考研英语热门词汇集锦.doc

考研作文词汇部分
考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇(纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保等问题)。
一、图表作文常用词汇：
表格图table ；
图表chart; diagram graph column
描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent
数字figure;
数据statistic;
百分比percentage;
比例proportion
上升：increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up
下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down
平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to
波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down
占: occupy take up account for gain
而: while however whereas on the other hand actually/in fact
相比: by contract on the contrary likewise compared with
最高点: the highest the top the summit the peak the most
最低点: bottom less least rock bottom
平均: mean average
趋势: tendancy trend inclination
预见: prediction
达到顶峰: mount to
由…组成：consist of/be made up of /be composed of
占44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent
位居第一：rank the first
仅次于is second to
居第二位：in second spot
倒数第一is the last one
第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section
与..相比：compared with
A与B成比例A be in proportion to B
差不多：About/around/roughly
多达as many as
正好：Exactly/precisely
水平：level off
二、图画作文常用词汇：
(1)常见热点词汇：
1.素质教育：Quality Education
2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient
3.保险业： the insurance industry
4.保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas
5.补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears
6.不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan
7.层层转包和违法分包： mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
8.城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas
9.城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents
10.城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers
11.出口信贷： export credit
12.贷款质量： loan quality
13.贷款质量五级分类办法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans
14.防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks
15.防洪工程： flood-prevention project
16.非法外汇交易： illegal foreign exchange transaction
17.非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels
18.非银行金融机构： non-bank financial institutions
19.费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes
20.跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing
21.工程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects
22.国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets
23.过度开垦： excess reclamation
24.合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects
25.积极的财政政策： pro-active fiscal policy
26.基本生活费： basic allowance
27.解除劳动关系： sever labor relation
28.金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision
29.经济安全： economic security
30.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development
31.扩大国内需求： the expansion of domestic demand
32.拉动经济增长： fuel economic growth
33.粮食仓库： grain depot
34.粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise
35.粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain purchase funds
36.粮食销售市场： grain sales market
37.劣质工程： shoddy engineering
38.乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines
39.骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign currency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage
40.融资渠道： financing channels
41.商业信贷原则： the principles for commercial credit
42.社会保险机构： social security institution
43.失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits
44.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud and refusal to pay taxes
45.外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending
46.安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents
47.信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationization
48.智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive
49.外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises
50.下岗职工： laid-off workers
51.分流： reposition of redundant personnel
52.素质教育： education for all-round development
53.豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects
54.社会治安情况： law-and-order situation
55.民族国家： nation state
56. “台独”： "independence of Taiwan"
57.台湾当局： Taiwan authorities
58.台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots
59.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory.
60.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions
61.可持续性发展： sustainable development
62.风险投资： risk investment
63.通货紧缩： deflation
64.扩大内需： to expand domestic demand
65.计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI)
66.网络空间： cyberspace
67.虚拟现实： virtual reality
68.网民： netizen (net citizen)
69.电脑犯罪： computer crime
70.电子商务： the e-business
71.网上购物： shopping online
72.应试教育： exam-oriented education
73.学生减负： to reduce study load
74. “厄尔尼诺”：(EL Nino)
75. “拉尼娜”：(La Nina)
76. “智商”：(IQ)
77. “情商”：(EQ)
78. “第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry, service sector, third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”：(quaternary/inFORMation industry)
79. “军嫂”：(military spouse)
80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”：summit (conference
81. “克隆”：clone
82. “冰毒”：ice
83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach
84. “传销”：multi level marketing
85. “(计算机)2000年问题”：Y2K problem (y for year, k for kilo or thousand)
86. “白皮书”：white paper (不是white cover book)
87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic (商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)；
88. “白条”：IOU note (IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you的读音缩略转义而来)
89. “巡回招聘”：milk round (一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。
90. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff;
91. “抓大放小”：manage large enterprises well while ease control over small ones;
92. “市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government's working agenda;
93. “两个基本点”：two focal points, two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC, I. e. upholding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM, opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。
94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors, a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot
95. “移动电话”：本系cellular (有时简作cel)或mobile (tele) phone
96. “三角债”：chain debts或debt chains
97. “拳头产品”：knockout product
98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline (打电话告诉一件欺诈事件)
99. “三通”的现译文three links：link of trade, travel and post
100. “外资”：overseas investments
101. “开放”：open to the outside world
102. “联防”：community/teampolicing (一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理)
103. “三陪服务”：escort services (陪伴服务)。
104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty
105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好)
106. “暴发户”：upstart, parvenu, noov (e)，nouveau riche (new rich)，jumped-up people (口语)
107. “快餐”：snack (food)，quick meal, fast (food, meal)，takeaway, carryout, MRE (meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)”
108.一次处理：single/primary treatment;
109.一次污染：primary pollution;
110.一次冻透：straight; freez-ing;
111.一次空气：fresh/primary air;
112.一次爆破：onepull;
113.一次付清： pay in full;
114.一次消费：one-time-consumption;
115.一次误差：first-order error;
116.一次成像照片：a Polaroid picture;
117.一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment;
118.一次性杯子：sanitary cup;
119.一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks;
120.一次性收入：lump-sum payment;
121.一次用包装：non-returnable container;
122.一次用相机：single-use camera
123.西部开发：Develop Western Regions
124.假日经济：Holiday Economy
125.手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the Cell Phone
126.传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use?
127.电脑病毒：Computer Viruses
128.网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes
129.旅游热：Tourism Wave
130.打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children
131.反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle
132.黑客：Hackers
133.减负：Reduction of Students' Study Load
134.中国加入世贸组织：China's Entry into the WTO
135.沙尘暴：Sandstorms
136.告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999
137.千年虫：The Millennium Bug
138.千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams
139.拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium
140.网上购物：Shopping on the Net
141.参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books
142.因特网的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Internet
143.人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map
144.高校合并：The Merging of Universities
145.网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet
146.何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century?
147.中国的外资：China's foreign Investment
148.中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China
149.性教育：Sex Education
150.明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet
151.课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class?
152.现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System
153.中国的因特网：Internet in China
154.中国的电脑：Computers in China
155.中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China
156.新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away?
157.家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring
158.教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nation's Future
159.电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries
160.教育应是应试教育还是素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented
161.提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind
162.计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction
163.自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM
164.展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century
165.盗版问题：Problem of Piracy
166.学会如何学习：Learn How to Learn
167.假文凭：Fake Diplomas
168.书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books
169.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery?
170.兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job
171.无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment
172.留学海外：Studying Abroad
173.发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecting the Environment?
174.电子邮件：The Internet E-mail
175.拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age
176.努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge
177.深化(中国的)改革：Deepen China's ReFORM
178.因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet
179.我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet?
180.大学英语考试：College English Test
181.大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary?
182.廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century
(2)分类热点词汇：
1.涉及文化教育的词汇：
自学成才to become educated through independent study
启发式elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method
填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feeding method of teaching
普及教育universal education
义务教育compulsory education; free education
学前教育preschool education
初等教育elementary education
中等教育secondary education
高等教育higher/tertiary education
普遍教育general education
成人教育adult education
职业技术教育vocational and technical education
国家教育委员会State Education Commission
高等学校institution of higher education
综合性大学comprehensive university
文科大学university of liberal arts
文科院校colleges of art
理工科大学college/university of science and engineering
师范大学normal university; teachers' university
师范学院teachers' college
工业大学polytechnical university
工业学院engineering institute
农业大学agricultural university
农学院agricultural college
医科大学medical university
医学院medical college/school
中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine
音乐学院conservatory of music
美术学院academy of fine arts
体育学院physical culture institute
分校branch school
重点学校key school
业余学校spare-time school
业余职工大学spare-time college for staff and workers
电视广播大学television and radio broadcasting university
函授学院correspondence school
教师进修学校teachers' college for vocational studies
成人夜校night school for adults
业余艺术/体育学校amateur arts/athletic school
半工半读学校part-work and part-study school
中等专业学校secondary specialized school; polytechnic school
中等技术学校secondary technical school; technical secondary school
职业学校vocational school
附中attached middle school
在职进修班in-service training course
进修班class for advanced studies
短训班short-term training course
专修科special (training) course
自学考试self-taught examination
教职员teaching and administrative staff
教学人员the faculty; teaching staff
中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal
大专院校校长president; chancellor
教务长dean of studies
(系)主任chairman; chairperson
副主任vice-chairman
教授professor
副教授associate professor
客座教授visiting professor; guest professor
讲师lecturer
助教assistant
专职教师full-time teacher
兼职教师part-time teacher
辅导员assistant for political and ideological work
教研室/组teaching and research section/group
教学组teaching group
教员休息室staff room; common room
母校Alma Mater
校友alumnus; alumna
学生会students' union/association
高年级学生upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/student in senior grades
低年级学生lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades
走读生day student; non-resident student
住宿生boarder
旁听生auditor
研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student)
应届毕业生graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates
听课to visit a class; to sit in on a class; p to attend a lecture
公开课open class
课程course; curriculum
必修课required/compulsory course
选修课elective/optional course
基础课basic course
专业课specialized course
课程表school timetable
课外活动extracurricular activities
课外辅导instruction after class
课外阅读outside reading
课堂讨论class discussion
(大学的)研究小组；讨论会seminar
教学大纲teaching program; syllabus
教学内容content of courses
学习年限period of schooling
学历record of formal schooling
学年school/academic year
学期(school) term; semester
学分credit
分数mark; grade
五分制the 5-grade marking system
百分制100-mark system
学习成绩academic record; school record
成绩单school report; report card; transcript
毕业论文thesis; dissertation
毕业实习graduation field work
毕业设计graduation ceremony
毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement
毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate
毕业鉴定graduation appraisal
授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb.
升级to be promoted to a higher grade
留级to repeat the year's work; to stay down
补考make-up examination
升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school
升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade
奖学金scholarship
(国家)助学金(state) stipend/subsidy
领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student
学费tuition (fee)
伙食费board expenses
伙食补助food allowance
文凭diplomas and certificates
考研热the craze for graduate school study
应试教育the examination-oriented education
义务教育compulsory education
复合型人才interdisciplinary talents
文化底蕴the rich cultural deposits
大学生创业the university students' innovative undertakings
扩招expand enrollment
被授予学位be granted a an official certificate from
高分低能good scores but low qualities
片面追求升学率place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level
退学drop out of the school
形成淘汰制度frame an elimination system
教书育人impart knowledge and educate people
因材施教teach students according to their aptitude
德才兼备possess political integrity and professional ability
品学兼优be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar
提高学生身心素质improve the health and psychological quality
适应社会的改变adjust to the social changes quickly
满足社会的急需meet the urgent need of the society
保护知识产权protect the intellectual property
才疏学浅be wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge
努力获得精神文明make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress
减轻负担reduce the heavy burdens
更加有意义和丰富的生活a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life
2.涉及工作的词汇：
崇高职业noble career
白领工作white-collar workers
跳槽job-hopping
试用期probationary period
人才流动和双向选择talent flow and a dual-way selection
自由职业freelance work
拜金主义money worship
获得名利achieve fame and wealth
充分发挥个人的潜力develop fully one's potential and creativity
实干精神steadfast and earnest in one's work
工作出色excel in one's work
无忧无虑be care-free
社会和个人的尊重social and personal esteem
生计问题a bread and butter issue
生活补助living subsidies
人才交流talents exchange
培养人才cultivate talents
推荐人才recommend the virtuous and able
人才外流brain drain
优化产业结构optimize the structure
精简人员cut off the overstaffed offices
提高综合素质improve the comprehensive quality
解决劳动就业问题tackle the problem of labor force utilization
砸掉大锅饭s