中考化学考前知识点串讲.docx

考试考前须知：
一、 做题策略，遇到难题先跳过
二、 配平、条件与符号
三、 名称与化学式不要傻傻分不清楚
四、 记得计算题的约分哦，约分同时也是一种检验
考前知识串讲
拔高篇〔涉及到的高一知识回忆〕
1. 侯氏制碱法(制的是﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏)
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2. 关于过氧化钠，联系氢氧化钠的变质问题考
过氧化钠与水反响，生成氢氧化钠与氧气
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过氧化钠与二氧化碳反响，生成碳酸钠与氧气
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3. 关于氯气的三个化学方程式〔次氯酸根具有漂白性〕
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4. 将铝参加氢氧化钠溶液中，生成偏铝酸钠与一种可燃性的气体
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5. 氢氧化亚铁与水、氧气反响生成氢氧化铁
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6. 工业上纯碱制烧碱〔推断题用〕
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7. 铵根与氢氧根共存吗？为什么？
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写出氯化铵与熟石灰加热条件下生成氨气的化学方程式
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氨气的性质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
8. 关于肥料的鉴别〔碳酸氢铵、氯化铵、尿素失去标签，进展鉴别〕
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根底篇〔复习根底〕
9. 四位化学家
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10. 四种有机物，有机物燃烧系列方程式的配平
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11. 高炉炼铁〔原料石灰石、铁矿石、焦炭〕
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12. 实验室制氧气、氢气、二氧化碳、氨气
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13. 石灰水、石灰乳、石灰浆﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏生石灰﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、熟石灰﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、石灰石与大理石的主要成分﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、火碱烧碱苛性钠﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、苏打﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、小苏打﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏、铁锈的主要成分﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
14. 盐酸或者硫酸除铁锈〔生锈的铁钉〕，长时间浸泡
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15. 五种黑色固体
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16. 红色固体与紫红色固体是﹏﹏﹏﹏蓝色沉淀是﹏﹏﹏﹏ 红褐色沉淀是 ﹏﹏﹏﹏
17. 电解水的考前须知〔八个字﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，质量比﹏﹏﹏，体积比﹏﹏﹏〕
在水中参加酸碱盐的目的是﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
区分硬水与软水用﹏﹏﹏，硬水转化为软水方法﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
溶解放热的物质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏溶解吸热的物质﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
18. 优先原那么
金属题目的优先原那么〔置换反响〕
溶液题目的优先原那么〔复分解反响〕﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
溶液质量增大减小问题﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
19. 人体必需微量元素﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺铁得﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺碘﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺钙﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，缺维生素D﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
天然有机高分子材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏，合成有机高分子材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
金属材料﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
20. 周期与族的判断
21. 空气污染物
22. 地壳中排名前三的元素及形成化合物﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
23. 多孔隔板的装置﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
长颈漏斗发生装置检查装置气密性的方法﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
蒸发结晶过程中玻璃棒的作用﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
燃烧最常考的条件﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
制氧气有棉花的时候﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏﹏
24. 关于燃烧的实验现象
25. 必考大题
粗盐提纯与氢氧化钠变质
金属题目、溶解度题目〔从定义出发〕、实验发生及收集
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