16种英语时态讲解.ppt

,Haga clic para modificar el estilo de ttulo del patrn,Haga clic para modificar el estilo de texto del patrn,Segundo nivel,Tercer nivel,Cuarto nivel,Quinto nivel,2021/5/24,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/5/24,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2021/5/24,*,时态,Tense,2021/5/24,1,2,一、时态概述,16,种时态,现在,过去,将来,过去将来,一般动作,一般现在,一般过去,一般将来,一般过去将来,进行动作,现在进行,过去进行,将来进行,过去将来进行,完成动作,现在完成,过去完成,将来完成,过去将来完成,完成进行动作,现在完成,进行,过去完成,进行,将来完成,进行,过去将来完成,进行,2021/5/24,2,3,二、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,用法,1,:,表示经常发生的习惯性的动作或者存在的状态,.,He often,goes,to the gym.,I,like,the rice for dinner.,He,doesnt,work hand.,形式,:,do,或,does,(,第三人称单数,),此用法常与一些表示,动作频率的时间副词,连用,(,副词放在,be,动词之后,实义动词之前,).,1),表示,肯定,的频率副词,:,always,frequently,usually,sometimes,often,occasionally,generally,等,.,2),表示,否定,的频率副词,:,never,seldom,rarely,等,.,He,always goes,to school by bike.,2021/5/24,3,4,用法,2,:,表示不受时间限制的事实陈述或客观性的真理,.,The earth,moves,around the sun.,The sun,rises,in the east and,sets,in the west.,Knowledge,is,power.,二、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,用法,3,:,有时用一般现在时表示,正在发生,的动作,.,Here,comes,your friend.,There,goes,our bus;well have to wait for the next one.,用在以,there,或,here,开头的句中,表示目前,短暂,的动作,.,2021/5/24,4,5,用法,4,:,有时用一般现在时表示,将来发生,的动作,.,二、一般现在时态,一般现在时的基本用法,Please let me know when he,comes,back.,What are you going to do when you,leave,school.,Ill give the book to him as soon as I,see,him.,Ill be glad if she,comes,over to visit me.,主要用在条件状语从句,(,if,unless,),和时间状语从句,(,when,as soon as,befor,after,etc.),中,表示,将来,动作,.,2021/5/24,5,6,三、一般过去时态,一般过去时的基本用法,用法,1,:,表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,.,形式,:,did,He,was,late for school,this morning,.,I,bought,this computer,three years ago,.,I,was,tired,last night,so I,went,to bed early.,用法,2,:,表示过去一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作,.,He,used,to do morning exercises.,I,lived,in the country for ten years.,He,took,a walk after supper when he was alive.,2021/5/24,6,7,四、一般将来时态,一般将来时的基本用法,用法,1,:,表示预测将要发生某事,用,will,或,be going to do.,形式,:,will do,或,be going to do,be going to,特别意指根据目前的明显迹象来推断某件事要发生,;will,则只是表名说话人认为或相信某件事要发生,be going to,通常用来表示说话人预期所说的事件马上或在相当近的将来就要发生,;will,所表示的动作发生的时间可近可远,.,Look at this black clouds!It,s,going to,rain.,I feel terrible,I think I,m,going to,be sick.,The bridge,will,collapse.,The bridge,is going to,collapse.,2021/5/24,7,8,四、一般将来时态,一般将来时的基本用法,用法,2,:,表示行动计划时用,be going to do,;,表示意愿时用,will.,be going to,表示说话人对未来行动的计划或打算,通常是事先考虑并含有已经为这一行动作了某些准备的意思,.,will,表示意愿,则表示在说话的时刻立即做出的决定,表明将去做某事,并没有经过事先考虑,更没有为这一活动做出事先准备,.,I have bought a computer and I,m,going to,learn the computer science.,Someone is knocking at the door.I,ll,go and open it.,2021/5/24,8,9,五、现在进行时态,现在进行时的基本用法,用法,1,:,表示说话此刻动作正在进行,.,形式,:,am/is/are+doing,He is not available now.he,is talking,on the phone.,Please dont make so much noise.I,am studying,.,用法,2,:,表示现阶段正在持续的动作,说话时刻动作不一定正在发生,.,These days I,am translating,a book.,I,am feeding,the neighbors cat this week while shes in hospital.,Mr.Green,is writing,another novel.,2021/5/24,9,10,五、现在进行时态,现在进行时的基本用法,用法,3,:,表示最近的将来一定的安排,.,通常含有,“,计划,”,“,安排做”之意,.,I,am taking,a makeup test tomorrow.,what,are,you,doing,on Saturday night?,I,m doing,some shopping with Jane.,用法,4,:,常与,always,forever,continually,constantly,等连用,表示抱怨,厌烦,不合情理或使人不愉快的事,.,He,s always messing,up the kitchen.,He,s,continually asking,me for money.,2021/5/24,10,11,六、过去进行时态,过去进行时的基本用法,用法,1,:,用来描述一个过去特定的时刻正在发生的事情,.,形式,:,was/were+doing,I,was discussing,my thesis with my director at this time last night.,用法,2,:,常与一般过去时配合使用,.,此时,过去进行时通常表示一个历时较长的作为,”,背景”的动作或状态,;,而一般过去时则表示此,”,背景”下发生的短暂的动作或状态,.,过去进行时动作先发生,一般过去时动作后发生,.,I,was watching,TV when the phone,rang,.,I,cut,my finger when I,was cooking,the dinner last night.,2021/5/24,11,12,七、将来进行时态,将来进行时的基本用法,用法,1,:,表示将来某一特定的时刻正在进行的动作,.,形式,:,will be doing,I,ll,be lying,on a beach in Sanya this time tomorrow.,Wait until seve,n,oclock so that they,wont,still,be eating,.,Dont call me at nine tomorrow because I,will be studying,at the library.,2021/5/24,12,13,知识扩展：不用进行时的动词,1),事实状态的动词,：,have,belong,possess,cost,owe,exist,include,contain,matter,weigh,measure,continue,I,have,two brothers.This house,belongs,to my sister.,2),心理状态的动词,：,know,realize,think see,believe,suppose,imagine,agree,recognize,remember,want,need,forget,prefer,mean,understand,love,hate,I,need,your help.He,loves,her very much.,3),瞬间动词,：,accept,receive,complete,finish,give,allow,decide,refuse,I,accept,your advice.,4),系动词,：,seem,remain,lie,look,sound,smell,feel,taste,get,become,turn,You,seem,a little tired.,2021/5/24,13,14,现在完成时的基本用法,用法,1,:,延续到现在的动作或状态,.,形式,:,have/has done,八、现在完成时态,开始于过去的动作一直持续的现在，而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为,延续性动词,。,I,have lived,here for 3 years.,The teacher,has taught,in this school since I came here.,Since time began,man,has lived,in fear of fire.,2021/5/24,14,15,知识扩展：与现在完成时搭配的时间状语,1),Since+,时间点,I have worked in this company,since 1980,.,2),for+,时间段,Great changes,have taken place,in Changsha,for the past few years.,3),“,到目前为止,”,：,until now,up until now,up to now,up till now,so far,We,have up until now failed,to take any action to decide on a common language that would further communication between nations.,4),“,在最近几世纪,/,年,/,月以来,”,：,in/over the past few years,for the last few centuries,throughout history,through centuries,Throughout history,man,has had,to accept the fact that all living things must die,for the very nature of life includes death.,2021/5/24,15,16,现在完成时的基本用法,用法,2,:,过去发生但与现在仍有联系的动作或状态,.,八、现在完成时态,表示在不确定的过去发生的动作对现在仍有影响，谓语动词一般为,短暂性动词,。,He,has broken,his leg.,He,broke,his leg.,试比较,2021/5/24,16,17,知识扩展：第二种现在完成时态使用技巧,1),这种完成时态的肯定句不与“一段时间”的时间状语连用,He has left his hometown for 3 years.(,典型错误,),He,left,his hometown 3 years ago.,He,has been away,from his hometown for 3 years.,Note:,短暂性动词的完成时句子若用否定句，表示尚未发生的事情，则可作为一种状态，表示延续。,I,havent bought,a pair of shoes,for a year,.,2),与不确定时间的时间状语连用,：,already,yet,often,just,never.,He,has already arrived,.,Has,it,stopped,raining,yet,?,2021/5/24,17,18,现在完成时的基本用法,用法,3,:,到目前的一个时间段内重复发生的动作,.,八、现在完成时态,表示到目前为止的一个时间段内重复发生的动作。,We,have taken,three tests so far this week.,I,have made,many new friends since I came to Chaozhou.,2021/5/24,18,19,知识扩展：其他使用现在完成时的结构,1),This/That/It is+,序数词,+,名词,+that+,现在完成时,It is the,third,time that I,ve come,to Beijing.,It is the,fifth,time that someone,has knocked,at my door.,2),This/That/It is+,最高级或,only,修饰名词,+,现在完成时,This is the,most,interesting movie that I,ve,ever,seen,.,It is the,worst,book that I,ve,ever,read,.,小结：现在完成时总是与,现在,有着密切的联系；或是表示到现在为止这一段时间的“,一直在延续,”或“,重复发生,”的动作或状态；或是表示影响现状的事件。,2021/5/24,19,20,知识扩展：现在完成时和一般过去时比较,1),现在完成时第二种用法表示的也是过去的动作或情况，强调过去的动作对现在的影响时才用现在完成时。,I,havent seen,him this morning.(,说话时间,this morning),I,didnt see,him this morning.,（,说话时间“今天晚上或下午”,）,2),在用于延续性动词时两个时态的区别,He,has been,in the army for 6 years.,(,他入伍以来已经,6,年了。,),He,was,in the army for 6 years.,(,他当过,6,年的兵，现在不是了。,),I,have smoked,for 2 years.(,我有两年的烟龄了。,),I,smoked,for 2 years.(,我抽了两年的烟，现在不抽了。,),2021/5/24,20,21,过去完成时的基本用法,用法,1,:,开始于过去之前,(,即过去的过去,),的动作或状态在过去这一时刻仍在进行,.,九、过去完成时态,表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这一动作或状态一直持续到这一过去时刻，并且到这一过去时刻还没有结束病仍有可能继续持续下去。,I,had learned,1000 words by the end of last year.,形式,:,had done,2021/5/24,21,22,过去完成时的基本用法,用法,2,:,表示开始于过去之前的动作或状态到过去这一时刻之前已经停止,.,九、过去完成时态,表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间之前已经开始，这一动作或状态在这一过去时刻之前即已结束，并且没有持续到这一过去时刻。此时过去完成时的动作为,短暂动作,。,He,had made,everything ready before I came.,Her baby,had fallen,asleep when she went into the room.,2021/5/24,22,23,过去完成时的基本用法,用法,3,:,在过去之前开始的动作，在过去之前一段时间内重复发生,.,九、过去完成时态,I,had written,her 100 letters when she finally promised to marry me.,I,had proposed,to her five times,but she still refused to marry me.,2021/5/24,23,24,过去完成时的基本用法,用法,4,:,intend,mean,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think,propose,wish,等动词的过去完成时表示过去未能实现的计划、设想、意图或希望等,.,九、过去完成时态,I,had intended,to see you,but I was busy.,They,had hoped,to see you off at the airport,but they got there too late.,用法,5,:,用在“,It was the+,序数词或最高级,+that+”,句型中,.,It was the third time that I,had met,him.,2021/5/24,24,25,知识扩展：过去完成时和一般过去时比较,1),两个或两个以上相继发生的动作，用,and,或,but,按动作发生的先后顺序连接，此时用一般过去时；过去完成时则强调主语在过去某一时刻及更早时的动作。,He,opened,the door and,entered,but,found,nobody.,I realized that we,had met,before.,2),在表示两个相继发生的动作时，过去完成时表示一个动作完成之后，另一个动作才开始发生，从而使得两个动作相互独立；一般过去时则可能表示一个动作导致另一个动作，或两个动作之间有一中因果关系。,When I,had opened,all the windows I sat down and had a cup of tea.,When I,had opened,the window the cat jumped out.,2021/5/24,25,26,将来完成时的基本用法,用法,1,:,延续到将来的动作或状态,.,十、将来完成时态,形式,:,will have done,I,will have learned,10000 words by the end of the next year.,The old man,will have worked,in this factory for 50 years when he retires next month.,2021/5/24,26,27,将来完成时的基本用法,用法,2,:,如同现在完成时第二种用法的将来完成时,.,十、将来完成时态,By the year 2050,scientists probably,will have discovered,a cure for cancer.,We,will have finished,our exam by the end of next week.,2021/5/24,27,28,将来完成时的基本用法,用法,3,:,在将来之前开始的动作，在将来之前的一段时间内重复发生,.,十、将来完成时态,By five oclock this afternoon the spaceship,will have traveled,eleven times around the earth.,2021/5/24,28,29,现在完成进行时的基本用法,用法,1,:,强调时间的持续性。,十一、现在完成进行时时态,形式,:,have/has,been doing,The telephone,has been ringing,for almost a minute.Why doesnt someone answer it?,The weather has been changeable lately;,Ive been having,a lot of colds.,用法,2:,表重复。叙述从过去某时到现在或最近已在重复的动作。,2021/5/24,29,30,现在完成进行时的基本用法,用法,3:,过去开始,现在刚刚停止的动，对现在有直接影响。,十一、现在完成进行时时态,形式,:,have been doing,My hands are dirty.,Ive been painting,the car.,2021/5/24,30,31,过去完成进行时的基本用法,用法,1,:,强调时间的持续性。表示过去某一时间之前一直进行的动作。,十二、过去完成进行时时态,形式,:,had,been doing,I,had been looking for,it for days before I found it.,这东西我找了好多天才找着的。,The doctor asked what he,had been eating,.,用法,2:,过去完成进行时还常用于间接引语中。,2021/5/24,31,32,知识扩展：过去完成进行时和过去完成时的比较,She had cleaned the office,so it was very tidy.,她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。,(,强调结果,),She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.,她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。,(,强调动作一直在进行,),2021/5/24,32,33,将来完成进行时的基本用法,用法,:,与将来完成时所用的时间状语基本相同。强调在将来某一时刻前一直在持续的动作。,十三、将来完成进行时态,By the end of this month,we,will have been living,in this city for 5 years.,形式,:,shall/will,have,been doing,2021/5/24,33,34,过去将来完成进行时的基本用法,用法,:,常用于间接引语中。常与,before+,将来时间或,by+,将来时间连用。,十四、过去将来完成进行时态,形式,:,should/would,have,been doing,She told me that she,would have been teaching,English for 30 years by the end of this year.,2021/5/24,34,35,一般过去将来的基本用法,用法,1:,表示从过去的时间看待将来要发生的动作或状态。和表示过去将来时间状语连用，多见于从句，特别是宾语从句中（当主句是过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事，用过去将来时）,十五、一般过去将来时态,形式,:,should/would,do,He,told,us that he,would become,a doctor in seven years.,2021/5/24,35,36,一般过去将来的基本用法,用法,2:,过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用,would,。,十五、一般过去将来时态,形式,:,should/would,do,Whenever he had time,，,he,would,do some reading.,I,would,play with him when I was a child.,2021/5/24,36,37,过去将来进行时的基本用法,用法,1:,表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于,宾语从句,中,尤其多用于,间接引语,中。,十六、过去将来进行时态,形式,:,should/would,be doing,They,said,they,would be coming,.,He said that he could not come because he,would be having a meeting,.,用法,2:,表示在过去某一时间之后即将进行的动作。,2021/5/24,37,38,过去将来完成时的基本用法,用法,:,表示在过去看来，将来某时会已经完成的动作。,十七、过去将来完成时态,形式,:,should/would,have done,she,said,she,would have finished,her exams by then.,2021/5/24,38,39,1.The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital.,A.died B.would die C.had died D.has died,2.Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while,but soon _ to his old ways.,A.returned B.returns C.was returning D.had returned,3.I _ my son _ a doctor,but he wasnt good enough at science.,A.hoped;would become B.had hoped;would become,C.had hoped;will become D.hope;will become,4.I _ to take a good holiday this year,but I wasnt able to get away.,A.hope B.have hoped C.had hoped D.hoped,5.Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home.,A.has left;comes B.left;had come,C.had left;came D.had left;would come,英语时态练习,A,A,B,C,C,2021/5/24,39,40,6.Look!How wonderful my car is!Oh,Jack.What are you thinking about?Dont you like it?,Im sorry I _ any remark about it in time.I certainly think its smart.,A.wasnt making B.dont make,C.wont makeD.didnt make,7.To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city _ so rapidly all these years.,A.is changingB.has changed,C.will have changedD.will change,8.He _ quite well,but he hasnt had time to swim since this summer.,A.will swim B.have swumC.swam D.swims,9.Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up,but he _by now.,A.hasnt turned up B.doesnt turn up,C.wont turn up D.hadnt turned up,英语时态练习,D,A,D,A,2021/5/24,40,41,10.Im terribly sorry for being late,but I _ the wrong bus.,A.catch B.had caughtC.caughtD.catching,11.The truth,sir,is that the old man _ across the road when my car hit him.,A.was to walk B.had been walking,C.walked D.was walking,12.I really dont think Rose will be upset,but I will go and see her in case she _.,A.is B.does C.will beD.has been,13.The computers made by our company sell best,but several years ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they _.,A.were playingB.were to play,C.had played D.played,英语时态练习,A,C,D,B,2021/5/24,41,42,14.Kate is in hospital.,Oh,really?I _._ visit her.,A.didnt know;Ill go andB.dont know;Ill go and,C.dont know;Im going toD.didnt know;Im going to,15.Where _ the guidebook?I cant see it anywhere.,I _ it right here,but now its gone.,A.did you put;have putB.had you put;have put,C.have you put;putD.were you putting;put,16.Do you live in this city?,No,we _ it for holidays.,A.just visit B.just visited C.are just visiting D.have visited,17.How is the old man now?,Sorry,he _ though they did all they could to save him.,A.was deadB.had died C.has been dead D.died,英语时态练习,A,C,C,D,2021/5/24,42,43,18.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures _.,A.will be taken B.are takenC.were taken D.had been taken,19.Im afraid it will be two months _.,A.when I come back B.when Ill come back,C.before I come backD.before Ill come back,20.The workers _ busily when the boss came to look for something he _ in the office.,A.had worked,had left B.were working;had left,C.working;had leftD.had worked;left,21.The notice _“No smoking”.,A.is told B.readsC.tells D.is read,英语时态练习,B,A,B,B,2021/5/24,43,