2022年四六级翻译题必过.doc

四六级成绩已经揭晓，不懂得你过了吗？从12月开始，四六级考纲有关翻译题有两点大纲变动,1、句子翻译改为段落汉译英翻译2、考试范畴由“校园文化、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业”改为“校园文化、社会生活、餐饮娱乐、民生发展、科技兴国、生命科学、求职就业、新兴学科发展、中国老式文化”，其中亮点就是新增了难度较大文化领域。为此，针对老式文化，需要掌握如下文化语句通用表达，必背16句!一、对龙图腾她崇拜在中国大概已绵延了八千近年。中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物和云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成一种神物。 中国龙形成和中华民族多元融合过程同步。在中国人心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化寓意和团结凝聚精神。Chinese Dragon Dragon totem worship in China has been around for the last 8,000 years. The ancients in China considered the dragon (or loong) a fetish that combines animals including the fish, snake, horse and ox with cloud, thunder, lightning and other natural celestial phenomena. The Chinese dragon was formed in accordance with the multicultural fusion process of the Chinese nation. To the Chinese, the dragon signifies innovation and cohesion.二、秧歌舞是中国汉族一种民间老式舞蹈，一般在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者一般穿上明亮多彩表演服装，她们表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，她们所有会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些都市老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事她们也乐在其中。Yangko is one of tradition folk dance of Han in China.It is usually performed in northern provinces. The dancers usually wear colorful and light costumes, and the performance is powerful and rapid. During some festivals such as Spring Festival, Lantein Festival, if people hear the sound of drum and gong, no matter how cold the weather is , they will come to street and appreciate the Yangko. Recent years, the old people in city of east-northern of China organized the team of Yangko by themselves, the teamers keep their health by dancing Yangko the whole year.三、长城是人类发明世界奇迹之一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔同样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”事实上，长城最初只是部分断断续续城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到长城东起山海关，西至嘉峪关大部分所有是在明代修建。The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world that created by human beings! If you come to China without climbing the Great Wall, its just like going Paris without visiting the Eiffel Tower; or going to Egypt without visiting the Pyramids! Men often say, He who doest not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.In fact, it began as independent walls for different states when it was first built, and did not become the Great Wall until the Qin Dynasty. However, the wall we see today, starting from Shanhaiguan Pass in the east to Jiayunguan Pass in the west, was mostly built during the Ming Dynasty.四、Dumplings Dumplings are one of the Chinese peoples favorite traditional dishes. According to an ancient Chinese legend, dumplings were first made by the medical saint-Zhang Zhongjing. There are three steps involved in making dumplings: 1) make dumpling wrappers out of dumpling flour; 2) prepare the dumpling stuffing; 3) make dumplings and boil them. With thin and elastic dough skin, fresh and tender stuffing, delicious taste, and unique shapes, dumplings are worth eating hundreds of times. Theres an old saying that claims, “Nothing could be more delicious than dumplings”. During the Spring Festival and other holidays, or when treating relatives and friends, Chinese people like to follow the auspicious custom of eating dumplings. To Chinese people who show high reverence for family love, having dumplings at the moment the old year is replaced by the new is an essential part of bidding farewell to the old and ushering in the new year.饺子是深受中国人民爱慕老式食品。 相传为古代医圣张仲景发明。饺子制作是涉及： 1） 擀皮、2） 备馅、3） 包馅水煮三个环节。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃但是饺子”俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节所有有包饺子吃习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少内容。五、Acupuncture Acupuncture is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In accordance with the “main and collateral channels” theory in TCM, the purpose of acupuncture is to dredge the channel and regulate qi and blood, so as to keep the bodys yin and yang balanced and achieve reconciliation between the internal organs. It features in traditional Chinese medicine that “internal diseases are to be treated with external therapy”. The main therapy of acupuncture involves using needles to pierce certain acupoints of the patients body, or adopting moxibustion to stimulate the patients acupoints so as to stimulate the channels and relieve pain. With its unique advantages, acupuncture has been handed down generation after generation and has now spread all over the world. Nowadays, acupuncture, along with Chinese food, kung fu (otherwise known as Chinese martial arts), and traditional Chinese medicine, has been internationally hailed as one of the “four new national treasures.”针灸是中医学核心构成部分。根据中医经络理论，针灸疗法核心是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目旳。其特点是“内病外治”。核心疗法是用针刺入病人身体一定穴位，或用艾火温热刺激烧灼病人穴位，以达到刺激经络。诊断病痛目旳。针灸以其独特优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，和中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国“新四大国粹”。六、Chinese Kung Fu Chinese kung fu, or Chinese martial arts, carries traditional Chinese culture in abundance. It is a traditional Chinese sport which applies the art of attack and defence in combat and the motions engaged with a series of skill and tricks. The core idea of Chinese king fu is derived from the Confucian theory of both “the mean and harmony” and “cultivating qi” (otherwise known as nourishing ones spirit). Meanwhile, it also includes thoughts of Taoism and Buddhism. Chinese kung fu has a long history, with multi-various sects and many different boxing styles, and emphasizes coupling hardness with softness and internal and external training. It contains the ancient great thinkers pondering of life and the universe. The skills in wielding the 18 kinds of weapons named by the later generations mainly involve the skills of bare-handed boxing, such as shadow boxing (Taijiquan), form and will boxing (Xingyiquan), eight trigram palm (Baguazhang), and the skills of kung fu weaponry, such as the skill of using swords, spears, two-edged swords and halberds, axes, tomahawks, kooks, prongs and so on.中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏斗和套路运动之中中国老式体育项目，承载着丰富中国民族老式文化。其核心思想是儒家中和养气之说，同步兼容了道家、释家思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，核心指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。七、Chinese characters were initially meant to be simple pictures used to help people remember things. After a long period of development, it finally became a unique character system that embodies phonetic sound, image, idea, and rhyme at the same time. The writing system, which was extremely advanced in ancient times, began with inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, and these are regarded as the original forms of Chinese characters. Afterwards, Chinese characters went through numerous calligraphic styles: bronze inscriptions, official script, regular script, cursive script, running script, etc. Chinese characters are usually round outside and square inside, which is rooted in ancient Chinese beliefs of an orbicular sky and a rectangular Earth. The five basic strokes of Chinese characters are “-“ (the horizontal stroke) “” (the vertical stroke), “”( the left-falling stroke), “” (the right-falling stroke), and “乙” (the turning stroke).中文是从原始人用以记事简朴图画，通过不断演变发展最后成为一种兼具音、形、意韵独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟文字是甲骨文，被觉得是现代中文初形。后来，中文又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同样阶段。中文构造“外圆内方“， 源于古人”天圆地方“观念。中文有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。八、Chinese Chopsticks The Chinese way of eating with chopsticks is unique in the world. The recorded history of chopsticks started more than three thousand years ago. Chopsticks were named zhu in ancient Chinese. They look deceptively simple to use, but possess multi-various functions, such as clamping, turning over, lifting up, raking, stirring, scooping, poking, tearing, and so on. Chopsticks were taken as an auspicious mascot by ordinary people in ancient China. For example, the partial tone of chopsticks is often used by people as a metaphor at weddings to indicate a blessing or benediction for the couple to have a baby soon. Unlike using a knife and fork or ones own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is what matters”. Chopsticks are highly praised by Westerners as a hallmark of ancient oriental civilization.中国人使用筷子就餐措施在世界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷历史已有三千近年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简朴，但却同步具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子祝愿等。和使用刀叉和手抓 措施不同样，成双结对旳筷子具有“和为贵“意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老东方文明。九、Chinese Seal A seal can also be defined as a stamp. Both the Chinese official and private seal of various dynasties have different titles, such as stamp, zhu note, contract, fu, lease and others. The seals used by the emperors of ancient China were called xi, yin, bao, etc. According to historical records, seals were widely used during the Warring States Period (475BC-221BC). The making of a seal is to engrave fonts, such as seal characters and official script and so on; or images in the form of intaglio and embossment into the seal, basically shaped as round or square. Covered with a vermilion overlay, the Chinese seal is not only used in daily life, but it is also used to represent signatures on paintings and calligraphies. It is gradually becoming one of Chinas unique artworks.印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同样称谓，而帝王所用印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色 钤盖，除平常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有艺术形式之一。十、Chinese Era The Chinese era is the symbol that the Chinese calendar uses for recording and naming years. The ten Heavenly Stems are: jia, yi, bing, ding, wu, ji, geng, xin, ren, gui. The twelve Earthly Branches are: zi.chou, yin, mou, chen, si, wu, wei, shen, you, xu, hai. After observing the lunar month, the ancients found that the moon always wazes and wanes roughly 12 times a year, and two lunar months account for about 60 days, so the order of the ten Heavenly Stems and the order of the twelve Earthly Branches are properly matched in turn. In terms of recording date, 60 years is considered to be a full time cycle. The Chinese era chronology was first invented in ancient times and is still in use now. according to the chronology of the “ten Heavenly Stems,” is the year of “the seventh of the ten Heavenly Stems” and “ the fifth of the twelve Earthly Branches”.天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年岁措施。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干和十二地支顺序依次相配，记录不同样年份，60年为一种轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。按干支纪年法， 便是辛卯年。十一、hinese Beijing Opera Praised as “Oriental Opera”, Beijing Opera is a genuine national quintessence of China. It originated from many kinds of ancient local operas, especially huiban in southern China. At the end of the 19th Century, Beijing Opera evolved and took shape, becoming the greatest kind of opera in China. Beijing Opera is a blend of performing arts-song, speech, performance, acrobatix fighting and dance. Beijing Opera portrays and narrates the plot and characters through stylized acting. The main types of roles in Beijing Opera are sheng(male), dan (young female), jing (painted face, male), and chou( clown, male or female).京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”， 是地道中国国粹。它来源于中国多种古老地方戏剧，特别是南方“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化表演手段，论述故事，刻画人物。角色核心分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。十二、Chinese Taoism Taoism first originated in China. The founder of Taoism is Laozi a philosopher and thinker who lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period (770BC-476BC). Tao Te Ching whose authorship has been attributed to Laozi, is considered to be the main Taoist classic. Taoism advocates the value of a human beings life, recommends the discarding of all desires and worries from ones mind, and encourages the cultivation of moral character and the nourishment of human nature. The following is an example of Laozis golden saying: The way that can be told of is not an unvarying way; The names that can be named are not unvarying names. It was from the nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang; The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind. Truly, only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the secret essences; He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the outcomes.道教是中国土生土长长宗教。创始人是春秋末期哲学家、思想家老子。道教以老子所著道德经为核心典型。道教主张“重人贵生”。崇尚清静无为，修身养性。“道可道，很道。名可名，很名。无名天地之始；有名万物之母。故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子至理名言。十三、Chinese Idioms Chinese idioms refer to comprehensive and integrated fixed phrases and expressions. Idioms are established and accepted by constant usage and common practice. An idiom is a language unit that is larger than a word, but has the same grammatical function as a word. Most Chinese idioms consist of four characters. For example, ziqiangbuxi ( make unremitting efforts to improve oneself), qingchuyulan(bluer than indigo), and houjibofa (success comes with time and effort). Idioms are extrated from folk proverbs, ancient works of literature, poems, fables, allusions, and well-known sayings. Idioms are a part of the Chinese language that are concise and have great vitality.中国成语是汉语中意义完整表达一般概念固定词组或短语。“成语”中“成”既是商定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相称于词语言单位。绝大多数中国成语由四个中文构成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语核心从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力一部分。十四、China is the home of silk. Mulberry planting, sericulture, silk reeling and thickening are all great inventions of the ancient Chinese. As early as the Shang and Zhou Dynasties (1600BC-256BC), the Chinese peoples silk-weaving techniques had reached an extremely high level. During the Western Han Dynasty (206BC-25AD), Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat, travelled around central Asia and connected China with the Persian Gulf and the Mediterranean, opening up a new era of Sino-foreign trade, exchange and communication. From then on, Chinas silk became well known for its extraordinary quality, exquisite design and color, and abundant culture connotations. Hitherto, Chinese silk has been accepted as a symbol of Chinese culture and the emissary of oriental civilization.中国是丝绸家乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民伟大发明。商周时期丝绸生产技术就已发展到相称高水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原和波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易新纪元。后来中国丝绸以其卓越品质、精美花色和丰富文化内涵出名于世，成为中国文化象征。东方文明使者。十五、The Chinese classical garden is a precious treasure of our ancient Chinese architecture. It is a kind of environment art, which systematically combines artificial mountains and rivers, plants and buildings with the natural landscape. The construction standard of a Chinese classical garden is “artificial as it is, the garden must look ingenious and natural.” When you go sightseeing in a Chinese classical garden, you should be able to appreciate its artistic concept which “makes use of the natural landscape to create the real fun of mountains and rivers for viewers.” Of the worlds three major garden systems, the Chinese classical garden is hailed as one of the origins of the worlds garden due to its long history and abundant connotations.中国园林是把人造山水、植物、建筑等和自然地貌有机结合环境艺术，是中国古代建筑艺术珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充足领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上渊源之一。十六、The Four Treasures of the Study The writing brush, ink stick, ink stone, and paper were requisite treasures in the study of the scholars of ancient China, and they are often referred to as the “Four Treasures of the Study.” The writing brush and ink stick have been used by the Chinese to write and paint since 5,000 years ago. In the Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC), people already