资源描述
TOYOTA ENGINEERING STANDARD
NO.:TSC0501G
TITLE: Bench test method for immunity performance of automotive electrical and electronic devices
CLASS:C1
Established:/Revised: Rev.4 (Dec. 2019)
This standard has been revised as a result of the changes of calibration condition for the radio equipment antenna nearby test and mobile phone antenna nearby test (Table 16).
Prepared and Written by:
Electronic Performance Development &Engineering Dept.
Electronics Control System Development Div.
Design Quality Innovation Dept.
TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION
Bench test method for immunity performance of automotive electrical and
electronic devices
1. Scope
This standard covers the test method to evaluate the susceptibility of automotive electrical and electronic devices to electromagnetic interference (hereinafter referred to as "immunity performance'*).
2. Terminology
The main terminology used in this standard is as follows.
(1) Automotive electrical and electronic devices
Devices composed mainly of semi-conductors and used for vehicle system control, as well as various detection devices (sensors), output devices (actuators), etc. used in combination with such devices.
(2) Test electronic part (sample)
A sub-assembly part to be tested
(3) Immunity performance
Susceptibility of automotive electrical and electronic devices to electromagnetic interference
(4) Standard test electric field intensity, standard test current, standard test magnetic field intensity Electric field intensity, current, and magnetic field intensity as the target immunity performance
(5) Critical electric field intensity for operation, critical current for operation, critical distance for operation, critical maghetic field intensity for operation
The electric field intensity, current, antenha distance, and magnetic field intensity that make the sample operate without satisfaction of required specifications due to electromagnetic waves
(6) Standard state
A common environment of test site.Unless otherwise specified, it is normal temperature (5 to 35°C), hormal humidity (25 to 75% RH), and normal pressure (86 to 106 kPa).
(7) Standard-yoltage
Power supply voltage for the sample in normal tests. It shall be 10 to 16 V for 12 V type vehicle devices and 20 to 32 V for 24 V type vehicle devices. The use of automotive battery is the precondition, but when it is difficult or inappropriate for the sample to be operated by the battery, it is permissible, white controlling impedance, to use rated power supply voltage or use rated power supply voltage and the battery simultaneously.
(8) Modulation
The electromagnetic waves covered in this standard are the following: continuous wave (CW), AM modulation (1 kHz, percentage modulation 80 %), pulse modulation (PM) (PM1 ON time: 577 ps/cycle: 4600 ps, PM2 ON time: 3 ps/cycle: 3333 ps (repetition frequency 300 Hz), PM3 ON time: 30 ps/cycle: 3333 ps (repetition frequency 300 Hz). The conceptual diagram of modulation is shown in Fig. 1.
Continuous wave (CW>
AM modulation
Fig. 1 Conceptual Diagram of Modulation
Pulse modulation
3. Test Items
This standard covers the following tests. Follow the standard of the sample when determining which tests to conduct.
(1) Bulk current injection (BCI) test
(2) Stripline test
(3) TEM cell test
(4) Antenna radiation test
(5) Radar pulse test
(6) Radio equipmenit antenna nearby test
(7) Mobile phone antenna nearby test
(8) Low frequency magnetic field test
4. Test Conditions
4.1 Electromagnetic Waves Application Conditions
Follow the standard of the sample for each test regarding test frequency, modulation, radiation duration, and radiation portions (directions, surfaces, and areas).
4.2 Test Bench
In principle, use the test bench that simulates the actual vehicle conditions. Unless otherwise specified, perform the tests at the standard voltage in the standard state using the equipment that conforms to the specifications below. When the specifications are not satisfied, note the details and reasons on the test plan.
(1) Simulator
Use a simulator to monitor the operation of the sample and to connect a load to the sample that is equivalent to the load on the actual vehicle. The configuration of the simulator shall be in accordance with the standard of each sample. Use a simulator for which measures have been taken to ensure the immunity performance required for tests (such as insertion of ferrite core, storage into a shielded case, use of optical fiber for a communication line to a monitor unit).
(2) Sub-wiring harness (hereinafter referred to as "sub-W/H")
Use a sub-wiring harness to connect the sample, simulator, and the power supply. The type and diameter of the wire for the sub-W/H shall be equivalent to those used on the actual vehicle. If the standard of the sample specifies them differently, follow the standard
(a) If noise protection W/H is used, simulate it on the test bench. In the case where shielded wire is used, the length of the drain wire shall be the same as that on the actual vehicle. In the case where twisted wire is used, the area of twisting shall be the same as that on the actual vehicle.
(b) The length of the sub-W/H shall be equivalent to the length in the actual vehicle in principle.Otherwise, Artificial Network (hereinafter referred to as "AN") may be connected 1 to 2.5 m from the sample or other measures may be taken to reduce the effect of interference between power supplies.
(3) AN
The network by which power is supplied to the sample and has the circuit configuration shown in Fig. 2. The impedance characteristic shall not deviate more than 20 % from that shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 2 Circuit Configurabon of AN
(4) Ground plane
The ground plane shall be 0.5 mm or more in thickness and made of copper, brass, galvanized steel, or aluminum.
The ground plane shall have an area of 2.25 m2 or more, and there shall be 100 mm or more from the edge of the ground plane when the sample, simulator, AN, and battery are laid out. Also, the shortest side of the ground plane shall be 1 m or longer.
(5) Ground cable
DC resistance between the ground cable including the tightening portion and the ground plane shall be 2.5 mQ or less.
(6) Test table
The table on which the sample and sub-W/H are placed and that is made of non- conductive materials such as wood.
4.3 Test Steps
4.3.1 Calibration
Perform calibration to create the test electric field, test current, and test magnetic field by the following steps. Set up the electric field probes (calibration! jig for the BCI test or loop anitenna for the low frequency magnetic field test) in accordance with the specifications for each test and adjust the output of the test equipment to obtain a specified electric field intensity, current, and magnetic field intensity.Perform calibration for each test level (Tables 1 to 4). A calibration example is given in Section 6.7.2 for tests other than 28- MHz test in the radio equipment antenna nearby test and the mobile phone antenna nearby test the output of the RF power amplifier is specified according to the type of antenna power.
Table 1 Calibration Example for TEM Ceil Test. Stripline Test, Antenna Radiation Test,
and 28-MHz Radio Equi
pmerit Antenna Nearby Test
Test level
Electric field intensity (V/m)
Level I
30
Level II
60
Level III
100
Level IV
200
Table 2 Calibration Example for BCI Test
Test level
Current (mA)
Level I
25
30
Level II
50
60
Level III
80
100
Level IV
160
200
Table 3 Calibration Example for Radar Pulse Test
Test level
Electric field intensity (V/m)
Level I
15
30
50
100
Level II
30
50
100
150
Level III
50
100
150
300
Level IV
100
200
300
600
Table 4 Calibration Example for Low Frequency Magnetic Field Test
Test level
Electric field intensity (A/m)
Level I
30
30
Level II
100
100
Level III
200
500
Level IV
400
1000
Measure the following values at every test frequency.
(1) BCI test, stripline test, TEM cell test, antenna radiation test, radar pulse test, radioequipment antenna nearby test, mobile phone antenna nearby test
(a) Forward power
(b) Reflection wave power
(c) Voltage standing wave ratio (hereinafter referred to as"VSWR"
(d) Signal generator output
(e) Loss in coaxial cable (only for radio equipment antenna hearby test, mobile phone antenna nearby test)
(f) Measurement values (electric field intensity, current)
(2) Low frequency magnetic field test
(a) Signal generator output
(b) Measurement value (voltage)
(c) Antenna factor
(d) Conversion value (magnetic field)
(e) Current of input terminal of loop antenna for radiation
For calibration, use unmodulated signals (CW). If pulse amplifier is used for the radar pulse test, it is permissible to-perform calibration with pulse modulation as long as calibration accuracy is verified.Perform calibration once a year or more and confirm that the result is within a guaranteed range of calibration. A simplified method may be used for daily calibration if there is clear basis for adopting it.
4.3.2 Application of Electromagnetic Wave
(1) Modulation of electromagnetic wave for test
Modulate the test electromagnetic wave as specified below in accordance with the standard of the sample.)
(a) AM modulation
Based on the forward power (W1) that has been set at the calibration for each test, adjust the RF amplifier output so that the forward power (W2) is as expressed in equation (1).
W2 (dBm)>W1 (dBm)-5.1 dB — (1)
After determining the RF power amplifier output, generate the modulation signal specified below at the stage of the RF power amplifier output. AM modulation by 1 kHz sine wave;modulation factor 80 %
(b) Pulse modulation
Adjust the RF power amplifier output so that the forward power is equal to or more than the forward power (W1) that has been set at the calibration for each test. After determining the RF power amplifier output, generate the modulation signal specified below at the stage of the RF power amplifier output.
(1) PM1 (ON time of 577 ps and cycle of 4600 ps)
(ii) PM2 (ON time of 3 ps and cycle of 3333 ps)
(iii) PM3 (ON time of 30 ps and cycle of 3333 ps)
(2) Functionality check of sample
Adjust the RF amplifier output per test frequency so that the forward power is equal to or more than that has been measured in the calibration for each test. If modulation is performed, follow the methods in (1). During and after the application, check that the operation of the sample meets the required specifications. The radiation duration for electromagnetic wave at each frequency shall be in accordance with the standard ofeach sample, but 2s or longer.
(3) Measurement of critical electric field intensity for operation, critical current for operation, critical distance for operation, and critical magnetic field intensity for operation If the operation of the sample does not meet the required specifications at the test electric field intensity, test current, and test magnetic field intensity, measure the critical electric field intensity for operation, critical current for operation, critical distance for operation, and critical magnetic field intensity for operation as follows.
(a) Once lower the power until the sample operates in accordance with the required specifications, and then increase the power until the sample does not operate in accordance with the required specifications. Obtain the electric field intensity, current, and magnetic field intensity equivalent to the power at this point.
(b) For the radio equipment antenna nearby test and mobile phone antenna nearby test, once set the antenna at the distance where the sample operates in accordance with the required specifications, and then move the antenna closer to the sample until the sample does not operate in accordance with the required specifications. Measure the antenna distance at this point.
5. Implementation Items before and after Tests
5.1 Confirmation of Test Plan
Determine if it is possible to perform the test by checking if there are any items that are listed in the test plan but have not been confirmed with reference to Table 5.
Table 5 Items Usted in Test Plan
Item
Contents
1
Sample information
Sample name, housing structure, external dimension, system configuration, operation frequency, signal cycle in use, etc.
2
Vehicle installation environment
Installation position, W/H length, bracket, grounding, peripheral metal objects and trims, etc.
3
Test method
Selected test method and the reason
4
Test conditions
Applicable frequency, modulation method, and modulation frequency for each test method and the reason Radiation duration for each frequency and the validity
5
Test level (electric field intensity, current, magnetic field intensity, nearby distance)
Standard test electric field, standard test current, and standard test magnetic field for each test method and the reason
6
Test layout
Layout drav.mq or photo (with dimensions) for each test method
7
Bench layout
Selection of load (actual load or simulated load) and the validity
Validity of simulator configuration and l/F circuit
Length, type, and diameter of sub-W/H
Bracket, grounding
Battery or constant-voltage power supply (power voltage)
8
Radiation surface
TEM cell test, antenna radiation test, radar pulse test low frequency magnetic field test
9
Injection terminal
Grouping of applicable terminals and the validity in BCI test
10
Conditions for radio equipment antenna nearby test, mobile phone antenna nearby test, and low frequency magnetic held test
Validity of antenna nearby surface and moving speed
Validity of nearby distance and test output in accordance with the actual vehicle installation environment
Test method for use of antenna other than the recommended antenna and the validity
11
Operating conditions and criteria
Identification of the operation mode and obtaining agreement on the function that is made as designed, obtaining agreement on the function rank, test level, and operation class for each operation mode, and the reason to reach the agreement
12
Discussion and agreement items
Attachment of material including "item to be reflected to evaluation" extracted from the weakness and concerns in design pointed out in various DR and DRBFM
Discussion contents and agreement items made between person responsible for development and person who conducts the test
5.2 Creation of Test Report
Discuss if the test was conducted in accordance with the test plan among the parties concerned and create a test report for summary.
6. Test Methods
Conduct the tests in accordance with the test plan. Determine the level of each test according to the specifications of the sample through the discussion with the related departments.
6.1 Test Items and Recommended Antennas
A list of the test items covered in this standard and recommended antenna examples are shown in Table 6, and the test freq
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