户睡觉。,58/77,（,2,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,副词,With Mr.Smith away,weve got more room.,史密斯先生走后，空间大多了。,（,3,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,介词短语,The man was walking on the street,with a book under his arm.,那个人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。,（,4,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,动词不定式,With all the work to do,I dont know if Ill have time to go out.,有那么多工作要做，我不知道还有没有时间出去。,59/77,（,5,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,现在分词,In part of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.,在亚洲一些国家里，你不能跷着腿坐着，把脚尖指向另外一个人。,（,6,）,with+,名词代词）,+,过去分词,The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.,谋杀犯被带了进来，他双手被反绑着。,（,7,）,with+,名词（代词）,+,名词,He left home,with his wife a hopeless soul.,他走了，妻子十分难过。,60/77,误区警示 透析,61/77,done,与,being done,混用,by a greater demand for vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.,A.DrivenB.Being driven,C.To driveD.Having driven,62/77,考生很轻易误选,B,项。“,Being driven,”,是一个现在分词被动式结构，在句中作状语时表示一个正在进行或与主句谓语同时进行动作，与题目中“,.,have built,.”,矛盾，故不能够选。动词,drive,（驱使）逻辑主语为,farmers,它们之间是动宾关系，故该处应使用过去分词结构，它能够表示被动或完成含义。,63/77,【,解题探究,】A,。为了使考生能更加好地应对相关考题，现对,done,结构与,being done,结构归纳以下：（,1,）作主语时，应该使用,being done,结构，而,done,结构则不能在句中作主语。请参见下面这道考题：,to sunlight for too much time will do harm to your skin.,A.ExposedB.Having exposed,C.Being exposedD.After being exposed,64/77,分析题干可知，句子谓语,will do,没有主语，而选项,A,、,B,和,D,均不能在句中作主语，它们能够在句中作状语，故均不可选。而选项,C,为动名词被动式，用在句中正适当。,（,2,）作后置定语时，既能够使用,done,结构，又能够使用,being done,结构，但这二者有很大差异。,done,结构作后置定语时，表示被动或完成含义，而,being done,结构作后置定语时，则表示“正在被,”,含义。另外,to be done,结构作后置定语时表示“将被,”,。,65/77,（,3,）作状语时，,being done,结构几乎是不用，而,doing,结构和,having(been)done,结构则是惯用，表示原因。,done,结构作状语时，常表示被动或完成含义。请参见下面考题：,that he was in great danger,Eric walked deeper into the forest.,A.Not realizedB.Not to realize,C.Not realizingD.Not to have realized,分析题干知，横线处应填上一个能够充当原因状语结构，故选项,C,为本题正确答案。,66/77,注意,现在分词否定式是在其前加上,not,等否定词。,意义相近结构易错点,Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,a record of$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,A.have reachedB.reaching,C.to reachD.to be breaking,67/77,考生很轻易误选,C,项，认为,C,项中,to reach,为动词不定式结构在句中作结果状语。这可能是因为有很多考生没有完全掌握动词不定式结构与现在分词结构作结果状语时差异。,【,解题探究,】B,。在英语中，带动词不定式符号,to,动词不定式结构与现在分词结构都能够表示结果，但使用方法不一样。动词不定式结构作结果状语时常,68/77,常表示出乎意料或不愿看到结果，而现在分词短语结构作结果状语时经常表示按照自然规律发展所产生自然或必定结果。分析句意可知，逗号前后这两部分之间存在着一个自然或必定结果关系，故选项,B,为本题正确答案。,doing,done,to do,作后置定语时误用,Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy,saying that he was not the one,.,A.BlamedB.blaming,C.to blameD.to be blamed,69/77,考生很轻易误选,D,项。分析句子结构可知，本题是对动词不定式结构作后置定语使用方法考查。,be to blame,为一个固定结构，意为“对,负有责任”。本题中,to balme,能够看作是,who was to,blame,省略形式。,to blame,是一个主动形式表示被动含义结构。,70/77,【,解题探究,】C,。英语中动词不定式作定语时有以下使用方法：,（,1,）假如句子主语是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作施动者，那么作后置定语动词不定式要用其主动形式。,I want something to eat.,我想要些吃东西。,（,2,）假如句子主语不是该名词后置定语动词不定式所表示动作施动者，那么作后置定语动词不定式既能够用其主动形式，也能够用其被动形式，在语意上几乎没有什么区分。,The best thing to do/to be done is.,要去做最好事情是,71/77,（,3,）作名词后置定语动词不定式中动词须为及物动词，若为不及物动词，须在该动词后加上一个适当介词或副词。,I have no pen to write with.,我没有写字用笔了。,对“疑问词,+,动词不定式”结构认识不清,It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows,.,A.it what to do withB.what to do it with,C.what to do with itD.to do what with it,72/77,考生很轻易误选,B,项。“疑问词,+,动词不定式”结构在句子中能够充当主语、（介词）宾语、表语等。短语,do with,意为“处理，应付”，这其中动词,do,是一个及物动词，疑问代词,what,作其宾语，介词,with,后还需跟一个宾语（通常由一个名词或代词充当），故选项,C,为本题正确答案。,73/77,逻辑主语判断错误,In order to improve English,.,A.Jennys father bought her a lot of tapes,B.Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself,C.a lot of tapes were bought by Jenny,D.a lot of tapes were bought by Jennys father,74/77,考生很有可能误选,A,项或,D,项。其实，,in order to improve English,能够看成是,to improve English,变形，依据语法知识可知，主句主语为人，选项,C,和,D,能够首先被排除。再由句意可知，选项,B,为正确答案。,75/77,【,解题探究,】B,。动词不定式逻辑主语为执行不定式,to do,这个动作人或物。动词不定式逻辑主语能够是句子主语、宾语，有时还能够是介词,for,或,of,宾语。,Jack is late again.It is typical of him to keep others waiting.,杰克又迟到了。他总是让他人等。,独立主格结构判断错误,The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons,for the day.,A.FinishingB.finished,C.had finishedD.were finished,76/77,考生若不仔细分析句子结构，很轻易误选,D,项。,【,解题探究,】B,。因为动词,finish,与,their lessons,之间为动宾关系，故选项,A,和,C,能够首先被排除。又因为逗号前后两部分之间没有连接词，故横线处不可能填,D,项。,B,项是独立主格一个使用方法，表示被动和完成，它能够转化为,with their lessons finished for the day,。也就是说，两个分句需要用一个连接词来连接，假如没有这个连接词，其中一个分句谓语动词要改为非谓语动词结构或,with,复合结构。本题中，若在,their lessons,前面加连接词,because,那么,D,项为答案。,77/77,