高考英语大二轮总复习专题六书面表达练习.doc

专题六 书面表达
《普通高中英语课程标准》对语言技能目标(八级)“写作”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。
2013—2015高考(新课标)全国卷书面表达出题形式、体裁和话题等一览表
年份
写作类型
出题形式
体裁
话题
词数要求
2015
Ⅰ
提纲式文字信息类
半开放
文字提示
书信
美国的节日风俗和中学生生活
100左右
Ⅱ
提纲式文字信息类
半开放
文字提示
电子邮件
去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节
2014
Ⅰ
图表类
半开放
广告图表
书信
询问暑期去英国学习英语情况
100左右
Ⅱ
提纲式文字信息类
半开放
文字提示
记叙文
想象“十年后的我”
2013
Ⅰ
提纲式文字信息类
半开放
文字提示
书信
询问是否可以接机
100左右
Ⅱ
请朋友网上代卖中国结
通过对近三年高考新课标全国卷英语书面表达的分析发现，考查内容在从传统的单纯知识型向现代创新能力型转变，写作文体以应用文为主(多以书信和电子邮件的形式出现)，半开放类占主流。这充分体现了现代高考旨在考查考生能否在体验现代生活发展节奏、把握时代脉搏的同时，将所学知识及具体实践结合起来并灵活运用的能力。考查特点归纳如下：
1．写作体裁及知识的实际运用密切结合
近三年的新课标全国卷绝大部分为书信或电子邮件。这一应用文体，在日常生活中使用较多，考生十分熟悉。写作话题贴近实际生活，突出了对考生处理现实生活实际问题的能力的考查。如：2015年新课标全国卷Ⅰ——就美国的节日风俗和中学生生活约稿(贴近生活)。
2．突出考查考生的想象力和创新能力
近三年的书面表达的写作内容都是来自于生活的真实情景。需要考生根据自身的生活阅历展开合理想象，创设合情合理的语境。如：2015年新课标全国卷(Ⅱ)——以“去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节”为话题写作，及考生自身生活联系密切。
3．半开放式已成主流
近几年来，新课标全国卷书面表达全部为半开放式写作。这种考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“内容要点”的限制，可以适当发挥。但这同时也对考生的写作能力提出了更高的要求。
4．从高考书面表达的发展趋势看，2016年的高考在体裁和题材上应该保持相对稳定，写作类型及提示形式也不会有太大的变化。从2015年新课标全国卷(Ⅰ)以及部分省份的考情来看，考查考生的创新意识、思维拓展能力和文化素养的试题比重会有所增加。
一、13类常见失分点
1．主谓不一致
(1)Three years have passed before we knew it.[误]
Three years has passed before we knew it.[正]
(2)Every man and every woman like surfing the Internet here.[误]
Every man and every woman likes surfing the Internet here.[正]
(3)Many a student have chatted online.[误]
Many a student has chatted online.[正]
2．时态不一致
(1)They talked and talked and soon the bus comes.[误]
They talked and talked and soon the bus came.[正]
(2)He said that he will come to see me soon.[误]
He said that he would come to see me soon.[正]
(3)If you had come earlier，you would see the actress yesterday.[误]
If you had come earlier，you would have seen the actress yesterday.[正]
3．词类误用
(1)She seated herself in the sofa and went sleep.[误]
She seated herself in the sofa and went asleep.[正]
(2)After the work，we went home，tiredly and hungry.[误]
After the work，we went home，tired and hungry.[正]
(3)Her kind and generosity made me feel at home.[误]
Her kindness and generosity made me feel at home.[正]
4．逻辑不一致
(1)I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，but some culture centers.[误]
I’m eager to show you around some places of interest，or some culture centers.[正]
(2)He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，and she refused to take it and went away.[误]
He went to her and gave her the present he had bought，but she refused to take it and went away.[正]
(3)Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red and pale.[误]
Next time you look at a person，see if his or her face is red or pale.[正]
5．代词替代不一致
(1)There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I don’t know what to buy.[误]
There are so many flowers in the flowershop that I don’t know which to buy.[正]
(2)It is us that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[误]
It is we that are to blame for the result because we are too careless.[正]
(3)She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed it to me.[误]
She took many photos during her stay in Beijing and showed them to me.[正]
6．介词多余
(1)Work hard，and you will make it at some time.[误]
Work hard，and you will make it some time.[正]
(2)At the first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[误]
The first time she came to see me，I was doing some reading.[正]
(3)Considering about everything，the plan is quite practical.[误]
Considering everything，the plan is quite practical.[正]
7．连词多余
(1)She sent me an email，asking whether how I was getting along with my classmates.[误]
She sent me an email，asking how I was getting along with my classmates.[正]
(2)If one more minute，and we can do it easily.[误]
One more minute，and we can do it easily.[正]
(3)Because you gave us timely help，so we finished it on time.[误]
Because you gave us timely help，we finished it on time.[正]
8．冠词多余
(1)As we know，the Sunday is the first day of a week.[误]
As we know，Sunday is the first day of a week.[正]
(2)I prefer this kind of a fruit.[误]
I prefer this kind of fruit.[正]
(3)Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in the public places.[误]
Our teacher usually tells us to behave well in public places.[正]
9．句子成分短缺
(1)We all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[误]
We are all strongly against the suggestion put forward at the meeting.[正]
(2)What known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[误]
What is known to all is that cars have become a popular means of transport.[正]
(3)What puzzles you actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[误]
What puzzles you is actually a puzzle for many parents in China.[正]
10．及物及不及物动词误用
(1)All flights this morning have put off because of the thick fog.[误]
All flights this morning have been put off because of the thick fog.[正]
(2)The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish for it.[误]
The teacher caught me cheating in the exam，but he didn’t punish me for it.[正]
(3)It is known that everything depends the sunlight for growth.[误]
It is known that everything depends on the sunlight for growth.[正]
11．非谓语动词误用
(1)He admitted to make a mistake.[误]
He admitted making a mistake.[正]
(2)She objects to be treated like a child.[误]
She objects to being treated like a child.[正]
(3)I regret saying that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[误]
I regret to say that I can’t help you for I have many things to do.[正]
(4)The desk needs to repair.[误]
The desk needs repairing./The desk needs to be repaired.[正]
(5)My parents expect me to study science and becoming a scientist.[误]
My parents expect me to study science and become a scientist.[正]
(6)They were made work hard all day long.[误]
They were made to work hard all day long.[正]
(7)I find it easy to be done.[误]
I find it easy to do.[正]
(8)Comparing with you，I still have a long way to go.[误]
Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.[正]
(9)Everything taking into consideration，it is a good plan.[误]
Everything taken into consideration，it is a good plan.[正]
12．搭配错误
(1)As time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[误]
With time going by，more and more people prefer a healthy diet.[正]
(2)The bridge is in construction.[误]
The bridge is under construction.[正]
(3)So far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[误]
As far as I am concerned，riding bicycles is a good solution.[正]
(4)The thief ran to the direction of the hill.[误]
The thief ran in the direction of the hill.[正]
(5)It is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[误]
There is no doubt that drinking too much is harmful to health.[正]
(6)It wasn’t long when we got to the cinema.[误]
It wasn’t long before we got to the cinema.[正]
13．汉语式表达
(1)This is my first time visit to Beijing.[误]
This is my first visit to Beijing.[正]
(2)I like Taiji and it is my most favorite sport.[误]
I like Taiji and it is my favorite sport.[正]
(3)Our school is two miles far away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[误]
Our school is two miles away from here，so you’d better take a taxi.[正]
(4)After he returned back，he began to work at once.[误]
After he returned，he began to work at once.[正]
(5)Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one better.[误]
Of the two objects，I prefer the blue one.[正]
二、高分技巧
　　1．恰当使用连词、连接副词等连接句子，可使文章逻辑性强，结构紧凑，层次清晰，意义贯通。
Last Sunday，when my parents went out shopping，I suddenly got an idea: why not give the rooms a thorough cleaning？Firstly I collected all the books，newspapers and other things scattered in the rooms and put them in place.Then I wiped the dust off all the furniture.After that，I swept and mopped the floors.(2013·陕西)
2．恰当选用“贴切、地道的高级词汇”。
从书面表达的评分标准可知，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。通过构词法变化来的新词、使用同(近)义词或反义词来代替常见的词语是选用恰当词汇的有效途径。如下表所列近义词，用高级词汇代替普通词汇，会取得比较好的效果。
普通词汇
高级词汇
普通词汇
高级词汇
think of
come up with，occur to，have an idea
explain
account for
thank
appreciate
most
the majority of
should
be supposed to
look after
attend to
be＋adj.
be of＋n.
least
the minority of
like
be crazy about，be absorbed in，be addicted to
as long as
on condition that
different
various，a variety of
tired
be worn out
busy
be engaged in
during
in the course of
tell
inform sb.of，inform sb.that
sometimes
occasionally，once in a while
3.适当使用含有“较为丰富的语法结构”的高级句式。
感叹句、独立主格结构、特殊句式、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、非谓语动词等都属于较复杂的“语法结构”。这些结构的正确、交替使用，可以使文章的语言充满层次感，从而较好地反映作者的语言运用能力。此外，正确使用一些谚语也能给文章增色不少。
(1)感叹句
①What a meaningful day it was！(2015·北京，书面表达二)
这是多么有意义的一天啊！
②How happy I will be！How I wish I could be younger than now！(2015·重庆，写作一)
我太开心了！我多么希望能够比现在年轻一点！
(2)独立主格结构
In the picture，a boy is fully absorbed in a book made of bamboo，with several more scrolls lying on one end of his desk.(2015·福建)
图画中，一个男孩在全神贯注地读一本由竹子做成的书，桌子的一边放着很多卷书。
(3)特殊句式
①Can you tell us when and where？(2015·安徽)
你能告诉我们什么时间以及在哪里吗？
②It shows that it is hard work and determination rather than outer conditions that play a vital role in shaping a great mind.(2015·福建)
这表明成为一个伟大人物的决定因素是艰苦的工作及毅力而不是外部条件。
③It is the people who obey the rules that matter.(2015·江苏)
重要的是遵守这些规则的人们。
④Not only do they offer you joy and excitement，but also they encourage you to think critically.(2015·天津)
它们不仅可以让你们开心和兴奋，而且还激励你们进行批判性思考。
(4)名词性从句
①I wonder if you’d like to go with me.(2015·北京，书面表达一)
我想知道你是否愿意和我一起去。
②With the development of medical technology，we can detect whether people have major illnesses and predict whether people have a preference for food by using saliva sample，and remind people to take appropriate exercise.(2015·广东，基础写作)
随着医疗技术的发展，我们能诊断人们是否得了什么重要疾病并能通过唾液样本预测人们对食物的偏好，同时提醒人们进行适当的锻炼。
③It is just what I want.(2015·四川)
这正是我想要的。
④I would appreciate it if you could give me more information.(2015·重庆，写作二)
如果你能提供更多的信息我将不胜感激。
(5)定语从句
①If they often cheat in the exams，they will form a bad habit，which will have a bad effect on their life.(2015·广东，读写任务)
如果他们在考试中经常作弊，他们就会养成一个坏习惯，这将会对他们的生活产生坏的影响。
②From this experience I have learned that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps us to seek the truth.(2015·湖北)
这次经历使我明白了质疑是帮助我们探寻真理的桥梁。
③My teacher may think I am excellent and that I can do well in my study，which can make me more confident.(2015·湖南)
我的老师可能认为我优秀并能学好习，这样能使我更加自信。
④Last but not least，everyone will be happy if praised，which is the common positive emotion that everybody likes to share.(2015·湖南)
最后但同样重要的一点，被表扬大家都会开心，这是人人都愿意分享的最常见的正能量。
⑤The Double Ninth Festival，which is the day set aside for the elderly in our culture，is drawing near.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
重阳节即将到来，它是在我们的文化里专门为老年人设置的节日。
⑥Besides，I often teach my English teacher who comes from America Mandarin in my spare time.(2015·四川)
另外，在我的业余时间里我经常教我的英语老师普通话，他来自美国。
⑦Our school will donate 5,000 copies of different valuable books to your class，which include popular science books，classic works and so on.(2015·天津)
我们学校将向你们班级捐献5 000册有价值的不同书籍，包括科普书、经典著作等。
⑧This is the reason why I want to interview her，not only because of her fame，but also because of her kindness and honest.(2015·安徽)
这是我想采访她的理由，不仅仅是因为她的名声，还是因为她的友善和诚实。
(6)状语从句
①If you are interested in it，let me know and I’ll send you more information.(2015·北京，书面表达一)
如果你感兴趣，告诉我，我会为你提供更多的信息。
②If you’d like to join us，please let us know and we’ll wait for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
如果你想加入我们，请告诉我们，我们将于上午9点在学校大门口等你。
③If you want to speak Mandarin well.First，you should read more and watch more Chinese TV programmes.(2015·四川)
如果你想说好普通话，首先，你应该多读、多看中文电视节目。
④If you have more needs，please let me know as soon as possible.(2015·天津)
如果你有更多的需求，请尽快告诉我。
⑤In a word，you can write anything relevant so long as it’s interesting and informative.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
总之，你可以写任何相关的内容，只要有趣味并能增长见识。
⑥I hope you would be so kind as to send it to us before June 28th，so that it can be published in time.(2015·全国Ⅰ)
我希望你能发善心在6月28日以前给我们寄过来，以便能够按时出版。
⑦When I have a different opinion，I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.(2015·浙江)
当我有不同意见时，我会选择放弃自己的意见并尊重大多数人的意见。
⑧Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would love to go to a museum.(2015·浙江)
一旦让我们决定是在公园野餐还是去博物馆，我愿意去博物馆。
⑨If I learn English well，I can do what I love to.(2015·重庆，写作一)
如果我学好英语，我能做我喜欢做的事。
⑩I have a preference for wild release，because it is very convenient for the other persons who want to read books.(2015·重庆，写作二)
我喜欢自由分享，因为这样对于那些想读书的其他人来说很方便。
(7)非谓语动词
①So careful were we that we quickly mastered the way of doing it，starting to make our own “artwork” using a piece of dough.(2015·北京，书面表达二)
我们很细心，于是我们很快掌握了做这件事的方法，开始用面团制作我们自己的艺术品。
②From this experience，I learned that it is our responsibility as well as our joy to protect the tradition.(2015·北京，书面表达二)
从这次体验我感受到，保护传统的东西不仅是责任更是一种乐趣。
③The story tells us of a famous scholar named Kuang Heng from Western Han Dynasty.(2015·福建)
这个故事给我们讲述的是西汉时期的著名学者匡衡。
④It’s a waste of time playing games and it will have a bad effect on their study.(2015·广东，读写任务)
玩游戏是一种时间的浪费，同时对他们的学习也有坏的影响。
⑤As a student，I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by my teacher before my classmates.(2015·湖南)
作为一名学生，我可以告诉你没有什么比在同学们面前受到老师的表扬更好的事情了。
⑥What’s worse，some drivers，cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules.(2015·江苏)
更糟糕的是，一些机动车司机、骑自行车的人以及行人并不认为遵守交通规则很重要。
⑦It is everybody’s duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track.(2015·江苏)
维护社会秩序，在正确的路线上行驶是每个人应尽的义务。
⑧We’ll also spend some fun time together singing，dancing and playing games，which we hope will make them happy.(2015·全国Ⅱ)
我们还将一起度过一段快乐时光，一起唱、跳、玩游戏，我们希望这会使他们开心。
⑨I am writing to apply for the volunteer position stated in your notice.(2015·陕西)
我正在写信申请你们通知里陈述到的志愿者职位。
(8)谚语
①As the old saying goes，“An inch of time is worth an inch of gold”．(2015·广东，读写任务)
俗话说，一寸光阴一寸金。
②Every coin has its two sides.(2015·湖南)
事物是一分为二的。
4．此外还要注意以下几个方面：
(1)要有高分句意识。高分句可以用复合句、特殊句式(尤其是使用倒装句、强调句等)，还可以使用谚语。高分句最好放在每一段的首句，这样给人耳目一新的感觉。还可以放在文章的结尾，给人以厚重的感觉。
(2)要有段落意识。这样使作文层次分明，条理清晰。每一段的段首或段尾有一个高分句，能为文章增色不少。
(3)要书写优美。一篇优秀的作文犹如一件艺术品，书写清楚，字母大小写匀称，单词间距适当，给人以美的享受，这样的作文怎么能不得高分呢！
一、6种常用写作模板
(一)观点对比类写作
1．一般情况下先陈述两个对立的观点，最后给出自己的看法。
(1)有人认为……
(2)而有的人则认为……
(3)在我看来……
The theme of ① (主题) is becoming increasingly popular nowadays.There are two opposite opinions about it.Some people say they are in favor of A．Their view is that ② (支持A的理由一)．What is more，③ (理由二)．Moreover，④ (理由三)．
While some others prefer B．The reasons are as follows.First (To begin with)，⑤ (支持B的理由一)．Second (Besides)，⑥ (理由二)．Lastly (Finally)，⑦ (理由三)．
Personally，I think ⑧ (我的观点)．The reason is that ⑨ (原因)．Actually，reasons are various.For me，the former is surely a wise choice.
2．有时候先给出一个观点，然后要求考生反驳这一观点。
Some people hold the belief that ① (观点一)．For example，they think② (理由陈述)．And ③ (为他们带来的好处)．
Based on my own opinion，I never think this reason can be the poi