必修四Unit4BodyLanguagegrammar公开课获奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,Unit 4 Body Language,Grammar V-ing form as,Attribute and Adverbial,目前分词做定语和状语,第1页,目前分词（Present Participle，又称-ing形式、目前进行式)，由动词原形+ing形式构成。具有双重性，一面具有动词特性，可以有自己宾语和状语；另一面具有形容词和副词特性，可以充当表语，定语，状语，补足语，可以表达积极或正在进行动作，是非谓语动词一种。,第2页,The music is,exciting,.,China is a,developing,country.,The teacher came in,smiling,.,We heard her,singing in her room,.,V-ing做表语,V-ing做定语,V-ing做状语,V-ing做宾语补足语,第3页,V-ing形式做定语,目前分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相称于一种定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同步发生，与其修饰词之间是积极关系，也就是说目前分词动作就是它修饰那个词动作。,第4页,1目前分词作定语时位置,(1)单个目前分词作定语时多置于它所修饰名词之前；分词短语用于它所修饰词背面。例如：,He is a(n)player.,他是一种 运动员。,They lived a room thirty years ago.,三十年前，他住在一种 房间里。,袭击型,朝北,attacking,facing the north,第5页,(2)如目前分词修饰由some/any/no+thing/body/one所形成不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词背面。例如：,Anyone will be punished.,任何人都将受到惩罚。,swimming,正在游泳,第6页,目前分词表进行意味和积极意味，因此，用目前分词作定语时，其表达动作是与谓语动词同步发生,或是正在发生动作。例如：,The man running over there is our chairman.,=The man who is running over there is our chairman.,正在朝那边跑那个人是我们主席。,2.目前分词作定语时与谓语动词时间关系,第7页,3、假如一种及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用目前分词被动语态。,例如：,The meeting being held is very important.,正召开会议很重要。,The skyscraper being built is higher than that built the last year.,正在建那幢摩天大楼比去年建那幢还高。,being done,第8页,V-ing 形式做状语,1.做时间状语,2.做原因状语,3.做条件状语,4.做让步状语,5.表达方式或伴随状况,6.做成果状语,7.评论性状语,第9页,1.做时间状语,V-ing形式做时间状语，相称于一种时间状语从句，几乎每个V-ing短语作时间状语时，都可以转变为一种时间状语从句。,第10页,Climbing to the top of the hill,we saw a beautiful view.,=,When,we,climbed,the top of the hill,we saw a beautiful view.,爬上山顶后我看到了一幅漂亮景象。,Hearing the news,she burst into tears.,=,When she,heard,the news,she burst,into tears.,第11页,2.做原因状语,V-ing做原因状语，相称于一种原因状语从句，同步可以转化为一种原因状语从句。,Not knowing her address,I might,as well as telephone her to e over.,=Because/Since I didnt know her address,I might as well as telephone her to e over.,由于不懂得她地址，我只好打 让她过来。,第12页,3.作条件状语,V-ing短语有时候表达一种假设状况，相称于一种条件从句。有时在V-ing短语前加上 if 或 unless，使条件更明确。,Working hard at your lessons,you are to succeed.,=If you work hard at your lessons,you are to succeed.,第13页,4.做让步状语,V-ing做让步状语时，相称于一种让步状语从句，有时V-ing可带有连词 although,whether,even if,even though。,Knowing all this,I still want to see it for myself.,=Although I know all this,I still want to see it for myself.,第14页,5.表达方式或伴随状况,V-ing 短语表达方式或者伴随状况是比较常用，用来阐明动作发生背景或状况。一般状况下，V-ing 所示动作和谓语动词所示动作同步发生。它没有对应状语从句可替代，但可以用并列句来转换。,Mary lay on the grass,staring at the sky.,=Mary lay on the grass and stared at the sky.,玛丽躺在草地上，望着天空。,第15页,6.做成果状语,V-ing 短语作成果状语时，不常用，一般放在句末，中间有逗号，有时为了突出成果，V-ing 前带有thus.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan.,他父母死了，他成了孤儿。,第16页,7.评论性状语,有些常用V-ing 短语在句中中可以没有逻辑上主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子独立成分来修饰全句，表面说话者态度观点等。我们称这种状语为评论性状语或评注性状语。,第17页,generally speaking 一般来说,strictly speaking 严格来说,roughly speaking 大体来说,broadly speaking 广义上来说,narrowly speaking 狭义上来说,judging from/by 由.判断,considering 考虑到,frankly speaking 坦率地说,personally speaking 就个人而言,supposing 假如,第18页,Generally speaking,girls are more interested in literature than boys.,一般来说，女孩比男孩更喜欢文学。,Judging from her accent,she must from Arabian countries.,听她口音，她必然来自阿拉伯国家。,第19页,1目前分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系,（1）目前分词表达动作和谓语动词表达动作同步发生或几乎同步发生，分词用一般形式V-ing。例如：,He ran up to her breathing heavily.,他气喘吁吁跑到她面前。,第20页,(2)当V-ing所示动作先发生，而谓语动词动作后发生时，用V-ing完毕时。,Having already seen the film twice,she didnt want to go to the cinema.,这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了。,第21页,2、目前分词作状语时，目前分词动作就是句子主语动作。因此，句子主语与目前分词之间是积极关系。,I,run out of the house,shouting,.,我喊叫着跑出屋来。,第22页,3、有些目前分词作状语时，其前可用after,before,since,when,while,whenever,once,until,on,as等词。,After talking to you,I always fell better.,和你谈过话后我总感觉好某些。,第23页,4.目前分词否认式是在目前分词前面加not。,Not recognizing the voice,he refused to give the person his address.,由于没听出这个人声音，他没把自己地址给他。,第24页,巧学助记：,分词作状语，主语是问题,逗号前后两动作，共用一主语,主语找出后，再来判关系,积极用ing,被动用ed,Havingdone表先后，千万要牢记,第25页,目前分词与过去分词辨别,两者之间辨别重要体现在时态和语态上：,（1）在时态上：目前分词表达正在进行，而过去分词表达已经完毕。例如：,（2）在语态上：目前分词表达积极；而过去分词表达被动。,总之，目前分词表积极、进行；,过去分词表被动、完毕。,在句法功能上它们都可以作定语和状语，它们详细辨别如下：,China is a,developing,country,while,America is a,developed,one.,第26页,1、作定语时,取决于分词与被修饰词关系：,积极关系或主谓关系用 doing,被动关系或动宾关系用 done,The meeting,held last week,is very important.,2.,Tell,the children,playing there,not to make so much noise.,3.,They lived in,a room,facing,the south,.,4.,I hate to see,letters,written,in pencil,.,被动关系,被动关系,积极关系,积极关系,第27页,练习,1.Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.,to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing,2.For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _ on his own farm.,grown B.being grown C.to be grown D.to grow,3.There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.,A.indicate B.indicating,C.to indicateD.to be indicating,4.With the governments aid,those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.,A.affect B.affecting C.affected D.were affected,第28页,2.作状语时,1）.分词选用：取决于分词与句子主语关系：,积极关系，用 doing,被动关系，用 done 例如：,Seen from the moon,the earth looks like a blue ball.,Seeing nobody at home,he left.,被动关系,积极关系,第29页,练习：,1.It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces.,caused B.having caused,C.causing D.to cause,2 _the city center,we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.,Approaching B.Approached,C.To approach D.To be approached,3._at my classmates faces,I read the same excitement in their eyes.,A.Looking B.Look C.To look D.Looked,第30页,4.,(山东卷)Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.A.have reached B.reaching,C.to reach D.to be reaching,5.,(浙江卷)_ by a greater demand of vegetables,farmers have built more green houses.,A.Driven B.Being driven,C.To drive D.Having driven,第31页,Grammar work 语法专练,用所给动词合适形式填空。,1.Not _(know)his address,I couldnt go to see him yesterday.,2.Look out for cars when _(cross)the street.,3.Not _(invite)to the party,Mary was greatly hurt.,knowing,crossing,having been invited,第32页,4.He dived into the water,_(leave)only his face exposed.,5.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door,_(read),“Sorry to miss you;I will call later.”,6._(take)a deep breath,they dived into the water.,7._(close)the windows and the door,the students left the room.,leaving,reading,Taking,Having closed,第33页,Grammar quiz 语法小测,1.When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the,differences without noticing many similarities.,A.pared B.being pared C.paring D.having pared,C,第34页,2.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class,he would answer carelessly,always,_ the same thing.,A.saying B.said C.to say D.having said,A,第35页,3.There are hundreds of visitors,_ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings.,A.waited B.to wait C.waiting D.wait,C,第36页,4.,_,the more expensive the camera,the better its quality.,A.General speaking B.Speaking general,C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally,C,第37页,5.“You cant catch me!”Janet shouted,_ away.,A.run B.running C.to run D.ran,B,第38页,1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.,2.The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay.,3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.,4.Generally speak,facial expressions are helpful munications,too.,Not having,working,Seeing,speaking,单句改错,第39页,5.“Cant you read?”the man said,angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.,6.Knocking at the door before entering,please.,7.European football is played in 80 countries,made it the most popular sport in the world.,pointing,Knock,making,第40页,1-5AABDA 6-10 ADCDA,11-15 CCACB 16-20BBACC,21-22CC,启悟案,第41页,