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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,一般现在时,肯定句:,I make some mistakes.,否定句:,I dont make any mistakes.,一般疑问句:,Do you make any mistakes?,特殊疑问句:,What do you make?,一般现在时,1,)一般现在时表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。,He has an uncle.,他有个叔叔。,这些动词可与,often,usually,always,sometimes,every day,once a week,on Sundays,never,等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。,一般现在时,2,)一般现在时表示客观现实或普遍真理。,Japan lies to the east of China.,日本在中国的东边。,The sun rises in the east.,太阳从东方升起。,3,)少数动词如,go,come,leave,arrive,begin,start,be,等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排预计要发生的事情。,The plane takes off at six past five.,飞机将于六点零五分起飞。,Tomorrow is Sunday.,明天是星期天。,一般现在时,4,)在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,Ill let you know as soon as I hear from him.,我一接到他的信就告诉你。,5,)在某些以,here,there,开头的句子中用一般现在时表示现在发生的动作。,Here comes the bus.,汽车来了。,There goes the bell.,铃响了。,一般现在时,6,)在进行体育比赛过程中解说员叙述迅速、短暂动作时,可用一般现在时表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作。例如:,Bater passes the ball to Yao Ming.Yao shoots,?,A fine shot!,巴特尔把球传给姚明,姚明投篮,好球!,7,)在戏剧、电影等的剧本或图片的说明文字中,可用一般现在时表示动作。例如:,When the curtain rises,Juliet is sitting at her desk.The phone rings.She picks it up and listens quietly.,幕启,朱丽叶坐在桌旁。电话铃响,她拿起听筒,静静地听着。,现在进行时,构成:由助动词,be,现在分词构成。其中,be,有人称和数的变化,有三种形式:第一人称单数用,am,第三人称单数用,is,其他用,are,。,否定式:直接在助动词,be,后面加上,not,;,疑问式:把助动词,be,提到主语之前。,现在进行时,1,)现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行着的动作。例如:,I am writing a letter.,我正在写信。,They are learning English.,他们正在学习英语。,Is it raining now?,现在下雨吗?,有时表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作。例如:,More and more people are paying attention to their health.,越来越多的人在关注健康。,现在进行时,2,)有些动词,如,come,go,leave,return,arrive,begin,start,等,它们的现在进行时可表示不远的将来要发生的事情。例如:,Flight 1095 is landing soon.,第,1095,号航班马上要着陆了。,3,)现在进行时常与,always,continually,constantly,等副词连用,表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作。这种用法常表示说话人的某种感情,如赞扬、遗憾、讨厌或不满等。例如:,He is always asking questions.,他老爱提问题。,现在进行时,4,)在一定的上下文中,后一句的动词谓语用现在进行时与前一句的一般现在时相配合,可用以体现原因、结果、目的等意味。即前一句用一般现在时动词谓语表述现在发生的事实,而后一句用现在进行时动词谓语来阐明这一事实的原因、结果、目的等。例如:,He frowns.He is worrying about his boy.,他皱着眉头,因为他在为他的孩子担心。,一般过去时,构成:一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词,do,的过去式,did,同时注意实义动词要用原形。,一般过去时,一般过去时动词主要表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内发生的动作或情况,其中包括习惯性动作,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。,The train arrived ten minutes ago.,火车十分钟前就到了。,注意:在动词用一般过去时的句子里通常有时间状语,表明动作发生的时间。如该句中没有时间状语,那么上下文中一定有表明过去的时间状语或可以体现“动作或情况发生在过去”这一概念。,一般过去时,时间状语:,已知的明确的过去的时间,in 1985,标志词:,ago,yesterday,last month/week/year,the day before yesterday,just now,this morning,when I came in the room,等,现在完成时,构成:现在完成时由助动词,have+,过去分词构成,助动词,have,有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用,has,,其余用,have.,现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上,not,、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。,1,),现在完成时,通常表示在,说话之前已经完成的动作,或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的,结果或影响,。,My daughter has just gone out.,我女儿刚出去。,Im sure weve met before.,我肯定我们以前见过面。,2,)表示持续到现在的动作或状态,往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用,如,recently,already,just,lately,for,since,yet,等。,I havent heard from her these days.,这些日子我没有收到她的信。,We havent seen you recently.,最近我们没有见到你。,现在完成时的五个同义句,1,、,S+,延续性,V+,其他,+for+,一段时间,2,、,S+,延续性,V+,其他,+since+,一段时间,+ago,3,、,S+,瞬间性,V+,其他,+,一段时间,+ago,4,、,it is/has been+,一段时间,+since+S+,瞬间性,V(,一般过去时,),5,、一段时间,+has passed since+S+,瞬间性,V(,一般过去时,),since,和,for,的区别,since,后接时间点,如,1993,,,last term,yesterday,the time I got there,for,后接一段时间,表示“长达多久”,如,ten years,a while,two days,等。,表示短暂意义的动词如,arrive,leave,borrow,buy,begin,start,die,等,在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此,不能说:,He has come here for 2 weeks.,He has been here for 2 weeks.,The old man has died for 4 months.,The old man has _ _ for 4 months.,They have left only for 5 minutes.,They have _ _ only for 5 minutes.,瞬间性,V,:表示动作不能延续,即动作发生产生某种结果后立即结束,在有了某种结果之后,就不能继续下去了,延续性,V:,表示,V,是一种延续的动作,这种动作可以产生持久的影响,之后常与,for+,一段时间 或,since+,点时间,/,句子,瞬间性,V,和现在完成时态的肯定式不能和,for+,一段时间,since+,点时间连用。但是,现在完成时态的否定式可以和,for+,一段时间,since+,点时间连用。,Not+,瞬间性,V+until,延续性,V+,其他,+until+,句子,/,时间点,How long+,一般疑问句,句子中的,V,必须是延续性,V,瞬间,V,所对应的延续性,V,die =be dead,turn on/off =be on/off,come/arrive =be here,go =be there,buy =have,borrow =keep,start/begin =be on,catch a cold =have a cold,fall in love with=be in love with,fall asleep =be asleep,get to know =know,finish/end =be over,get out =be out,leave =be away from,go to bed =sleep,begin/start to study/learn=be on study/learn,come to work =work,join =be in/be a memer of,put on =wear,go to school =be at/in school,make friends with sb=be friends with sb,fall in=be ill,get up=be up,人,close sth=,物,+be cosed,人,open sth =,物,+be open,marry sb=be married,have/has been to,主语,曾经去过某地,,,现在已不在此地已经回来,,此句型为,瞬间性,V,,之后可以和,before,及,次数,连用,have/has gone to,主语不在此地,,主语,已去某地,或在去某地的途中,,此句型为,瞬间性,V,have/has been in/at,主语,曾经在某地待过多久,,,现在已经回来,,对某地有一定了解,此句型为,延续性,V,Where has he been?,他刚才到哪里去了?(已经回来了),Where has he gone?,他上哪儿去了?(人不在),They have been to Canada.,他们到过加拿大。(现在已经不在加拿大),They have gone to Canada.,他们到加拿大去了。(可能在路上和已经到加拿大),.,时间状语(大多为不确切的或模糊的时间状语),already,(已经,只用于现在完成时的肯定句。位置为行前助后,有时也可放句尾,若是在疑问句和否定句中,改用,yet,放句尾),just,ever,(曾经,用于肯定句,疑问句,否定句中改用,never,,放句尾),never,,,before,,,recently=these days=in recent,(放句尾),so far=up to now,,,in the past+,数字,+years/months/weeks,since+,时间点,/,时间段,+ago/+,句子(句子中的情态动词为过去时),sometimes,always,often,lately,once,twice,three times,等连用。,一翻译下列句子:,1.Have you ever had/eaten fish and chips?,2.I have just lost my chemistry book.,3.I have never been to the farm before.,4.He has already had lunch =He has had lunch already.,5.Have you seen the movie yet?,6.My brother hasnt come/get/been back yet =My brother hasnt returned yet.,7.I have had this dictionary for three years/since three years ago.,8.Has been away from China for three years.,9.I have known them for five years.,10.They have been in the USA for five years.,11.He has been here since he moved to Jining.,12.My sister has been a college student for three years=My sister has been in college for three years.,13.They have known each other since 1999.,14.I have been in this school for over three years.,
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