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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,The 1st lesson,冠词使用方法,第1页,冠词定义与分类,冠词是一个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词意义。,冠词可分为,定冠词,，,不定冠词,和,零冠词,三类。,第2页,区分,不定冠词a和an，基本含义是,“一、一个”,，表示,泛指,。,定冠词the，基本含义是,“这个，那个”,，表示,特指,。,第3页,（一）不定冠词,a/an使用方法,1.,a,用于辅音发音开头词前,如：,a book,a hotel,a knife,an,用于元音发音开头词前，如：,an apple,an hour,an honour,an honest boy,an umbrella,第4页,a,D,di:,一个D,B、C、G、J、K、P、Q、T、U、V、W、Y、Z,an,F,ef,一个F,A、E、H、I、L、M、N、O、R、S、X,第5页,a 和an 区分,a,用在辅音音素前，包含以前元音j、w开首词前，读作，强调时读作e。,注意,，,这里讲,辅音音素,指是,发音,，不是指辅音字母。,an,用在,元音音素,前（不是元音字母），读作n，强调时读作n。,第6页,例子,a,useful tool,一件有用工具,a,university,一所大学,a,European country,一个欧洲国家,a,one-eyed man,一个一目失明人,第7页,不定冠词使用方法详细说明,1.,表示“一，一个”，用在单数可数名词前,There is a picture on the wall.,墙上有一幅图画。,He has an apple in his hand.,他手里拿着一个苹果。,第8页,注意,1).a(an)虽表示“一个”，但不强调数量，而是强调类别；one则强调数量。,I bought,a,computer.,我买了一台电脑。（不是收音机和电视机）,I bought,one,computer.,我买了一台电脑。（不是两台）,2).表示数量对比时，要用one,不用a(an)。,我有一支红铅笔，不过她有三支。,I have,a,red pencil,but she has three.,（误）,I have,one,red pencil,but she has three.,（正）,第9页,2.表示一类人或物，指同类中 任何一个，a或an无须翻译,Even,a,child can answer this question.,就是小孩子也能回答这个问题。,An,elephant is stronger than a horse.,大象比马力气大。,A,teacher must be strict with his students.,教师必须对学生严格要求。,第10页,3.第一次提到某人或某物,第一次提到某人或某物时，用不定冠词a或an，起介绍作用。,A,girl wants to see you.,一位姑娘要见你。,On,a,cold evening a stranger came to my house.,在一个严寒晚上，一个陌生人来到我住处。,第11页,4.表示身份、职业,不定冠词用于单数名词前表示身份、职业，尤其用在作表语或补足语名词前。,She is,a,high school teacher.,The Whites wanted their daughter to be,a,musician.,怀特夫妇想要他们女儿成为音乐家。,第12页,表示某个职位在某一时期内只有一人担任，或表示某人头衔，则不用冠词。,He is,captain,of the team.,Zhang Fei is,monitor,of their class.,注意,第13页,5.用于专有名词前，表示不认识某人,A,Mr.Green called you just now.,一位格林先生刚才给你打电话。,A,Mr.Smith wanted to see you.,有位史密斯先生想要见你。,第14页,6.不定冠词用在表示数量、长度、时间等计数单位名词前，表示“每一”,We have three meals,a,day.,我们天天吃三顿饭。,They met each other once,a,month.,他们每个月见面一次。,The car moved 100 miles,an,hour.,这辆小汽车以每小时100英里速度行驶。,第15页,7.用于一些结构中,不定冠词用在以下结构中：,结构：,such a/an+单数可数名词 quite a/an+单数可数名词 rather a/an+单数可数名词,It is,such a,fine day.,多么晴朗一天。,He is,quite an,honest man.,他是个非常老实人。,He is,rather a,gentleman.,他真是一位绅士,。,第16页,注意,名词前若有形容词修饰，不定冠词a(an)能够放在quite,rather前面或后面。,It is,rather a,difficult problem.,这是相当难一个问题。,It is,a rather,difficult problem.,第17页,8.用于某惯用短,have,a,cold 患感冒 have,a,rest 休息一下 have,a,fever 发烧 have,a,toothache 牙痛 have,a,talk 谈话 go for,a,walk 散步 take,a,bath 洗澡 tell,a,lie 撒谎 wait,a,moment等一会儿 with,an,effort 努力地 as,a,result 所以 for,a,while 一会儿,第18页,for,a,moment,一会儿,have,a,word with sb.,同某人谈话,have,a,try,试一下,have,a,good time,玩得高兴,have,a,look,看一看,do sb.,a,favour,帮某人忙,take,an,active part in,主动参加,as,a,whole,作为整体,all of,a,sudden,突然,once upon,a,time,从前,in,a,word,总之,第19页,9.与so,as,too,how等连用时位置,假如修饰名词形容词前有so,as,too,how等副词，不定冠词普通放在形容词和名词之前。,结构,：,so/as/too/how+形容词+a(an)+名词,He is,as,clever,a,boy as Tom.,他是像汤姆一样聪明孩子。,It is,so,high,a,wall that we cant climb it.,这堵墙非常高，我们爬不上去。,How,beautiful,a,bird it is!,这是一只多漂亮鸟啊！,It is,too,wide,a,rive for me to swim across.,这条河太宽，我游不过去。,第20页,注意,half 常放在不定冠词前，但在美国英语中，half也可放在不定冠词后。,half,an,apple 半个苹果,a,half apple,half,a,day 半天,a,half day,half,an,hour 半个小时,a,half hour,half,a,mile 半英里,a,half mile,第21页,（二）定冠词使用方法,1.,表示特指人或物,Please hand me,the,key on the desk.,请把桌上钥匙递给我。,The,girl in red is his sister.,穿红色衣服女孩是他妹妹。,The,building over there is the tallest in the town.,那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高。,I like,the,music of the film.,我喜欢这部电影音乐。,第22页,2.表示双方都知道或心中明白人或物,Shut,the,door,please.,Has he returned,the,book?,那本书他还了吗？,Take,the,blue one,it is cheaper.,拿那个蓝，它廉价些。,第23页,3.第二次提到,某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词，第二次提到时要用定冠词。,He saw,a,house in the distance.Jims parents lived in,the,house.,他看见远处有一所房子，吉姆父母就住在那所房子里。,There was once,an,old fisherman.,The,old fisherman had a cat.,The,cat was white.,从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。,第24页,4.用在世界上独一无二名词前,the sun太阳,the earth地球,the moon月亮,the sky天空,the world 世界,The moon goes round the earth.,月亮绕着地球转。,There is not any cloud in the sky.,天空中没有一丝云彩。,It was a fine day in spring.The sun shone brightly.,这是一个晴朗春日，阳光灿烂。,He is the richest man in the world.,他是世界上最富人。,第25页,5.用在表示方向、方位名词前,the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，the left左边,The birds are flying to,the,north.这些鸟向北方飞去。,The moon rises in,the,west and sets in,the,east.,月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。,Walk along the road and take the first turning on,the,right.,沿着这条路往前走，在第一个路口往右拐。,He stood at,the,back of the door.,他站在门背后。,第26页,注意,方位词成对使用组成平行结构时，不用定冠词。,The river is two thousand kilometers long from,west,to,east,.,这条河自西向公里长。,They traveled through the country from,south,to,north,.,他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。,第27页,6.用在形容词最高级前,Summer is,the,hottest season of the year.,夏天是一年中最酷热季节。,She is,the,best person for the job.,她是最适合这个工作人。,Hangzhou is one of,the,most beautiful cities in the world.,杭州是世界上最美城市之一。,The car is,the,most expensive of the four.,这部车是四部车中最贵。,第28页,7.用在序数词等前,定冠词用在,序数词,前，也用在表示序列,next,last,等前，还有在表示,“同一”或“唯一”等,词前,。,The,first,man to land on the moon is an American.,第一个登上月球人是美国人。,This may be,the,last,chance.,这可能是最终一次机会。,If I miss this train Ill catch,the,next,one.,假如赶不上这趟火车，我就赶下一趟。,He is,the,only,person who knows the secret.,他是唯一一个知道这个秘密人。,The two coats are of,the,same,colour.,这两件外衣颜色相同。,This is,the,very,book I want.,这正是我要书。（用very表示强调，正是）,第29页,注意,1),序数词表示“,又一,”时，前面用不定冠词,a(an),He bought,a,second pair of shoes.,他又买了一双鞋。,He asked a question,then,a,second,then,a,third,他问了一个问题，又问了第二个，第三个,2)序数词用作状语或表语时，前不加定冠词。,George arrived,first,.,乔治第一个到。,=George was,the,first person to arrive.,Jim and Jack are both,second,in the match.,汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。,第30页,9.用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别,The,orange is a kind of fruit.,橘子是一个水果。,The,horse is a useful animal.,马是一个有用动物。,注意,不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词复数名词,也可表示一类人或物。,A,dog is,a,faithful animal.,狗是忠实动物。,Dogs,are faithful animals.,第31页,10.用在乐器名词 前，表示演奏,She can play,the,piano.,He played,the,guitar.,注意,乐器名词表示详细器物或表示课程时，不加the,。,He bought,a,piano last month.,She,taught,piano in the school.,第32页,11.用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉名称前,the,Yangtze River 长江,the,Red Sea 红海,the,West Lake 西湖,the,Pacific 太平洋,the,Himalayas 喜马拉雅山,the,Nile 尼罗河,the,Rocky Mountains 落基山脉,the,South China Sea 南中国海,注意,例外情况,mount Tai 泰山,China Daily 中国日报,第33页,12.,用在由普通名词和另外一些词组成专有名词前,the,Great Wall 长城,the,United Nations 联合国,the,New York Times 纽约时报,the,United States of America 美国,the,Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会,the,Peoples Republic of China,中华人民共和国,the,North Pole 北极,the,Peoples Daily 人民日报,第34页,13.用在一些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念,the,old 老年人,the,sick 病人,the,poor 穷人,the,aged老人,the,young 年轻人,the,rich 富人,the,blind 盲人,the,wounded 伤员,The rich should help the poor.,富人应该帮助穷人。,The good is what people like.,人们总是喜欢美好东西。,The wounded have been sent to the hospital.,伤员已经被送到医院去了。,第35页,14.用在姓氏复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓夫妇二人,The Greens,will move to the country.,格林一家要搬到乡下去。,The Wangs,came to see us yesterday.,王家一家人昨天来看我们。,The Browns,are very friendly.,布朗夫妇都很友好。,第36页,15.用在表示计算单位名词前，含有“每，每一”意思,Jim is paid by,the,hour.,吉姆工资按小时付。,Eggs are sold by,the,kilogram.,鸡蛋按千克出售。,This cloth is sold by,the,yard.,这种布按码出售。,It sells at three dollars,the,pound.,它以每磅三美元出售。,They sell sugar by,the,pound.,他们按磅卖糖。,第37页,16.用在前面已提到过人身体部位或衣着名词前,这种使用方法是先把整个对象说出来，然后再说到那个对象身体局部或衣着。,动词(hit,pull,pat,strike,catch,hold,take)+sb.+介词(in,on,by,across)+身体部位或衣着,She touched him on,the,shoulder.,她碰了碰他肩。,The stone struck the man in,th,e eye.,石头击中了那人眼睛。,I caught her by,the,right hand.,我抓住她右手。,她拍了拍那男孩头。,She patted the boy on,the,head.,第38页,17.用在逢十复数数词前，表示年代，也指人大约岁数,The war broke out in,the,forties.,那场战争发生在40年代。,He went abroad in,the,1980s.,他在20世纪80年代出国。,The old man is in,the,seventies.,老人大约七十几岁。,第39页,18.用在表示自然现象名词前,the rain,the wind,the fog,the snow,the air,the storm,the snowstorm,Dont stand in,the,rain.,The,wind blew down the trees.The ship sank in,the,storm.,The,rain has cleaned,the,air.,第40页,19.,用在一些习惯用语,in,the,morning 在早晨in,the,field 在田野里in,the,country 在乡间in,the,sun 在阳光下on,the,right 在右边by,the,way 顺便说一下in,the,sky 在空中in,the,dark 在暗处in,the,rain 在雨中in,the,shade 在阴凉处all,the,time 一直in,the,middle of 在中间,in,the,front of 在前部in,the,daytime 白天at(/in),the,beginning 开始at,the,moment当初，此刻all,the,year round 一年到头go to,the,theatre 去看戏at,the,weekend 周末,on,the,way home 回家途中all,the,same 依然on,the,whole 总之at,the,same time 同时in,the,year 在年,the,other day 前几天at,the,bottom of在底部in,the,end 终于,第41页,（三）零冠词使用方法,1.专有名词（人名、地名、季节、月份、周日、节日等）前不用冠词,1)月份,January,2)周日,Monday Friday,3)季节,spring summer,4)节日,Christmas Day,New Years Eve,National Day,5)人名,Mary,Jones,Mr.BrownPorfessor Smith,6)地名,Asia 亚洲China 中国Britain 英国Beijing 北京New York 纽约,Spring,is coming.,春天就要到了。,These birds fly to the south in,winter,.,这些鸟冬天飞往南方。,She came on,Friday,.,她星期五来。,第42页,注意,1）,假如月份、季节名词带有修饰语，表示特定时间，要加,定冠词,。,季节名词在上下文中表示特定一段时间，要加,定冠词。,They built the bridge in,the spring,of.,The fire broke out on,the Friday,when they were not at home.,These animals eat nothing all through,the winter,.,2）,但要说,the,Spring Festival,，以festival组成节日名称前要加the.,the,Mid-autumn Festival,the,Dragon-boat Festival 端午节,第43页,2.,物质名词表示普通概念时，不用冠词,Water,boils at 100.They are short of,food,.,注意,1）,假如物质名词表示特指或有定语修饰，则要加定冠词。,Snow is falling hard.,雪正下得很大。The snow in the field has melted.She likes milk very much.The milk in the bottle has gone sour.,2）,物质名词用于表示“一客、一杯、一份、一个、一阵”时，要用不定冠词。,Id like an ice cream.A tea and two coffees,please.,There was a heavy rain this morning.,第44页,3.抽象名词表示普通概念时，不用冠词,Friendship,is more important than,money,.,情谊比金钱更主要。,Does he like,music,?,他喜欢音乐吗？,Knowledge,is power.,知识就是力量。,Failure,is the mother of,success,.,失败乃成功之母,。,第45页,注意,1）抽象名词有定语修饰，表示特指时，要加定冠词。,I like,the music,of the TV play.,我喜欢这部电视剧中音乐。,2）抽象名词表示“一个，一类，一次，一番，一例”等概念时，要加不定冠词。,Maths is,a science,.,She has,a,good,knowledge,of English.,Lets go for a,swim,.,He had,a wash,first.,第46页,4.表示一类人或物复数名词前不用冠词,Birds,are our friends.,We are fond of,sports,.,Teachers,should be kind to their students.,Boys,are usually stronger than,girls,.,注意,表示某一类人或物时，可用下面三种方法：狗是忠实动物。,The,dog is a faithful animal.,A,dog is a faithful animal.,Dogs,are faithful animals.,第47页,5.表示一日三餐名词前不用冠词,I usually have,breakfast,at seven.,He doesnt have,lunch,at home.,Dinner,is ready.,第48页,注意,1）三餐名词前有定语修饰时，特指某一餐，要用不定冠词。,We had,a,wonderful,lunch,.,我们吃了一顿很丰盛午餐。,They had,a,nice,dinner,last night.,他们昨晚吃了一顿丰盛饭。,2）表示某一次详细餐食，要用定冠词。,The lunch,was cooked well.,Did you enjoy,the dinner,at his house?,他家饭你喜欢吗？,3）meal 常同不定冠词连用，泛指一顿饭。,She cooks,a,hot,meal,in the evening.,晚上她总会烧一顿热饭。,He had,a,big,meal,at his uncles.,他在叔叔家大吃了一顿。,第49页,6.表示体育运动、棋牌名词前不用冠词,He plays,football,after school.,他放学后踢足球。,He is good at playing,chess,.,他象棋下得好。,They play,cards,on Sundays.,他们经常星期天打牌。,第50页,7.表示学科、语言,名词前不用冠词,She teaches,English,in a middle school.,Chemistry,is not easy to learn.,Can you speak,Japanese,?,We have,Chinese,and,maths,in the morning.,第51页,8.表示称呼语、职位、,头衔名词前不用冠词,Where are my shoes,mom,?,Tom,go and fetch some water.,Now,children,listen to me carefully.,Mr.Xu,teaches us maths.,President Li,will come to our class.,He was once,mayor,of the city.,They made him,monitor,.,John was,captain,of the team.,第52页,9.一些交通工具名称前不用冠词,by train(=on a train)by ship(=on a ship),by taxi(=,in,a taxi)by plane(=on a plane),by bus(=on a bus)by bike(=on a bike),by car(=,in,a car)on foot 步行,I go to school by bike.,Did you go by air?,你坐飞机去吗？,They came by land.,他们由陆路来。,The goods will be sent there by water.,货物将由水路运往那里。,表示邮寄方式名词前也不用冠词。,He sent the letter,by air mail,.这封信他寄了航空。,第53页,10.,名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词全部格时，不可再加冠词。,这是我书。,This is,my book,.,汤姆母亲是一位医生。,Toms mother,is a doctor.,Which bus,did you take?,你乘哪路公交车？,第54页,11.两个平行、并列名词前不用冠词,arm in arm 臂挽臂side by side 肩并肩father and son 父子hand in hand 手拉手face to face 面对面one by one 一个接一个sun and moon 日月from beginning to end 自始至终day and night日日夜夜step by step 循序渐进,第55页,12.一些习惯语中不用冠词,go to school 上学on time 按时at last 终于in fact 实际上on holiday 在度假at first起初,lose heart 气馁on foot步行in trouble 处于困境with pleasure 愿意地with difficulty 吃力地,第56页,有冠词和无冠词意思不一样,在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不一样,in front of,在前面,in the front of,在范围内前部,in hospital,(生病)住院,in the hospital,在医院里。,第57页,
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