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初中英语现在完成时与一般过去时的区别.docx

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现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 1.共同点: 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。 2.区别: ①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系,如对现在产生的结果或影响等,属于现在时范围,谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生,不表示和现在的关系,现在情况可能已发生变化。 Who opened the door? (“谁开的门?”只强调过去开门这一动作,门现在可能已关上。) Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了?”强调门现在依然还开着。) ②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用,如:three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语,应用一般过去时。再有,过去发生的一个动作,如现在情况已经发生的变化,也应用一般过去时。 ☆特别提醒:如果这些过去时间状语前有since,表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”,应用现在完成时。   He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.   I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.   My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009. ③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用,when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如:Where have you been? (你去过哪里了?)   --The train has left.   --When did the train leave? ④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时,只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。 We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago. ⑤有些时间状语,如this morning, this month, tonight等,既可以与一般过去时连用,又可以与现在完成时连用,但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时,表示与“现在”无关,时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用,则表示包括“现在”在内。 I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。) I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。) He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。) He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。) 同步练习 动词填空: 1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday. 2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer? 3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?    --I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found. 4.When ______you______(start) to live in China? 5.--The train______ (leave) already.   --When ______ the train ______(leave)? 6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last. 7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks? 8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil. 单项选择: (   ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.            -- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!        A.did you put; have put          B. have you put;put        C. had you put; was putting          D. were you putting; have put (   ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.     A. taught; came          B.has taught; came     C. taught; has come        D. has taught; has come (   ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. (山东)     A. left                   B. has left       C. has been left  D.had left (   ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last _____ you.(重庆)     A. saw       B. see       C. seeing  D. have seen (   ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? (宁波)        -- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.     A. have visited  B. had visited       C. visited           D. visit (   ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)        -- I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.     A. hadn’t seen; am        B. haven’t seen; was      C. didn’t see; will be       D. haven’t seen; shall be (   ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?        -- There ____ very little rain.     A. has B. has been       C. are  D. have been (   ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?     A. did; lose   B. has; lost        C. will; lose  D. does; lose (   ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?     A. are; going   B. have; been      C. did; go      D.are; doing (   ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.     A. were  B. have       C. are    D. have been  Keys: 动词填空: 1. saw         2. Did, go      3. have, put, put   4. did,start  5. has left, did, leave   6. met         7. have, been 8. have lost 单项选择: 1~5 BBAAC   6~10 BBADD
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