inorganicchemistrynomenclature无机化学命名法.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,google,Inorganic nomenclature,Common names,A lot of chemicals have,common names,as well as the,proper IUPAC names.,H,2,Owater,not dihydrogen monoxide,NH,3,ammonia,not nitrogen trihydride,Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry,Naming,ionic,compounds,(containing a metal or a polyatomic,ion,),Naming,molecular compounds,(covalent),Naming,acids,Naming,hydrates,背诵elements,1,Hydrogen,H,氢,2,Helium,He,氦,3 Lithium Li 锂,4,Beryllium,Be,铍,5 Boron B 硼,6 Carbon C 碳,7 Nitrogen N 氮,8 Oxygen O 氧,Fluorine,F,氟,Neon Ne 氖,背诵elements,11 Sodium Na 钠,12 Magnesium Mg 镁,Aluminium(Br)Al 铝,Aluminum (Am),Silicon Si 硅,Phosphorus P 磷,Sulphur 英（sulfur美)S 硫,Chlorine Cl 氯,Argon Ar 氩,Potassium,K,钾,Calcium Ca 钙,背诵elements,Sodium Na 钠,Potassium K 钾,Silver,Ag,银,Tin,Sn,锡,Antimony,Sb,锑 t,Copper,Cu,铜,Iron,Fe,铁,Lead Pb,铅,Mercury,Hg,汞,Gold,Au,金,背诵elements,Platinum,Pt,铂,Tungsten,W,钨,Manganese,Mn,锰,Cobalt,Co,钴,Nickel,Ni,镍,Zinc,Zn,锌,Bromine,Br,溴,Iodine,I,碘,Lanthanum,La,镧,Actinium Ac 锕,Barium,Ba,钡,Cesium,Cs,铯,Xenon,Xe,氙,PREFIX,mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-,NUMBER,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,背诵Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes,Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry,Naming,ionic,compounds,(containing a metal or a polyatomic,ion,),Naming,molecular compounds,(covalent),Naming,acids,Naming,hydrates,1 Ionic compounds,1.Cation,阳离子,first,then anion,阴离子,2.,Mona,tomic cation=name of the element,if there is only,one,such ion.,calcium,ion,Ca,2+,=,sodium ion,Na,+,is called,3.,Mona,tomic anion =,root,+,-ide,Cl,-,=,CaCl,2,=,calcium chlor,ide,chlor,ide,chlorine,1 ionic compounds,1 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds,Examples:,NaCl,ZnI,2,Al,2,O,3,Na,2,SO,4,aluminum ox,ide,sodium chlor,ide,zinc iod,ide,poly,atomic anion,1 Ionic compounds,1.Cation,阳离子,first,then anion,阴离子,2.,Mona,tomic cation=name of the element,if there is only,one,such ion.,calcium,ion,Ca,2+,=,sodium ion,Na,+,is called,3.,Mona,tomic anion =,root,+,-ide,Cl,-,=,chlor,ide,CaCl,2,=,calcium chlor,ide,1 Ionic compounds,4,Cations,able to take on,more than one,positive charge are labeled with,Roman numerals,in parentheses,Cu,Fe,copper(I)ion,copper(II)ion,Cu,+,Cu,2+,Fe,2+,Fe,3+,iron(II)ion,iron(III)ion,Older sysytem,*,In,an older system,of nomenclature,such ions are named by adding the suffixes,ous,and,ic,to,a stem name,of the element to indicate the ions of lower and higher charges,respectively.,ferr,ic,ion,ferr,ous,ion,cupr,ous,ion,cupr,ic,ion,Examples of Older Names of Cations formed from Transition Metals(you do not have to memorize these),1 ionic compounds,a few,such as zinc,have only a single ion that is normally encountered,and you usually name them by just the metal name(,zinc,).you,would not be wrong,however,for example,you named zinc as,zinc(II)ion,.,1 Ionic compounds,1.Cation,阳离子,first,then anion,阴离子,2.,Mona,tomic cation=name of the element,if there is only,one,such ion.,Binary Ionic Compounds:(5 points),calcium,ion,Ca,2+,=,sodium ion,Na,+,is called,3.,Mona,tomic anion =,root,+,-ide,Cl,-,=,chlor,ide,CaCl,2,=,calcium chlor,ide,1 Ionic compounds,4,Cations,able to take on,more than one,positive charge are labeled with,Roman numerals,in parentheses,Cu,Fe,copper(I)ion,copper(II)ion,Cu,+,Cu,2+,Fe,2+,Fe,3+,iron(II)ion,iron(III)ion,Older sysytem,*,In,an older system,of nomenclature,such ions are named by adding the suffixes,ous,and,ic,to,a stem name,of the element to indicate the ions of lower and higher charges,respectively.,ferr,ous,ion,ferr,ic,ion,cupr,ic,ion,cupr,ous,ion,1 ionic compounds,polyatomic ions,polyatomic,cations,NH,4,+,ammonium,铵根,6,oxyanions,(polyatomic,anions,containing oxygen)are named with,-ite,or,-ate,for a lesser or greater quantity of oxygen.,For example,is,NO,3,is,If four oxyanions are possible,the prefixes,hypo-,and,per-,are used:,ClO,ClO,4,nitr,ite,nitr,ate,hypo,chlorite,per,chlor,ate,NO,2,-,7 The prefix,bi-,is a deprecated way of indicating the presence of a single,hydrogen,ion,Na,H,CO,3,sodium,bi,carbonate,sodium,hydrogen,carbonate,The modern method specifically,names the hydrogen atom,.,Na,H,CO,3,Polyatomic ions,:,NH,4+,ammonium 铵根,H,3,O,+,hydroxonium,or,hydronium 水合氢离子,NO,3,nitr,ate,硝酸根,NO,2,nitr,ite,亚硝酸根,ClO,hypo,chlor,ite,次氯酸根 +1(oxidation state of chlorine),ClO,2,chlor,ite,亚氯酸根 +3,ClO,3,chlor,ate,氯酸根 +5,ClO,4,per,chlor,ate,高氯酸根 +7,SO,3,2,sulf,ite,亚硫酸根,SO,4,2,sulf,ate,硫酸根,HSO,3,hydrogen,sulf,ite,(or,bi,sulf,ite,)亚硫酸氢根,HCO,3,hydrogen,carbon,ate,(or,bi,carbonate)碳酸氢根,CO,3,2,carbon,ate,碳酸根,PO,4,3,phosph,ate,磷酸根,HPO,4,2,hydrogen,phosph,ate,磷酸氢根,H,2,PO,4,di,hydrogen,phosph,ate,磷酸二氢根,CrO,4,2,chrom,ate,铬酸根,Cr,2,O,7,2,di,chrom,ate,重铬酸根重音虫,BO,3,3,bor,ate,硼酸跟,AsO,4,3,arsen,ate,砷酸根,C,2,O,4,2,oxal,ate,草酸根,CN,cyanide 氰酸根,SCN,thio,cyan,ate,硫氰酸根,O,2,2-,per,oxide 过氧化物,OH,-,hydroxide 氢氧根,MnO,4,per,mangan,ate,高锰酸根,cations,anions,Learning Check,Match each set with the correct name:,1.,Na,2,CO,3,a)magnesium sulfite,MgSO,3,b)magnesium sulfate,MgSO,4,c)sodium carbonate,2.Ca(HCO,3,),2,a)calcium carbonate,CaCO,3,b)calcium phosphate,Ca,3,(PO,4,),2,c)calcium bicarbonate,answers,Match each set with the correct name:,1.,Na,2,CO,3,a)magnesium sulfite,MgSO,3,b)magnesium sulfate,MgSO,4,c)sodium carbonate,2.Ca(HCO,3,),2,a)calcium carbonate,CaCO,3,b)calcium phosphate,Ca,3,(PO,4,),2,c)calcium bicarbonate,Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry,Naming,ionic,compounds,(containing a metal or a polyatomic,ion,),Naming,molecular compounds,(covalent),Naming,acids,Naming,hydrates,2 Molecular compounds(covalent),Inorganic molecular compounds are named with a,prefix,before each element.The,more electronegative,element is written last and with an,-ide,suffix(as if the element occurred as the anion).,di,nitrogen,tri,ox,ide,N,2,O,3,Molecular(Covalent)Nomenclaturefor two,non,metals,Prefix System,(binary compounds),1.,Less electronegative,atom comes first.,2.Add,prefixes,to indicate#of atoms.Omit,mono-,prefix on the FIRST element.,Mono-,is OPTIONAL on the SECOND element.,3.Change the ending of the second element to,-ide.,Less EN,PREFIX,mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-,NUMBER,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes,2 Molecular compounds(covalent),N,2,O,3,N and O are nonmetals,di,nitrogen,tri,ox,ide,Cl,2,O,7,Chlorine,oxygen,di,chlorine,hept,oxide,arsenic trichloride,dinitrogen pentoxide,tetraphosphorus decoxide,AsCl,3,N,2,O,5,P,4,O,10,More Molecular Examples,CCl,4,N,2,O,SF,6,carbon tetrachloride,dinitrogen monoxide,sulfur hexafluoride,Molecular Nomenclature:Examples,2 Molecular compounds(covalent)How the prefix,mono-,is used.,How the prefix mono-is used.,There is only,one compound,of hydrogen and chlorine,HCl,hydrogen chloride,NOT,monohydrogen monochloride,CO,2,carbon and oxygen,Two common compounds,CO,carbon,di,oxide,carbon,mono,xide,the prefix mono-is not generally written,2 Molecular compounds(covalent),Examples,SF,4,SF,6,ClO,2,sulfur,tetra,fluoride,sulfur,hexa,fluoride,chlorine,di,oxide,H,2,O,water,NH,3,ammonia,H,2,S,hydrogen sulfide,di,hydrogen sulfide,commonly called,Learning Check,Fill in the blanks to complete the following names of covalent compounds.,CO carbon _oxide,CO,2,carbon _,PCl,3,phosphorus _chloride,CCl,4,carbon _chloride,N,2,O_nitrogen _oxide,Learning Check,1.Cl,2,O,7,a)dichlorine heptoxide,b)dichlorine oxide,c)chlorine heptoxide,2.Cl,2,a)chlorine,b)dichlorine,c)dichloride,A flow chart for naming,binary,compounds.,仅对二元化合物做一个总结,CuCl,2,PCl,5,Cu metal,copper(II)chloride,P and Cl are non-metals,Using prefix,phosphorus pentachloride,Cu,+,Cu,2+,Mixed Review,Name the following compounds:,1.CaO,a)calcium oxideb)calcium(I)oxidec)calcium(II)oxide,2.SnCl,4,a)tin tetrachlorideb)tin(II)chloride,c)tin(IV)chloride,3.N,2,O,3,a)nitrogen oxide b)dinitrogen trioxide,c)nitrogen trioxide,Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry,Naming,ionic,compounds,(containing a metal or a polyatomic,ion,),Naming,molecular compounds,(covalent),Naming,acids,Naming,hydrates,3 Naming Acids,HCl hydrochloric acid,H,2,SO,4,sulfuric acid,Name the acid based on the name of the,anion,3 naming Acids,w/Oxygen,HCl,chlor,ide,ion,hydro,chlor,ic,acid,H,2,SO,4,sulf,ate,sulfur,ic,acid,HNO,2,nitr,ite,ion,nitr,ous,acid,Polyatomic ions,:,NH,4,+,ammonium 铵根,H,3,O,+,hydroxonium,or,hydronium 水合氢离子,NO,3,nitr,ate,硝酸根,NO,2,nitr,ite,亚硝酸根,ClO,hypo,chlor,ite,次氯酸根 +1(oxidation state of chlorine),ClO,2,chlor,ite,亚氯酸根 +3,ClO,3,chlor,ate,氯酸根 +5,ClO,4,per,chlor,ate,高氯酸根 +7,SO,3,2,sulf,ite,亚硫酸根,SO,4,2,sulf,ate,硫酸根,HSO,3,hydrogen,sulf,ite,(or,bi,sulf,ite,)亚硫酸氢根,HCO,3,hydrogen,carbon,ate,(or,bi,carbonate)碳酸氢根,CO,3,2,carbon,ate,碳酸根,PO,4,3,phosph,ate,磷酸根,HPO,4,2,hydrogen,phosph,ate,磷酸氢根,H,2,PO,4,di,hydrogen,phosph,ate,磷酸二氢根,CrO,4,2,chrom,ate,铬酸根,Cr,2,O,7,2,di,chrom,ate,重铬酸根重音虫,BO,3,3,bor,ate,硼酸跟,AsO,4,3,arsen,ate,砷酸根,C,2,O,4,2,oxal,ate,草酸根,CN,cyan,ide,氰酸根,SCN,thio,cyan,ate,硫氰酸根,O,2,2-,per,oxide 过氧化物,OH,-,hydroxide 氢氧根,MnO,4,per,mangan,ate,高锰酸根,Exercise,对应的酸,HCN,hydro,cyan,ic,acid,必须背,NO,3,nitr,ate,硝酸根 nitr,ic,acid 硝酸,NO,2,nitr,ite,亚硝酸根 nitr,ous,acid 亚硝酸,ClO,hypo,chlor,ite,次氯酸根 +1,hypo,chlor,ous,acid 次氯酸,ClO,2,chlor,ite,亚氯酸根 +3 chlor,ous,acid 亚氯酸,ClO,3,chlor,ate,氯酸根 +5 chlor,ic,acid 氯酸,ClO,4,per,chlor,ate,高氯酸根 +7 perchlor,ic,acid 高氯酸,SO,3,2,sulf,ite,亚硫酸根 sulfur,ous,acid,亚硫酸,SO,4,2,sulf,ate,硫酸根 sulfur,ic,acid,硫酸,CO,3,2,carbon,ate,碳酸根 carbon,ic,acid,碳酸,PO,4,3,phosph,ate,磷酸根 phosphor,ic,acid 磷酸,CN,cyan,ide,氰酸根,hydro,cyan,ic,acid 氢氰酸,I,-,iod,ide,碘离子,hydro,iod,ic,acid,or,hydr,iod,ic,acid 氢碘酸,-,-,-,HCl,hydrogen chloride gas,HCl(,g,),HCl(,aq,),hydrochloric,acid,Binary compound,Acid solution,HBr(g),HBr(aq),Hydrogen bromide,Hydrobromic acid,aq,ueous solution,Nomenclature of inorganic chemistry,Naming,ionic,compounds,(containing a metal or a polyatomic,ion,),Naming,molecular compounds,(covalent),Naming,acids,Naming,hydrates,4 naming hydrates,水合物,Hydrates are named from the,anhydrous,无水的,compound,followed,by,the word,hydrate,with a,prefix,to indicate the number of water molecules per formula unit of the compound.,CuSO,4,5H,2,O,copper(II)sulfate,penta,hydrate,PREFIX,mono-,di-,tri-,tetra-,penta-,hexa-,hepta-,octa-,nona-,deca-,NUMBER,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,Molecular Nomenclature Prefixes,Nomenclature summary flowchart,google,Inorganic nomenclature,