高级英语.doc

《高级英语1 》辅导纲要

Lesson 1 Four Choices for Young People

主要内容:
I. Synonyms
bucolic: pastoral
antecedent: predecessor, ancestor
presumably: probably;
barricade: blockade
inaugurate: launch, initiate
affluent: rich
formidable: fearful
skepticism: doubtfulness,
misgiving: skepticism
holocaust: massacre
2. Antonyms
dwindle: increase
unprecedented: usual
tedious: exciting
affluent, wealthy : impoverished
unsullied: spoiled
parasitic: independent
pastoral, rustic : urban
inevitable: avoidable
Brutal: humane
3. Definition
guise: an outer appearance 伪装
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
So Jim Binns’ generation has a formidable(frightening) job on its hands.
formidable: fearful, terrifying, dreadful, threatening, menacing, terrific, alarming 可怕的，令人生畏的
2. the figures of speech
At the same time, my generation was discovering that reforming the world is a little like fighting a military campaign in the Apennines, as soon as you capture one mountain range, another one looms ahead. _ simile
3. Explanation
1) It demands patience, always in short supply. (Para. 11)
2) This strategy also has ancient antecedents. (Para. 5)
3) … except for the polar regions, the frontiers are gone. (Para. 6)
4) … but in general the stream of migration is flowing the other way. (Para. 6)
5) For at best their victory never dawns on the shining new world they had dreamed of, …
KEY
1) This strategy is not new; it dates back to ancient times.
2) Except for the poplar regions, very few areas on earth remain unsettled.
3) But in general farmers are moving in large numbers to the cities.
4) brings about
5) It requires people to be patient, which most people are not. Their patience runs out quickly.

Lesson 2 Rock Superstars:
What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society?
主要内容:
1. Synonyms
radical: extreme
ramble: wander
reverence: respect
piety: devotion, loyalty
adulation: flattery
2. Antonyms
reverence: disrespect
3. Definition
pilgrim: person who travels (esp．a long way) to a holy place as an act of religious love and respect朝拜圣地者；香客
pilgrimage :a journey to some sacred place to show respect to God
bequeath: hand down, give or pass to others after death
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
How do you feel about all this adulation (praise) and hero worship?
adulation: the giving of too much praise or respect, esp. to win favor; praise more than necessary or deserved (to win favor) 谄媚；奉承
2. The figures of speech
Horowita sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum, a place where ideas clash and crash onomatopoeia/ alliteration
3. Explanation
1) By a man’s heroes ye shall know him. (Epigraph 2)
2) … a place where ideas clash and crash. (Para. 3)
3) The Beatles showed there was a range of emotions between love and hate.
4) … these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs … (Para.10)
KEY
1) You’ll find out what kind of person someone is if you know who his or her heroes are.
2) (The rock music arena) is a place where different ideas come into violent conflict.
3) The Beatles articulated subtle emotions, not just the two extreme feelings of love
and hate.
4) These rock musicians reflect the kind of emotions and outlook that…

Lesson 3 A Most Forgiving Ape (part one)
主要内容:
1.Synonyms
intrepid: insistent
reprisal: revenge
elusive: puzzling
2. Antonyms
Belligerence: friendliness
verify: di sprove
Intrepid, dauntless: cowardly
hostile: friendly
3. Definition
stereotyped: typed, categorized, fixed, established in form; used and repeated without change 定型的；反复使用而不便的；固定的
safari: trip through wild country (in east and central Africa); people, vehicles and animals of such a trip; the people, vehicles, animals, etc. making such a trip （尤指在东非和中非的）
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
It is this “human-ness” of the gorrila which is so beguiling(enchanting ).
beguiling: deceiving, cheating, leading astray; charming; amusing 欺骗的；吸引人的；有意思的
2. Explanation
1)He is the stereotyped monster of horror films…
2)… who haunts the imagination of climbers in the Himalayas … (L3)
3)… is no more than shadow boxing as a general rule. (L3)
KEY
1) The gorilla always appears in horror films and adventure books as a monster in fixed form _ half-man, half-gorilla.
2) Who always appear frightfully in the wild imaginings of the mountain climbers in the Himalayas.
3) The gorilla is merely acting out gestures of aggressiveness to warn the enemy away. All this is simply a show.

Lesson 4 A Most Forgiving Ape (Part Two)
主要内容:
1. Synonyms
bewilderment: puzzlement
sweltering : hot
lurk: hide
palpable: obvious
gratify: satisfy
enunciate: articulate, pronounce
dilemma: quandary
amnesia: forgetfulness
scramble: climb
bizarre: strange, peculiar,
alternative :option
2. Antonyms
groggily: steadily
impenetrable: passable
uncompromising: flexible
outlandish: normal
3. Definition
accelerate: speed up, pick up speed, quicken , space up 加速
fatigue: great tiredness
amnesia: forgetfulness; loss of memory, either in part or completely
prophet: a religious person who claims to be able to explain God’s will and tell
lurk: hide, lie concealed, lie in ambush, sneak, prowl 潜伏；埋伏
blister: small bag-like swelling under the skin, filled with liquid (caused by rubbing,
burning, etc.) 泡，水泡
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
1) That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men as bizarre(strange).
bizarre: strange, peculiar, odd, as if having terrible dream 奇异的
2) I rose groggily (unsteadily) to my feet and faced the impossible once more.
groggily: unsteadily; weakly, likely to collapse or fall 支持不住地；软弱地
2. The figures of speech
1). A vast cloud, shot through with sunlight, was tearing off the crest of Muhavura. personification _
2). He was the most distinguished and splendid animal I ever saw and I had only one desire at that moment: to go forward towards him, to meet him and to know him: to communicate.
parallelism
3. Explanation
1) – “lest too light winning make the prize light”. (Para. 7)
2) The next ten minutes were as timeless as only the amnesia of utter exhaustion could make them …. (Para. 8)
3) … my legs had turned to water again…. (Para. 8)
KEY
1) I was so tired that my mind stopped functioning as if I were under the effect of an anesthetic.
2) I seemed to have lost sense of time due to my utter exhaustion, and that made the next ten minutes infinitely long to me.
3) I became so weary with climbing that my legs could hardly support me any longer.

Lesson 5 A Lesson in Living (Part One)

主要内容:
1. Synonyms:
swirl: whirl
wiry: thin
benign: benevolent, kind-hearte
familiarity: intimacy
2. Antonyms
Inedible: eatable
重点掌握:
1. Explanation
1) Then I met, or rather got to know, the lady who threw me my first life line. (Para. 1)
2) … and my image of her would have been shattered like the unmendable Humpty-Dumpty. (L5)
3) She didn’t encourage familiarity. (Para. 3)
4) But they talked, and from the side of the building where I waited for the ground to open up and swallow me, … (Para. 10)
5) One summer afternoon, sweet-milk fresh in my memory, she stopped at the store to buy provisions. (Para. 14)
6) … and according to the Good Book, it goeth before a fall.”
KEY
1) the lady who threw me the rope to rescue me, or the lady who taught me the first
2) My image of her would have been shattered and cannot be restored. I cannot remember her clearly.
3) She didn’t encourage others to be on too intimate terms with her.
4) I was so ashamed of Momma’s behavior towards Mrs. Flowers that I really wanted
to find a place to hide myself.
5) What happened that afternoon (the event leading up to my first visit to Mrs. Flowers) was still fresh in my memory.
important lesson in living
10) Pride goes before a fall. ( One is bound to fail if he gets too conceited).

Lesson 6 A Lesson in Living (Part Two)

主要内容:
1. Synonyms
couch: express
aura: atmosphere
2. Definition
sophistication: various experience of the year
subsidize: to support with money
重点掌握:
1. The figures of speech
I wanted to gobble up the room entire and take it to Bailey, who would help me analyze and enjoy it hyperbole
2. Explanation
1)… it is language alone which separates him from the lower animal. (Para. 4)
2) I wanted to gobble up the room entire and take it to Bailey, who would help me analyze and enjoy it. (Para. 13)
3) She said that I must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. (Para. 16)
4) It was the least I could do, but it was the most also. (Para. 21)
5) I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easily found in those gifts. (Para. 23)
6) The essence escapes but its aura remains. (Para. 23)
KEY
1)…it is language alone which distinguishes human beings from all other animals.
2) I wanted to remember everything in the room so that I could describe to Bailey in detail how the room was furnished and decorated with good taste.
3) Ignorance is something to be ashamed of and one must never slacken one’s efforts in seeking knowledge, yet one should by no means have any contempt for those who are unable to read and write.
4) That simple answer was all and the only thing I could say at the moment.
5) After I grew up, I have become more mature, and have a better and more complex understanding of the world, still I tried to seek the reason…why I enjoyed reading the books Mrs. Flowers offered me.
6) The essential points of the poem’s content escape me, but the beautiful reading (or the deep impression) remains in my memory (or its impact on my life can still be felt).

Lesson 7 I’d Rather Be Black Than Female

主要内容:
1. Synonyms
prejudice: bias
eliminate: discard
handicap: obstacle
bizarre: strange, peculiar
2. Antonyms
Skeptical: credulous
eliminate : add
hostility: amity
masculine: feminine
Skeptical: credulous, trusting
Incredulous: gullible
Suspicious, skeptical: credulous
invariably: changeably
unrewarding: worthy
3. Definition
empathy: the power to enter into the feelings or spirit of others
boycott: to join with others in refusing to have any dealings with (some other individual or group) 联合抵制（某个人或团体）
stereotype: fixed pattern or type of things or persons 定型；定型模式
empathy: the power and state of imagining oneself to be another person, and so of sharing his ideas and feelings 移情作用
hardware: machinery used in war; armaments
重点掌握:
1. Explanation
1)… has made me some kind of phenomenon. (Para. 1)
2)For all but the last six, I have done the work—all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day … (L7)
3) Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching. (Para. 11)
4) The women of a nation mold its morals, its religion, and its politics by the lives they live. (Para. 17)
KEY
1)…has made me quite an extraordinary person.
2) …all the boring routine jobs that can determine the outcome of an election
3) Women have not achieved even the minimal, symbolic equality being achieved by blacks.
4) Women shape society’s moral, religious and political standards by the way they act in everyday life.

Lesson 8 The Trouble With Television

主要内容:
1. Synonyms
command: order
stimulus: activator
novelty: originality, newness, uniqueness;
Stimulation: excitement
cultivate: develop
divert: distract
2. Antonyms
casual: serious
aptly: unlikely
wholesale: retail
perpetual: temporary
aptly: unlikely
3. Definition
Divert: distract, amuse, entertain; turn from serious thought, draw off to a different subject.
kaleidoscopic:(of scenes, colours or patterns)changing quickly
narcotic: taking away pain and causing sleep; painkiller,
tolerance: Willingness to accept behavior and beliefs that are different from your own
fatigue: great tiredness
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
In short, a lot of television usurps(encroaches) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it.
Usurp: seize illegally, take unlawfully, steal, grab, encroach upon, infringe upon? Give up; surrender, yield, relinquish,
2. The figures of speech
Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate: that complexity must be avoided , that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought , that verbal precision is an anachronism. _ parallelism _
3. Explanation
1) The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything.
2) Television’s variety becomes a narcotic, not a stimulus.
3 )In its place that is fine.
4) I think this society is being force-fed with trivial fare.
KEY
1) The least capable among us can accomplish a great deal if we concentrate on something. (In the eyes of those who don’t concentrate on anything, those of us who do can accomplish wonders.)
2) The various entertainment offered by television drugs viewers rather than providing them with food for thought.
3) There is nothing wrong with appealing to a short attention span if it is used proper
4) This society is being forced to accept things of little worth.

Lesson 9 On Getting Off to Sleep

主要内容:
1. Synonyms
pervade: spread , imbue
defy: challenge
sycophantic: flattering
callous: hardened, heartless, indifferent
stupendous: remarkable
2. Antonyms
eventful: unimportant
3. Definition
vexation: a feeling of distress, trouble, worriness, torment, harassnes
insomnia: a state of being unable to sleep
stupendous: surprisingly great, remarkable
legion: great in number, very many
sycophantic: flattering, of or like parasite, flatterer, puppet 拍马的；谄媚的
重点掌握:
1. Meaning of words in context
1).The artificial ways of inducing sleep are legion( numerous), and are only alike in their ineffectuality.
2). To me, there is something inhuman, something callous(Indifferent)
and almost bovine, in the practice.
callous: hardened, heartless, indifferent; uncaring 麻木的；无情的
2. The figures of speech
1). I must confess that I always … those “as soon as my head touches the pillow” fellows._ hyperbole
2). Discussing the question, … sleep drew the curtain. personification
3).Between chime and chime of the clock …__onomatopoeia/ alliteration _
3. Explanation
1) But let me be between the sheets at a later hour, … (Para. 1)
2) When I’m in the humour I can compose grand symphonies, … (Para. 2)
3) … when it is time to close the five ports of knowledge, … (Para. 3)
4) … “lest too light winning make the prize light”. (Para. 3)
5) … who proses it away from morning to n