2015-2016广州上海深圳版牛津英语七年级英语上册全套各单元语法学案.doc

2015-2016广州上海深圳版牛津英语七年级英语上册全套各单元语法学案

Unit 1 making friends
Date:________ name:_______
【语法专讲】
特殊疑问句：以疑问代词what, who, whose, which或疑问副词when, where, why, how 等放在句首提问的句子，叫特殊疑问句。答句必须针对问句中的疑问词来回答，疑问词分为疑问代词和疑问副词。
一、特殊疑问词
(一) 疑问代词who/whom/whose/what/which
1. who, whom, whose 只能指人
who常作主语或宾语；whom作宾语，可用who替代；whose常作定语或表语。
eg: Who taught you math last year? (主语)
Whom did you see? (宾语)
Whose father works in Shenzhen? (定语)
2. what用来询问物或数量，用来询问人时涉及人的职业，身份或外貌。如：
What would you like to eat today? 你今天想吃什么？
What is your mother ? 你妈妈是干什么的？
3. which用来询问人或物，一般有特定的选择范围。如：
Which is your sister of the two girls? 那两个姑娘中哪个是你姐姐？
(二)疑问副词
常用的疑问副词有：where, when, why, how以及how引伸的一些疑问词组，如：how much (many), how long, how old, how far, how often, how soon等。他们在句中通常作状语，可表时间，方式，原因等。如：
When will you come back? 你什么时候回来？
Where did you put your mobile phone? 你把手机放哪
Why are you late? 你为什么迟到？
How long did you stay in Beijing? 你在北京呆了多久？

二、不定冠词
1. 不定冠词是a/an，一般放在名词之前。a 用于以辅音（不是辅音字母）开头的单词前，an用于以元音（不是元音字母）开头的单词前。如：
a boy 一个男孩 a European country 一个欧洲国家
an island 一座岛屿 an hour 一小时
2. 不定冠词的用法
(1) 用在可数名词的单数形式前面
*表示一类事物或人中的任何一个。如：
There is an island over there. 那儿有一座岛
Be sure to bring me a dictionary. 一定要给我带本字典来。
*表示一类事物或人，a/an 在此处不用翻译。如：
An ear is an organ for listening. 耳朵是听觉器官。
A tiger is a wild animal. 老虎是一种野生动物。
(2) 用在专有名词前面，表示“一个”、“一种”、“一类”或“一个类似.....的”。如：
That city is a Venice in China. 那座城市是中国的威尼斯。
【知识巩固】
一、根据A句的意思,对A句的划线部分提问，完成B句。
1. A. She often goes to work by bike every day.
B. _______ _______ she often _______ to work every day?
2. A. The blue T-shirt is Bill’s.
B. _______ _______ the blue T-shirt?
3. A. My father will go to Kunming next week.
B. _______ _______ your father go to Kunming?
4. A. His brother is about five years old.
B. _______ _______ is his brother?
5. A. They went to the park yesterday afternoon.
B. _______ _______ they _______ yesterday afternoon?
二、填入适当的疑问词
1. A: _______ is the boy in blue? B: He’s Mike.
2. A: ___________ wallet is it? B: It’s mine.
3. A: __________ is the diary? B: It’s under the chair.
4. A: ___________ is the Christmas Day? B: It’s on the 25th of December.
5. A: ____________ are the earphones? B: They are 25 yuan.
6. A: __________ is the hairdryer? B: It’s blue.
7. A:_________ is it today? B: It’s Sunday.
8. A: ____________ was it yesterday? B: It was the 13th of October.
9. A:____________ this red one? B: It’s beautiful.
10. A: _________ is it from here? B: It’s about two kilometers away.
三、用a或an填空
1. ____ honest boy 2. ____ ugly man 3. ____ useful tool 4. ____ one-act play
5. ____ uncle 6. ____ uniform 7. ____ university 8. _____ hour
9. ____ umbrella 10. _____ interesting story 11. _____ “x” 12. ______ “s”
13. ______ “h” 14. ______ “u”

【随堂练习】
一、根据汉语提示，将句子所缺部分写完整，每空一词。
1. _______ _______is your teacher? I don’t know. (多高)
2. _______ _______ is the picture on the wall? It’s red. （什么颜色）
3. _______ _______ do you get up every day? At 6:30. （几点）
4. _______ _______ books do you have? Fifteen.（多少）
5. _______ _______are you in? I’m in Class 3, Grade 8. （几班）
6. _______ _______dose she take a shower? Twice a week. （多久一次）
7. _______ _______will you stay here? For seven days. （多长时间）
8. _______ _______is the T-shirt? It’s 50 yuan. （多少钱）
二、根据句意，请从方框中选出合适的特殊疑问词来完成句子。
What; how; when; where ; whose; which; why
1. I have two apples, __________one do you like better?
2. —__________ do you go to school every day ? —On foot .
3. —___________did you go last night ? —I went to the cinema.
4. —___________do you get up so early? — Because I want to do morning exercise.
5. —__________can I do for you ? —I would like a pencil.
6. —__________shirt is this ? —Maybe it’s Lily's.
7. —__________did you go to bed last night ? —At about 11:00.
8. —__________ do you want to buy for your mother? — A sweater.
三、选择填空。
1. She has _______ orange skirt． _______ skirt is nice．
A．a；The B．an；The C．an；A D．the；The
2. There is _______ old bike． _______ old bike is Mr. Zhao's．
A．an ；The B．the；An C．a；The D．the；The
3. _______ apple a day keeps the doctors away．
A．The B．A C．An D．Two
4. This is _____ empty glass. Would you please give me _____ full one?
A．a, an B. an, a C. the, a D. an, the
5. At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby．
A．a B．an C．the D．／
6. We can't see _______ sun at _______ night．
A．the；the B．the；／ C．a；／ D．／；／
7. _______ useful book it is！
A．What an B．How a C．What a D．What
8. —How many books do you have？
—I have _______ book．That's _______ English book．
A．a；an B．a；one C．one；an D．one；one
9. There is _______ university in our town.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
10． _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world．
A．A；a B．The；the C．A；the D．The；a

Unit 2 Daily Life 语法

【学习目标】1.对第二单元的重点语法一般现在时的全面复习及强化
2.通过听、说、读、写训练全面提高英语水平

一、一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实和普遍真理。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
补充：4.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中， 用一般现在时表示将来。如：
If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a party. 如果你今天下午来，我们就举行一个宴会。
5. 一般现在时还可以表示一个按规定、计划或安排将要发生的情况（这时都有一个表示未来时间的状语）。但仅限于少数动词。如: begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, return, stop, close等。如： The meeting begins at seven. 7点开会。
二、一般现在时常用下列副词或副词短语来作时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never, every day(week, year, night), on Sundays, on Monday, in the evening, once/ twice/ three times a month
例句: I often visit my teachers. 我经常看望我的老师。
例句: They do morning exercises every day. 他们每天做早操。
①其中根据频度的“密疏”，频度副词的排列顺序是：always, usually, often, sometimes , seldom, hardly, never
②频度副词通常放在行为动词之前，be动词、助动词和情态动词之后；而副词短语经常位于句末或句首。例如：
I often get up early. 我经常起得早。
He is always kind to others. 他总是对别人很好。
I walk to school every day. 我每天步行去上学。
③对频度副词提问时，用how often.
--How often do you go to see your grandparents? --Once a week.
区分：sometime, some time, sometimes, some times
sometime指将来或过去的“某个时候”，指时间点；some time“一些时间，相当长的时间”，指时间段；sometimes“有时”，是频度副词；some time“几次，几倍”，time作可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”
every day表示“每天，天天”，是副词短语；而everyday表示“日常的”，是形容词，强调平常与普通。 English is widely used in everyday life.英语在日常生活中广泛使用。
三、一般现在时的构成
1. be动词：主语+be(am,is,are)+其它。如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词：主语+行为动词(+其它)。如：We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数，即要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如：Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
四、一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
　①否定句：主语+ be + not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
　②一般疑问句：Be +主语+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
　③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
　①否定句：主语+ don't( doesn't ) +动词原形(+其它)。如：I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如：He doesn't often play.
　②一般疑问句：Do( Does ) +主语+动词原形+其它。如：
- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如：
- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
　③特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：How does your father go to work?

五、动词碰到第三人称单数时，要进行相应的变化:
动词+s的变化规则
1. 一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks work - works
2. 以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies carry - carries
4. have - has
【经典练习】
I.写出下列动词的相应形式：
1. 第三人称单数：
wash_________ match _______guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________
2.写出下列动词的过去式：
stop______ see________ drive ________let_______ carry______ keep_____ join______ find_______ think________ teach______ catch______
3. 写出下列动词的现在分词形式： stay_______ begin______ forget_______
forget______ lie________ die _______ run_______ prefer______ give________
ring_______ dance______ hope_______
III单项选择：
1.The students will go to the Summer Palace if it _____ tomorrow.
A. don’t rain B. doesn’t rain C. won’t rain
2. There _____ an English film next week.
A. will have B. is going to have C. is going to be D. was going to be
3. The picture _______ nice.
A. looks B. is looked C. look D. is looking
4. She ______ down and soon fell asleep.
A. live B. lain C. laid D. lay
5. They _____ the office at nine yesterday morning.
A. reached to B. arrived C. went D. get to
6. We shall go to Shanghai on business before you _____ back next week.
A. will come B. came C. would come D. come
7. Don’t smoke until the plane ______ off.
A. takes B. took C. was taken D. is take
8. I saw her ____ the room this morning.
A. to enter B. entered C. enter D. enters
9.the teacher asked us ______ to school on time.
A. to come B. coming C. come D. comes
10. John is always ______ others.
A. help B. helping C. helps D. to help
11. He told us ______ at eight.
A. working B. to work C. work D. worked
12. You’d better ______ at home and ______ your homework.
A. to stay, do B. stay, do C. to stay, to do D. stay, to do
13. He sat down ______ a rest.
A. having B. have C. to have D. had
14. Uncle Wang knows _______ a washing machine.
A. how to make B. to make C. how making D. what to make
15. Jim decided _______ Polly to Ling Feng when he was back to England.
A. to leave B. left C. leaving D. leave

Unit 3 The earth
Date:_______ name:__________
【知识要点】
一、可数名词与不可数名词
1、可数名词
定义：可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式.
2、不可数名词
定义：指不能用数字计算的词，如物质名词( air，water)和抽象名词(advice，work)。通常只有单数形式。不可数名词表示数量的时候，可以用量词来表达，其结构是：数词+量词+of+名词。如: a bottle of water, two cups of tea。
3、判断
(1)．杯子里有一些水。There is some water in the glass.
(2)．教室里有一些垃圾。There is some rubbish in the classroom.
(3)．我们每天都需要很多空气。We need much air every day.
(4)．我吃了一个苹果。I eat an apple.
(5)．包里有好多书。There are a lot of books in the bag.
(6)．铅笔盒里有许多钢笔。There are many pens in the pencil-case.
【结论】1．_________名词有复数形式，如例句_________和_________ 。
2．_________名词前可以用不定冠词a／an修饰，如例句_________。
3．_________名词前不能用不定冠词a／an修饰，常和表示数量的短语、 _________、_________等连用，如例句_________，_________和_________。
二、there be 句型基本认识
1、 定义：There be句型表示“某处存在某物或某人”。
2、结构：(1) There is +单数可数名词/不可数名词 + 地点状语.
(2) There are +复数名词+地点状语.
注意事项： there是引导词，在句中不充当任何成分，翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物，谓语动词be要与主语（某人或某物）的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时，根据就近原则，谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。
①：变成否定
There be句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样，在be后加上not。
②：变成一般疑问句
There be句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首，再在句尾加上问号即可。但同时要注意：当肯定句中有some时，要将其改为any（否定变化也一样）。
注意事项：there be 句型与have句型的区别
(1) There be 句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下：There be表示“某处存在某物或某人”；have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”，它表示所有、拥有关系。
(2) 当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时，There be 句型与其可互换。如：
eg. A week has seven days. =There are seven days in a week.  一个星期有七天。

【典型例题】
I．单项选择。
( ) 1. I have _____ and a cup of orange juice for supper.
A. two bread B. two pieces of bread C. two breads D. two pieces of breads
( ) 2. Everyone needs _____ and water to live on Earth.
A. airs B. aires C. air D. an air
( ) 3. --- What's on the table?
--- There are three _____ on the table.
A. cup of coffee B. cups of coffees C. cups of coffee D. cup of coffees
( ) 4. _____ a table and two chairs in the room.
A. There is B. There being C. There are D. There be
( ) 5. The cat catches two _____ on my uncle's farm.
A. mice B. dog C. tiger D. mouse

Ⅱ. 将下列句子变成否定句和一般疑问句。
1.There is some water in the bottle.
否定句：_________________________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________________________
2.There are many apples in the box.
否定句：_________________________________________
一般疑问句：_________________________________________

【课堂小测】
I．根据句意，用a，an, much或many填空，补全句子。
1. I eat _________apple every day.
2. Mum, I want to have _________ orange.
3. He buys _________bananas.
4. In the morning, I drink _________ milk.
5. He has _________ map.
6. Carla has _________ different books.
7. There is _________water on the road.
8. He knows _________different languages.
9. I book _________room for my brother.
10. In China, there are__________ foreigners(外国人).
II．根据句意，用适当的be动词填空，补全句子。
11. There _________ a book and two pens on the desk.
12. There _________ many apples in the bag.
13. There _________ much water in the glass.
14. There _________ an egg on the table.
15. There _________ many animals in the zoo.
III. 根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词。
1．动物园里有老虎。_________ _________ tigers in the zoo.
2．打扰一下，你可以帮我打扫我的房间吗？
Excuse me, can you _________me _________ my room?
3．我在北京海洋馆里看到了鲸鱼。I _________ _________ in Beijing Aquarium.
4．我知道许多关于你的事实。I know _________ _________ about you.
5．我家离商店有两公里远。My home is _________ _________away from the shop.

【课后作业】
一、根据汉语提示补全句子，每空一词。
1．他需要为他的孩子做饭。
He _________ _________ _________ for his children.
2．我味觉很好。
I _________ good _________
3．我想要一个气球。
I _________ _________ have a balloon.
4．空气使我们活着。
Air _________us _________.
5．我能感觉到风从我脸上刮过。
I can _________the wind on my face when it blows.

Unit 4 Seasons
Date:_____ name:_____

【知识要点】
小议“形容词”
形容词是用来描述或修饰名词（或代词）的一类词。形容词在句中主要用作定语、表语和宾语补足语。其具体用法如下：
☆用作定语，修饰名词或代词，一般置于它所修饰的名词之前。例如：
Lily is a very beautiful girl. 莉莉是一个非常漂亮的女孩。
This is an interesting book. 这是一本有趣的书。
☆ 用作表语，位于系动词之后。常用的系动词有：
be, become, get, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, turn，seem，keep，grow等。例如：
It is going to be rainy tomorrow. 明天要下雨。
This song sounds nice. 这首歌听着不错。
Alice looks more lovely than before. 爱丽丝看起来比以前更可爱了。
☆用作宾语补足语，紧跟在宾语后面。例如：
The teacher asks us to keep the classroom clean. 老师告诉我们要保持教室干净。
He finds his job very hard. 他发现他的工作很难。
☆形容词还用在一些固定的句型之中，如“It is +adj.+ to do sth”，表示“做某事很……”。例如：
It is interesting to make snowmen in winter. 冬天堆雪人很有趣。

【典型例题】
根据汉语提示补全句子。
1．王林是一个很善良的男孩。
Wang Lin is a very_______ _______.
2．明天仍然要下雪。
It will still_______ _______ _______.
3．她今天感觉很不舒服。
She _______ _______ today.
4．爸爸告诉我不要独自在家。
Dad tells me not to_______ _______ _______ _______.
5．春季野餐很不错。
It is very_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ in spring.

【课堂小测】
一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词，补全句子。
1. It is very _________ (湿润的) on the ground. People are easy to fall over(摔倒).
2. He lives in a small _______ (镇) and he is very poor.
3. It is very cold. And the wind _________(吹) strongly.
4. It is always _________ (干燥的) in the northwest of China.
5. _________(在……期间) this holiday, I visited