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1、考研作文词汇部分 考研作文基本上分为图画作文和图表作文，而近年来只考了图画作文，因此我们已总结图画作文为重点，对图表作文只做一般介绍处理。此部分主要总结作文常用的词汇，包括作文中常应用的连词、以及常用的热点词汇(纵观今年来的作文，主要涉及文化教育、健康、环保等问题)。 一、图表作文常用词汇： 表格图table ； 图表chart; diagram graph column 描述：show; describe; illustrate; reveal; represent 数字figure; 数据statistic; 百分比percentage; 比例proportion 上升
2、increase rise ascend core surge go up climb mount level up 下降: decrease fall drop descend decline reduce lessen level down 平稳: stable steady remain/maintain/keep/be the same as/similar to 波动: fluctuate fluctuation rise and falls up and down 占: occupy take up account for gain 而: while however w
3、hereas on the other hand actually/in fact 相比: by contract on the contrary likewise compared with 最高点: the highest the top the summit the peak the most 最低点: bottom less least rock bottom 平均: mean average 趋势: tendancy trend inclination 预见: prediction 达到顶峰: mount to 由…组成：consist of/be made up o
4、f /be composed of 占44%比例：account for /make up 44 percent 位居第一：rank the first 仅次于is second to 居第二位：in second spot 倒数第一is the last one 第二大部份rank the second/the second largest section 与..相比：compared with A与B成比例A be in proportion to B 差不多：About/around/roughly 多达as many as 正好：Exactly/precisely
5、 水平：level off 二、图画作文常用词汇： (1)常见热点词汇： 1.素质教育：Quality Education 2. EQ：分两种，一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3.保险业： the insurance industry 4.保证重点指出： ensure funding for priority areas 5.补发拖欠的养老金： clear up pension payments in arrears 6.不良贷款： non-perFORMing loan 7.层层转包和违法分包：
6、mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8.城乡信用社： credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9.城镇居民最低生活保障： a minimum standard of living for city residents 10.城镇职工医疗保障制度： the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11.出口信贷： export credit 12.贷款质量： loan quality 13.贷款质量五级分类办
7、法： the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14.防范和化解金融风险： take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15.防洪工程： flood-prevention project 16.非法外汇交易： illegal foreign exchange transaction 17.非贸易收汇： foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18.非银行金融机构： non-bank financ
8、ial institutions 19.费改税： transFORM administrative fees into taxes 20.跟踪审计： foolow-up auditing 21.工程监理制度： the monitoring system for projects 22.国有资产安全： the safety of state-owned assets 23.过度开垦： excess reclamation 24.合同管理制度： the contract system for governing projects 25.积极的财政政策： pro-active fisc
9、al policy 26.基本生活费： basic allowance 27.解除劳动关系： sever labor relation 28.金融监管责任制： the responsibility system for financial supervision 29.经济安全： economic security 30.靠扩大财政赤字搞建设： to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31.扩大国内需求： the expansion of domestic demand 32.拉动经济增长： fuel econom
10、ic growth 33.粮食仓库： grain depot 34.粮食收购企业： grain collection and storage enterprise 35.粮食收购资金实行封闭运行： closed operation of grain purchase funds 36.粮食销售市场： grain sales market 37.劣质工程： shoddy engineering 38.乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款： arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas and fines 39.骗汇、逃汇、套汇： obtain foreign c
11、urrency under false pretenses, not turn over foreign owed to the government and illegal arbitrage 40.融资渠道： financing channels 41.商业信贷原则： the principles for commercial credit 42.社会保险机构： social security institution 43.失业保险金： unemployment insurance benefits 44.偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税： tax evasion, tax fraud a
12、nd refusal to pay taxes 45.外汇收支： foreign exchange revenue and spending 46.安居工程： housing project for low-income urban residents 47.信息化： inFORMation-based; inFORMationization 48.智力密集型： concentration of brain power; knowledge-intensive 49.外资企业： overseas-funded enterprises 50.下岗职工： laid-off worker
13、s 51.分流： reposition of redundant personnel 52.素质教育： education for all-round development 53.豆腐渣工程： jerry-built projects 54.社会治安情况： law-and-order situation 55.民族国家： nation state 56. “台独”： "independence of Taiwan" 57.台湾当局： Taiwan authorities 58.台湾同胞： Taiwan compatriots 59.台湾是中国领土不可分割的一部分：Taiwa
14、n is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. 60.西部大开发： Development of the West Regions 61.可持续性发展： sustainable development 62.风险投资： risk investment 63.通货紧缩： deflation 64.扩大内需： to expand domestic demand 65.计算机辅助教学： computer-assisted instruction (CAI) 66.网络空间： cyberspace 67.虚拟现实： virtual
15、reality 68.网民： netizen (net citizen) 69.电脑犯罪： computer crime 70.电子商务： the e-business 71.网上购物： shopping online 72.应试教育： exam-oriented education 73.学生减负： to reduce study load 74. “厄尔尼诺”：(EL Nino) 75. “拉尼娜”：(La Nina) 76. “智商”：(IQ) 77. “情商”：(EQ) 78. “第三产业”：(third/tertiary industry, service se
16、ctor, third sequence of enterprises)79.“第四产业”：(quaternary/inFORMation industry) 79. “军嫂”：(military spouse) 80. “峰会”(香港译“极峰会议”)”：summit (conference 81. “克隆”：clone 82. “冰毒”：ice 83. “摇头丸”：dancing outreach 84. “传销”：multi level marketing 85. “(计算机)2000年问题”：Y2K problem (y for year, k for kilo or th
17、ousand) 86. “白皮书”：white paper (不是white cover book) 87. “傻瓜相机”：Instamatic (商标名，焦距、镜头均固定，被称为foolproof相机)； 88. “白条”：IOU note (IOU：债款、债务，由I owe you的读音缩略转义而来) 89. “巡回招聘”：milk round (一种招聘毕业生的方式，大公司走访各大学及学院，向求职者介绍本公司情况并与报名者晤谈)。 90. “减员增效”：increase efficiency by downsizing staff; 91. “抓大放小”：manage lar
18、ge enterprises well while ease control over small ones; 92. “市政府要办的X件实事”：x major projects that should be given top priority as designated on the municipal government's working agenda; 93. “两个基本点”：two focal points, two of the major points of the line set by the 13th Congress of the CPC, I. e. uphol
19、ding the four cardinal principles and the policies reFORM, opening to the outside world and invigorating domestic economy。 94. “投资热点”：a region attractive to investors, a muchsought piece of hand, popular investment spot 95. “移动电话”：本系cellular (有时简作cel)或mobile (tele) phone 96. “三角债”：chain debts或deb
20、t chains 97. “拳头产品”：knockout product 98. “投诉热线”：dial-a-cheat confidential hotline (打电话告诉一件欺诈事件) 99. “三通”的现译文three links：link of trade, travel and post 100. “外资”：overseas investments 101. “开放”：open to the outside world 102. “联防”：community/teampolicing (一种由警察和辖区居民共同参与的治安管理) 103. “三陪服务”：escort s
21、ervices (陪伴服务)。 104. “五讲四美”：five stresses and four points of beauty 105. “暴利”：excessive/extravagant/exorbitant/sudden huge profit (windfall profit也好) 106. “暴发户”：upstart, parvenu, noov (e)，nouveau riche (new rich)，jumped-up people (口语) 107. “快餐”：snack (food)，quick meal, fast (food, meal)，takeaway
22、 carryout, MRE (meals ready to eat) “一次(性/用)” 108.一次处理：single/primary treatment; 109.一次污染：primary pollution; 110.一次冻透：straight; freez-ing; 111.一次空气：fresh/primary air; 112.一次爆破：onepull; 113.一次付清： pay in full; 114.一次消费：one-time-consumption; 115.一次误差：first-order error; 116.一次成像照片：a Polaroid p
23、icture; 117.一次偿还信贷： non-in-stallment; 118.一次性杯子：sanitary cup; 119.一次性筷子：disposable chopsticks; 120.一次性收入：lump-sum payment; 121.一次用包装：non-returnable container; 122.一次用相机：single-use camera 123.西部开发：Develop Western Regions 124.假日经济：Holiday Economy 125.手机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the
24、 Cell Phone 126.传呼机不久将会被淘汰吗？：Can Beepers Be Soon Out of Use? 127.电脑病毒：Computer Viruses 128.网上犯罪：Cyber Crimes 129.旅游热：Tourism Wave 130.打拐：Cracking Down on the Abduction of Women and Children 131.反毒斗争：Anti-drug Battle 132.黑客：Hackers 133.减负：Reduction of Students' Study Load 134.中国加入世贸组织：China'
25、s Entry into the WTO 135.沙尘暴：Sandstorms 136.告别1999：Farewell to the Special Year 1999 137.千年虫：The Millennium Bug 138.千禧年的梦想：My Millennium Dreams 139.拥抱新千年：Embracing the New Millennium 140.网上购物：Shopping on the Net 141.参考书的负面效应：My View on the Negative Effects of Reference Books 142.因特网的利与弊：Posi
26、tive and Negative Aspects of Internet 143.人类第一张基因草图的意义：The Significance of the First Working Draft of Human Genome Map 144.高校合并：The Merging of Universities 145.网上求职：Hunting for A Job on Internet 146.何为新世纪的好老师？：What Is a Good Teacher in the Next Century? 147.中国的外资：China's foreign Investment 148
27、中国的人才流失：The Talent Flight in China 149.性教育：Sex Education 150.明天的因特网：The Future Tomorrows Internet 151.课堂是以教师为中心还是以学生为中心？：A Teacher-centered Class or A Student-centered Class? 152.现有的考试制度的利与弊：The Positive and Negative Aspects of Exams and the Existing Examination System 153.中国的因特网：Internet in C
28、hina 154.中国的电脑：Computers in China 155.中国的大学英语教学：College English Teaching in China 156.新的收费政策把学生拒之门外了吗？：Does New Tuition Policy Keep Students Away? 157.家教的利与弊：Positive and Negative Aspects of Home Tutoring 158.教师，国家的未来：Teachers, A Nation's Future 159.电子词典：Electronic Dictionaries 160.教育应是应试教育还是
29、素质教育：Education: Examination-oriented or Quality-oriented 161.提倡创新精神：Develop Our Creative Mind 162.计算机辅助教学：CAI/Computer Assisted Instruction 163.自动取款机的利与弊：Advantages and Disadvantages of the ATM 164.展望廿一世纪：Looking Forward to the 21st Century 165.盗版问题：Problem of Piracy 166.学会如何学习：Learn How to Le
30、arn 167.假文凭：Fake Diplomas 168.书的不良影响：My View on the Negative Effects of Books 169.人们为什么热衷于摸彩票？：Why Do People Like to Try Their Luck on Lottery? 170.兼职工作：My View on a Part-time Job 171.无偿献血：Blood Donation without Repayment 172.留学海外：Studying Abroad 173.发展经济还是保护环境？：Developing Economy or Protecti
31、ng the Environment? 174.电子邮件：The Internet E-mail 175.拥抱知识经济的新时代：Embracing the Knowledge Economy Age 176.努力更新知识：Trying to Renew Knowledge 177.深化(中国的)改革：Deepen China's ReFORM 178.因特网的利与弊：The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet 179.我们需要因特网吗？：Do We Need Internet? 180.大学英语考试：College English T
32、est 181.大学英语四、六级考试有必要吗？：Is the College English Test Band 4/Band 6 Necessary? 182.廿一世纪的青年人：The Youth and the 21st Century (2)分类热点词汇： 1.涉及文化教育的词汇： 自学成才to become educated through independent study 启发式elicitation method (of teaching); heuristic method 填鸭式教学法cramming/forced-feeding method of teach
33、ing 普及教育universal education 义务教育compulsory education; free education 学前教育preschool education 初等教育elementary education 中等教育secondary education 高等教育higher/tertiary education 普遍教育general education 成人教育adult education 职业技术教育vocational and technical education 国家教育委员会State Education Commission
34、高等学校institution of higher education 综合性大学comprehensive university 文科大学university of liberal arts 文科院校colleges of art 理工科大学college/university of science and engineering 师范大学normal university; teachers' university 师范学院teachers' college 工业大学polytechnical university 工业学院engineering institute 农业
35、大学agricultural university 农学院agricultural college 医科大学medical university 医学院medical college/school 中医院institute of traditional Chinese medicine 音乐学院conservatory of music 美术学院academy of fine arts 体育学院physical culture institute 分校branch school 重点学校key school 业余学校spare-time school 业余职工大学spar
36、e-time college for staff and workers 电视广播大学television and radio broadcasting university 函授学院correspondence school 教师进修学校teachers' college for vocational studies 成人夜校night school for adults 业余艺术/体育学校amateur arts/athletic school 半工半读学校part-work and part-study school 中等专业学校secondary specialized
37、school; polytechnic school 中等技术学校secondary technical school; technical secondary school 职业学校vocational school 附中attached middle school 在职进修班in-service training course 进修班class for advanced studies 短训班short-term training course 专修科special (training) course 自学考试self-taught examination 教职员teac
38、hing and administrative staff 教学人员the faculty; teaching staff 中、小学校长headmaster/headmistress; principal 大专院校校长president; chancellor 教务长dean of studies (系)主任chairman; chairperson 副主任vice-chairman 教授professor 副教授associate professor 客座教授visiting professor; guest professor 讲师lecturer 助教assista
39、nt 专职教师full-time teacher 兼职教师part-time teacher 辅导员assistant for political and ideological work 教研室/组teaching and research section/group 教学组teaching group 教员休息室staff room; common room 母校Alma Mater 校友alumnus; alumna 学生会students' union/association 高年级学生upper/higher grade pupil/student; pupil/
40、student in senior grades 低年级学生lower grade pupil/student; pupil/student in junior grades 走读生day student; non-resident student 住宿生boarder 旁听生auditor 研究生graduate student; post-graduate (student) 应届毕业生graduating student/pupil; this year's graduates 听课to visit a class; to sit in on a class; p to a
41、ttend a lecture 公开课open class 课程course; curriculum 必修课required/compulsory course 选修课elective/optional course 基础课basic course 专业课specialized course 课程表school timetable 课外活动extracurricular activities 课外辅导instruction after class 课外阅读outside reading 课堂讨论class discussion (大学的)研究小组；讨论会seminar
42、 教学大纲teaching program; syllabus 教学内容content of courses 学习年限period of schooling 学历record of formal schooling 学年school/academic year 学期(school) term; semester 学分credit 分数mark; grade 五分制the 5-grade marking system 百分制100-mark system 学习成绩academic record; school record 成绩单school report; report
43、card; transcript 毕业论文thesis; dissertation 毕业实习graduation field work 毕业设计graduation ceremony 毕业典礼graduation ceremony; commencement 毕业证书diploma; graduation certificate 毕业鉴定graduation appraisal 授予某人学位to confer a degree on sb. 升级to be promoted to a higher grade 留级to repeat the year's work; to s
44、tay down 补考make-up examination 升学t o go to a school of a higher grade; to enter a higher school 升学率proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade 奖学金scholarship (国家)助学金(state) stipend/subsidy 领取助学金的学生a grant-aided student 学费tuition (fee) 伙食费board expenses 伙食补助food allowance 文凭di
45、plomas and certificates 考研热the craze for graduate school study 应试教育the examination-oriented education 义务教育compulsory education 复合型人才interdisciplinary talents 文化底蕴the rich cultural deposits 大学生创业the university students' innovative undertakings 扩招expand enrollment 被授予学位be granted a an official
46、 certificate from 高分低能good scores but low qualities 片面追求升学率place undue emphasis on the proportion of students entering schools of a higher level 退学drop out of the school 形成淘汰制度frame an elimination system 教书育人impart knowledge and educate people 因材施教teach students according to their aptitude 德才
47、兼备possess political integrity and professional ability 品学兼优be a students of fine qualities and fine scholar 提高学生身心素质improve the health and psychological quality 适应社会的改变adjust to the social changes quickly 满足社会的急需meet the urgent need of the society 保护知识产权protect the intellectual property 才疏学浅be
48、 wanting in ability and shallow in knowledge 努力获得精神文明make efforts to seek cultural and ideological progress 减轻负担reduce the heavy burdens 更加有意义和丰富的生活a more vigorous, colorful and dynamic life 2.涉及工作的词汇： 崇高职业noble career 白领工作white-collar workers 跳槽job-hopping 试用期probationary period 人才流动和双向选择t
49、alent flow and a dual-way selection 自由职业freelance work 拜金主义money worship 获得名利achieve fame and wealth 充分发挥个人的潜力develop fully one's potential and creativity 实干精神steadfast and earnest in one's work 工作出色excel in one's work 无忧无虑be care-free 社会和个人的尊重social and personal esteem 生计问题a bread and butt
50、er issue 生活补助living subsidies 人才交流talents exchange 培养人才cultivate talents 推荐人才recommend the virtuous and able 人才外流brain drain 优化产业结构optimize the structure 精简人员cut off the overstaffed offices 提高综合素质improve the comprehensive quality 解决劳动就业问题tackle the problem of labor force utilization 砸掉大锅饭s
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