语法篇专题特殊句式强调倒装省略therebe市公开课金奖市赛课一等奖课件.pptx

专项十三 特殊句式（强调、倒装、省略、there be）,一、强调句,定义：强调句是一个修辞方式，是人们为了表示自己意愿或情感而使用一个形式。,强调方式主要有下列几种结构：,第1页,第1页,类型,例句,用助动词“do/doesdid动词原形”来强调谓语动词。,He does know the place well.,Do write to me when you get there.,用形容词 very，only，single，such,last 等修饰名词或形容词来加强语调。,The last thing she needed was more work.,Thats the very textbook we used last term.,You are the only person here who can speak Chinese.,How dare you buy such expensive jewels?,用倒装句（将要强调句子或被强调部分置于句首）来加强语调。,On the table were some flowers.,Many a time have I climbed that hill.,第2页,第2页,用强调句型：“It is/was被强调部分that/who原句其它部分”。被强调部分为“人”时用who/that，不然都用that。,注意：被强调部分不能是谓语动词。,It was on Monday night that all this happened.,Its me who he blamed.,It was what you did that made me satisfied.,It is I who/that am in charge of the factory.,用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语能够表示更强语调（惯用于疑问句)。,Where in the world could he be?,What on earth is it?,第3页,第3页,【考点一】考察not.until 结构强调句，其结构为：,It is/was not until+被强调部分+that+其它部分。,【即学即练】,单项填空,It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.,A.was until;when,B.was until;that,C.wasnt until;when,D.wasnt until;that,答案：D,【考点二】考察复合句中强调句型,【即学即练】,单项填空,Was it _ he was seriously ill that he didnt come to school yesterday?,第4页,第4页,although B.that C.because D.since,_ he came back home that we knew what had happened.,A.When it was B.It was when,C.Was it when D.When was it,答案：C B,【考点三】考察强调句特殊疑问句,其结构是：疑问词+is/was+it+that+其它部分，但这类句型如出现在宾语从句中，其结构为：疑问词+it+is/was+that+其它部分。,Where was it that you met the Frenchman?,【即学即练】,单项填空,_ electricity plays an important part in our daily life?,A.Why was it that B.Why is it that,C.Why is it D.Why it is that,答案：B,第5页,第5页,【难点一】正确判断强调句型,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确。,It was the school gate _ I met an old friend of mine after class.,Was it in this palace _ the last emperor died?,解析：强调句型强调部分必须是对 that/who 之后句子某一成份表示强调，假如把“It is(was).that”去掉，该句意思完整。题假如去掉It was与横线部分，则成份不完整，the school gate 前应当加上at才干作状语，才干构成强调句型，因此题为定语从句应填where；题若去掉Was it与横线部分，句子完整，故应填that，为强调句型。,【难点二】强调句型与It is/was+时间+when/before从句；It be+时间+since从句；It be long.before.等句型区别。,用一个恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确,It was at midnight _ I got back home yesterday.,It was midnight _ I got back home yesterday.,第6页,第6页,It is two years _ I began to learn English.,It may be many years_ the situation improves.,解析：通过度析题干可知，题是强调句型，被强调是时间状语，空白处应填that；题以名词方式来表示时间，其后从句是when引导定语从句；题表示“自从以来已有多久”，用since来引导；题用是“It was+时间段+before从句”表示“过了多长时间才”。,二、倒装句,定义：为了强调、突出等目的而颠倒原有语序句式叫做倒装句，颠倒了成份能够恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成份不变。倒装句分为三种：,完全倒装：指将句子中谓语动词所有置于主语之前。,部分倒装：指将谓语一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。假如句中谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do,does或did，并将其置于主语之前。,形式倒装：在语法上又被称为前置。它特点是，只把强调内容提置句首，主谓并不倒装。,详细使用办法见下表：,第7页,第7页,倒装类型,例句,部分倒装,Only in this way can you solve this problem.,No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.,So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.,完全倒装,Up went the rocket into the air.,Such would be our home in the future.,On top of the hill stands a tall tree.,Here comes the bus.,形式倒装,What an interesting talk they had!,The more you listen to English,the easier it becomes.,Whatever reasons you have,you should carry out your promise.,第8页,第8页,【考点一】部分倒装,部分倒装主要有下列几种情况：,(1)句首状语为否认词（组）或半否认词（组）句子。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,not only,in no way,at no time,few,not,no等。,Little does he care about what I said.,(2)only+状语放在句首，要部分倒装。注意，only修饰主语不倒装。,Only by this means is it possible to explain it.,(3)so/such.that结构中so或such位于句首。,So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.,(4)“neither/nor助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦非如此”；,“so助动词系动词情态动词主语”表示“某人或某事亦是如此”。,第9页,第9页,注意：当陈说部分既有必定又有否认或者谓语动词既有实义动词又有助动词时，可用下面两个句型：It is the same with.或So it is with.。,Jack is a student and he studies hard.It is the same with Tom.,“so主语助动词系动词情态动词”表示“某人或某事确实如此”。,I reminded you not to forget the appointment.,So you did.,(5)if引导虚拟条件句含有were,had，should时,可省略if,再把were,should或had移到从句句首。,Had you come earlier,you would have met him.,(6)用于一些表示祝愿句子里。,May you succeed!,【考点二】完全倒装,所有倒装即完全倒装有下列几种情况：,(1)There be结构。另外，在此结构中能够用来代替be动词动词有：exist,seem,happen,appear,live,rise,stand等。,There exist different opinions on this question.,第10页,第10页,(2)“Here/There/Now/Then+come(或be等)+主语”结构。,本句型中there是副词,应重读,强调地点。而There be句型中there本身没意义。,Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.,There comes the bus.,此句型中主语必须是名词。假如主语是人称代词，就不用倒装。,There she comes.,(3)表示方向副词out,in,up,down等置于句首,要用所有倒装。但主语是代词时用部分倒装。,In came Mr White.,Away went the boy.,Out she went.,(4)表示地点介词短语(如:on the wall,under the tree,in front of the house等)放在句首时，要所有倒装。,On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.,They arrived at a house,in front of which sat an old man.,(5)用于一些表示祝愿句子里。,Long live the Peoples Republic of China!,第11页,第11页,(6)其它形式完全倒装。,Present at the meeting was Mr.Green,a headmaster.,（形容词短语）,East of the city lies a new railway.(副词短语),First to be completed was the seven-storey teaching building.,(不定式短语),Gone are the days when my heart was young and gay.(过去分词),Lying on the floor was a boy aged 15.(现在分词短语),三、省略句,省略句是英语一个习惯使用办法。按照语法分析，句子应当具备成份，有时出于修辞上需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：即使省去句子语法结构所需要构成部分，但仍能表示其完整意义。省略形式多样，从单词、短语到分句，都能够省略，并且各有一定衔接关系，不容臆断。,省略使用办法见下表：,第12页,第12页,省略类型,例句,不定式省略,He may leave if he wishes to.,I prefer not to.,状语从句中省略,While(you are)cycling,dont forget the traffic lights.,He opened his lips as if(he were)to speak.,The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.,Whenever(it is)possible,he will come to my help.,so,not 替换词省略,Get up early tomorrow.If not,you will miss the first bus.,He may not be at home then.If so,leave him a note.,第13页,第13页,【考点一】考察状语从句省略,在以when,while,if,as if,though(although),as,whether,once,whenever等连词引导状语从句中，若从句主语是it或与主句主语相同，且在谓语中含有be动词时，常省略从句主语和be，引导词后直接跟不定式、分词、形容词、介词短语等。,Look out for cars when(you are)crossing the street.,While(I was)walking along the street,I heard my name called.,He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.,Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.,【考点二】不定式符号to省略,感官实义动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词 have,make,let等后接不定式作宾补时,省略不定式to；do nothing but,cant(help/choose)but等结构常接省略to不定式；在口语中，为了避免重复，不定式能够省去和句子前部重复动词原形而只保留 不定式符号 to。,第14页,第14页,I watched him disappear in the distance.,Sandy could do nothing but admit to his teacher that he was wrong.,【考点三】替换词so/not省略,用于避免重复前面说过内容，替换词,so/not,代替必定或否认内容。可与,believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,Im afraid,if,等连用,。,否认期,hope与guess,只用,I hope not,和,I guess not,形式，而,think,believe,suppose,等其它词可有两种否认形,式，即,：I think not,或,I dont think so。,Will you be able to finish your report today?,I hope so.,The boys are not doing a good job at all,are they?,I guess not.,【考点四】日常交际中省略,在情景会话中，答语经常省略不会引起歧义主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望理解内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾情况。,第15页,第15页,【即学即练】,单项填空,Can I speak to Mr.Wang,please?,_,A.Who are you?B.Im Wang.,C.Speaking.D.Are you John?,How about seeing the new movie at the theatre tonight?,_,but Ive got to go over my notes for tomorrows exam.,A.All right B.Sounds great,C.I cant D.No,I am terribly sorry,答案：C B,第16页,第16页,不定式省略问题,用恰当词完毕下列句子，使之完整、正确。,My parents encouraged me to go to college,but I didnt want_.,Are you a sailor?,No,but I used_.,解析：在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在动词(如：want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate，have,ought,be going)，一些形容词(如：glad,happy,pleased,delighted等)后往往只保留to，而省略后面动词，否认形式省略则用not to，但当不定式后有be,have,have been时，要保留be,have和have been。因此，第题填to；而题填to be。,四、反义疑问句,反义疑问句即附加疑问句，是对陈说句所表示事实或观点提出疑问句子。附加疑问事实上是一个简略普通疑问句。反义疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是一个陈说句，后一部分是一个简短疑问句，两部分人称时态应保持一致。,第17页,第17页,构成反意疑问句两部分：前肯后否，前否后肯。,常见考点见下表：,陈说部分,反义疑问句部分,例句,祈使句,用will you表示“请求”，或用wont you 表示提醒对方注意；,在否认祈使句后，只能用will you。,Lets引导祈使句表示“提议”时，反意疑问句部分用shall we。,Look at the blackboard,will you/wont you?,Lets go home,shall we/shant we/may I?,Let me/us have a try,will you/wont you?,Dont forget,will you?,感慨句,用be普通现在时否认式,What fine weather,isnt it?,含实义动词need,dare,用助动词do适当形式,He needs help,doesnt he?,第18页,第18页,主、谓语是I am.时,用arent I,Im working now,arent I？,主语是everything,nothing,anything,主语应用代词it,Something is wrong with my radio,isnt it?,主语是everybody,everyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither,主语需用复数代词they(也可用he),Everyone is here,arent they?,No one knows about it,do they?,Somebody borrowed my coat yesterday,didnt they?,主语是批示代词this/that或 these/those,主语与之相应用it或they,This is a plane,isnt it?,These are grapes，arent they?,第19页,第19页,主语是不定代词one时,主语能够用one，也可用he(美式英语),One should be ready to help others,shouldnt one?,含有否认词：few,little,seldom,ha-rdly,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等,反意疑问句部分用必定提问,He is never late for school,is he?,He hardly knows anything about computer,does he?,含否认词是通过加前缀或后缀构成,反意疑问句部分用否认结构,It is unfair,isnt it?,He was unsuccessful,wasnt he?,有否认含义词在陈说部分作动词宾语,用必定结构，也可用否认结构,You got nothing from him,did you?,主语是从句、不定式、动词ing形式,主语应当用it,What you need is more important,isnt it？,第20页,第20页,主从复合句,依据主句谓语而定；若主从复合句为含I think/believe/suppose.that.结构，与从句主、谓语保持一致。,They agreed that the United States shouldnt make a war on Iraq,didnt they?,I dont think he will come,will he?,I suppose(that)he is serious,isnt he?,并列句,谓语依据邻近从句谓语而定,I wont go there,but he will go instead,wont he?,含有have/had to,dont/didnt,You have to water the plants,dont you?,there be句型,用there,There was a hospital here,wasnt there?,第21页,第21页,含有had better,用hadnt,We had better go there at once,hadnt we?,含有情态动词must,must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustnt.?/neednt.?,must表示推测时，反意疑问句部分与must后面动词呼应。,We mustnt be late,must we?,You must go home now,neednt you?/mustnt you?,Tom must be at home now，isnt he?,含used to表示“过去经常”,didnt+主语或usednt+主语,He used to live in China,usednt/didnt he?,would rather/like to+v.,wouldnt+主语,He would rather stay at home,wouldnt he?,第22页,第22页,含有ought to，陈说部分是必定,shouldn,t/oughtn,t+主语,You ought to do this work,shouldn,t you?,谓语动词是have(当“拥有”讲时),用have形式或用do形式,You have a nice house,haven,t/don,t you?,He hasn,t a house of his own,has he?,He doesn,t have a house of his own,does he?,五、There be 句型,There be 结构主要用以表示“某处(某时)有某人(某物)”,其基本句型为“There be+某物或某人+某地或某时”,其中there 是引导词，没有词义；be是谓语动词；“某人或某物”是句子主语;“某地或某时”作句子状语,多为介词短语。,第23页,第23页,构成,例句,基本,结构,There be,There is a flower in the bottle.,There are four chairs and a small bed in the room.,特殊,结构,在正式文体中，一些表示存在、发生、出现、坐落等意义不及物动词也能够与there连用，如：appear,seem,come,remain,exist,live,stand,lie,arise等。,There exist many ancient temples in the country.There lies a small village in the mountain.,There remains nothing more to be done.,There followed the First World War.,There flashed through his mind the image of a heroic fighter.,基本使用办法下列表：,第24页,第24页,特殊结构,there+情态动词+be表示“预见”、“也许”、“必定”或“过去习惯存在”等。,There might be some desserts if you wait a bit.,There ought to have been someone on duty all the time.,There shall be no more wars.,there to be 或there+being形式，称为非限定存在句，能够作主语、宾语、介词补足语，状语等。,There being a railway station in the town is a great help.,We expect there to be no objections.,第25页,第25页,【考点一】There be句型主谓一致,当There be 后面名词是两个或两个以上时，There be 结构中be动词要遵循“就近一致”原则，即和紧随其后名词在人称和数上保持一致。There is a pen and two books on the desk.,【考点二】There be句型反意疑问句,在There be句型反意疑问句中，反问部分结构为be(not)there。,There are some trees in your school,arent there?,there be句型非谓语形式,用be动词适当形式填空,There_ no bus,we had to walk home.,第26页,第26页,No one would have dreamt of there_ such a fine place.,I dont want there_ any misunderstanding.,There_ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.,解析：There be 句型有不定式、动词-ing形式，在句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语等。注意它们在句子中成份及与句子中其它成份搭配关系。题中答案应当是being，“There being+名词”构成独立主格结构，在句中作状语；题答案应当是being，there being在句子中作介词of宾语（there be结构若出现在介词for后面则要用动词不定式）；题答案to be，there to be能够作动词want,expect,prefer 宾语；题答案为being，There being a bus stop用作主语。,六、祈使句,用于表示命令、请求、劝说、警告、严禁等句子叫做祈使句，祈使句最惯用于表示命令，因此也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，因此通常都省略。祈使句动词都为普通现在时。,祈使句类型下列：,第27页,第27页,类型,例句,无主语式,Dont be so sure.Never come late.,有主语式(表示强调),You,water the flowers.,You,girls clean the floor.,祈使句+and+陈说句=If.,+主句；,祈使句+or+陈说句=If.not.,+主句,注意：上述句型用and表示顺承结果，用or表示转折结果，且主句通惯用普通未来时。,【即学即练】,单项填空,Work hard,_ you will pass the exam.,A.but B.or C.and D.thus,答案：C,第28页,第28页,1.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village _ the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.（安徽）,A.where B.that C.when D.which,解析：选B。考察强调句型。本题难点，在于强调部分中含有一个定语从句“that she had bought in the village”。,2.Johns success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work _ has made him what he is today.(湖南),A.why B.when C.which D.that,解析：选D。考察强调句型。句意为：约翰成功绝非偶然，正是多年努力使得他成就了今天成绩（成为他现在样子）。强调主语“years of hard work”，其正常语序应为：Years of hard work has made him what he is today.,3.If you have a job，_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.(四川),A.do devote B.dont devote,C.devoting D.not devoting,第29页,第29页,解析：选A。考察谓语动词强调及“祈使句+and+未来时”固定搭配。句意为：假如你有了一份工作，付出努力去做它，最后你定能成功。此处应是祈使句，强调谓语动词要借助助动词do，故选A。,4.John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.(陕西),A.a girl did stand B.a girl stood,C.did a girl stand D.stood a girl,解析：选D。考察特殊句式。Here,There,Thus,Then等副词位于句首，且当句子主语是名词时，句子用所有倒装。,5.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.(浙江),A.being carried out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out,解析：选C。考察if条件句中省略情况。句意为：这项试验表明，适当运动，假如有规律进行，能够有助于我们身体健康。句子主语是the experiment；谓语动词是shows；that引导宾语从句，if regularly是插入条件从句，从句主语是proper amounts of exercise，条件句主语与主句主语一致，并且含有is，故省略了主语及is，完整形式是：if it is carried out。,第30页,第30页,6.Is everyone here?,Not yet.Look,there _ the rest of our guests!（江苏）,A.comeB.comes C.is coming D.are coming,解析：选A。考察主谓一致及倒装。there放在句首时，句子谓语用完全倒装结构，由guests可知，the rest指代复数内容，故选A。,7.Not until he left his home_ to know how important the family was for him.(江西),A.did he begin B.had he begunC.he began D.he had begun,解析：选A。考察倒装。not until放在句首要用部分倒装，begin to know发生在leave之后或同时发生。,8.We laugh at jokes,but seldom _ about how they work.(四川),A.we think B.think weC.we do think D.do we think,解析：选D。考察倒装。句意为:我们因笑话而笑，但很少去思考笑话如何让我们笑。seldom为否认副词放句首，用部分倒装，故选D。,9.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River,_ one of the ten largest cities in China.(重庆),第31页,第31页,A.lies Chongqing B.Chongqing lies,C.does lie Chongqing D.does Chongqing lie,解析：选A。考察倒装。表示方位地点状语提前且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。,10.Though _ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(全国),A.surprising B.was surprised C.surprised D.being surprised,解析：选C。考察省略结构和非谓语动词。补充完整为：Though he was surprised，故选C。,11.Does Jenny always keep her promise?,Seldom,_.(山东5月高考模拟),A.if any B.whenever possible C.if everD.when necessary,解析：选C。考察省略条件句，if ever 表示曾经有过。,12.Seldom _ computer games ever since he entered college.(潍坊市高三教学质量抽样检测),A.did he play B.has he played C.he played D.he has played,解析：选B。考察倒装结构。由时间状语since he entered college能够看出，应用完毕时，seldom置于句首，应当用部分倒装。,第32页,第32页,13.Only in recent years _ realized that ability training is more important than profession training.(临沂市5月高三模拟考试),A.people have B.people had,C.were people D.have people,解析：选D。考察倒装。only in recent years 放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。,14.We must apply what we have learned to our daily work because in no case _ from practice.(烟台市质量调研),A.should theory separate,B.theory should be separated,C.theory should separate,D.should theory be separated,解析：选D。考察倒装句和被动语态。依据后面in no case可知用部分倒装，理论与实践应当是被分开，应当用被动语态。,15.I suddenly found my watch didnt work any more and only then _ I was late for school.(