初中英语现在完成时与一般过去时的区别.docx

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别1.共同点：现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。2.区别：现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。 He finished reading the book the day before yesterday. I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I cant find it now. My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？) -The train has left. -When did the train leave?since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则表示包括“现在”在内。I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)同步练习动词填空：1. I _(see)Tom last Friday.2. _you _(go)to the Great Wall last summer?3.-Where _you _(put) my pen? -I _(put) it in my pencil-box, but its nowhere to be found.4.When _you_(start) to live in China?5.-The train_ (leave) already.-When _ the train _(leave)?6.It is five years since I _(meet) you last.7.Where _ you_(be) for the last two weeks?8.I _ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.单项选择：( ) 1. -Where _ the recorder? I cant see it anywhere. - I _ it right here. But now its gone! A.did you put; have put B. have you put;put C. had you put; was putting D. were you putting; have put( ) 2. My father _ here since he _ to this school.A. taught; came B.has taught; came C. taught; has comeD. has taught; has come( ) 3. I am sorry youve missed the train. It_ 10 minutes ago. (山东) A. left B. has leftC. has been left D.had left( ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! Its one year since I last _ you.(重庆) A. saw B. seeC. seeing D. have seen( ) 5. - Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa?（宁波） - Yes, I _ it yesterday. A. have visited B. had visitedC. visited D. visit( ) 6. - Nice to see you. I _ you for along time. (南京) - I _ in Bejing. Ive just come back. A. hadnt seen; amB. havent seen; was C. didnt see; will beD. havent seen; shall be( ) 7. -What is the weather like this summer here? - There _ very little rain. A. hasB. has beenC. are D. have been( ) 8. When _you _ your dictionary? A. did; lose B. has; lostC. will; lose D. does; lose( ) 9. Where _ you _? Which answer is not right? A. are; going B. have; been C. did; go D.are; doing( ) 10. There _ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago. A. wereB. haveC. are D. have beenKeys:动词填空：1. saw 2. Did, go 3. have, put, put4. did,start5. has left, did, leave6. met 7. have, been8. have lost单项选择：15 BBAAC 610 BBADD