初中英语现在完成时与一般过去时的区别.docx

现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

1.共同点：
现在完成时和一般过去时都表示一个在过去完成的动作。

2.区别：
①现在完成时强调的是与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等，属于现在时范围，谈论的是现在的情况。而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系，现在情况可能已发生变化。
Who opened the door? (“谁开的门？”只强调过去开门这一动作，门现在可能已关上。)
Who has opened the door? (“谁把门开了？”强调门现在依然还开着。)

②现在完成时不能与明确的过去时间状语连用，如：three days ago, last year, yesterday, last Sunday, in2008等等。如句中有以上这些明确的过去时间状语，应用一般过去时。再有，过去发生的一个动作，如现在情况已经发生的变化，也应用一般过去时。
☆特别提醒：如果这些过去时间状语前有since，表示“自过去某一时间一直延续到现在”，应用现在完成时。
  He finished reading the book the day before yesterday.
  I put my ruler in my pencil-box, but I can’t find it now.
  My cousin has been in Nanjing since 2009.

③现在完成时不与when引导的特殊疑问句连用，when后只用一般过去时表示已发生的动作。但现在完成时可与where, why等疑问词连用。如：Where have you been? (你去过哪里了？)
  --The train has left.
  --When did the train leave?

④since引导的时间状语从句后面用一般过去时，只有前面的主句才用现在完成时。
We have known each other since we came to the school two years ago.

⑤有些时间状语，如this morning, this month, tonight等，既可以与一般过去时连用，又可以与现在完成时连用，但内涵不同。与一般过去时连用时，表示与“现在”无关，时间已成为过去。而与现在完成时连用，则表示包括“现在”在内。
I saw him this morning. (时间已不在上午了。)
I have seen him this morning. (说话时间还是上午。)
He lived in New York for eight years. (他现在已经不在纽约住了。)
He has lived in New York for eight years. (他现在还在纽约居住。)

同步练习
动词填空：
1. I ______(see)Tom last Friday.
2. _____you _____(go)to the Great Wall last summer?
3.--Where _____you _____(put) my pen?
   --I ______(put) it in my pencil-box, but it’s nowhere to be found.
4.When ______you______(start) to live in China?
5.--The train_ (leave) already.
  --When ______ the train ______(leave)?
6.It is five years since I ______(meet) you last.
7.Where _____ you_____(be) for the last two weeks?
8.I _____ (lose)my pen in the bedroom. I have to write with a pencil.
单项选择：
(   ) 1. --Where ____ the recorder? I can’t see it anywhere.
           -- I _____ it right here. But now it’s gone!
       A.did you put; have put  
       B. have you put;put
       C. had you put; was putting  
       D. were you putting; have put
(   ) 2. My father _____ here since he _____ to this school.
    A. taught; came     
    B.has taught; came
    C. taught; has come   
    D. has taught; has come
(   ) 3. I am sorry you’ve missed the train. It_____ 10 minutes ago. (山东)
    A. left                   B. has left  
    C. has been left  D.had left
(   ) 4. Hi! Jim! Nice to meet you again! It’s one year since I last ____ you.(重庆)
    A. saw       B. see  
    C. seeing  D. have seen
(   ) 5. -- Have you visited the Dinosaur World,Elsa? （宁波）
       -- Yes, I ____ it yesterday.
    A. have visited  B. had visited  
    C. visited           D. visit
(   ) 6. -- Nice to see you. I _____ you for along time. (南京)
       -- I _____ in Bejing. I’ve just come back.
    A. hadn’t seen; am   
    B. haven’t seen; was 
    C. didn’t see; will be  
    D. haven’t seen; shall be
(   ) 7. --What is the weather like this summer here?
       -- There ____ very little rain.
    A. has B. has been  
    C. are  D. have been
(   ) 8. When ____you ____ your dictionary?
    A. did; lose   B. has; lost   
    C. will; lose  D. does; lose
(   ) 9. Where ____ you _____? Which answer is not right?
    A. are; going   B. have; been 
    C. did; go      D.are; doing
(   ) 10. There ____ many great changes in my hometown since ten years ago.
    A. were  B. have  
    C. are    D. have been 

Keys:
动词填空：
1. saw         2. Did, go      3. have, put, put  
4. did,start  5. has left, did, leave  
6. met         7. have, been
8. have lost
单项选择：
1~5 BBAAC   6~10 BBADD