小学各时态讲解及练习.doc

一般现在时
Step 1: 时态概念
时态，指在不同的时间条件下，动词的形式。
数轴对比各种时态

Step 2: 用法
1.经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。
　如： every ~, sometimes,on Sundays
I go to school at 7 every morning.
Sometimes I am careless.
I have piano lessons on Sundays.
2.客观真理，客观存在。
　The earth moves around the sun.
　Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3.在格言或警句中。
　Pride goes before a fall.　骄者必败。
Step 3:一般现在时的谓语动词
1.当谓语是be动词时
主语+be+表语

I ------ am
主语 第三人称单数（he, she, it,单个人名、地名/称呼） ------ is
其它（we, you, they及其它复数） ------- are

例句： …….是老师。

2.当谓语是行为动词时
主语+行为动词+其它

第三人称单数时 ------- 动词变为三单形式
主语
其它 ------- 动词原形

例句：……每天学英语。

补充：三单形式变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：study-studies
练习：
一、写出下列动词的三单形式
drink ________ go _______ stay ________ make ________
look _________ have_______ pass_______ carry ____
come________ watch______ plant_______ fly ________
study_______ brush________ do_________ teach_______
二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1.He often ________(have) dinner at home。
　　2.Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One。
　　3.We _______(not watch) TV on Monday。
　　4.Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday。
　　5.They ________(like) the World Cup very much.
　　6.They often _______(swim) on Saturdays.
　　7.Your parents _______(read) newspapers every day.
　　8.The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
　　9.She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
　　10.There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
　　11.Mike _______(like) cooking.
　　12.They _______(have) the same hobby.
　　13.My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
　　14.You always _______(do) your homework well.
　　15.I _______(be) ill. I‘m staying in bed.
　　16.She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
　　17.Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
　　18.The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
　　19.Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this week.
　　20.It ______ (be) Saturday today.
Step 4: 句型转换
一般现在时陈述句变为否定句、一般疑问句

1.谓语是be动词时
肯定句：She is late for school.
变为否定句：在be动词后加not, 其它照抄。
She is not late for school.
变为一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首，其它照抄，句末加问号。

Is she late for school? Yes, 主语+be./No, 主语+be+not.
2.谓语是行为动词
变为否定句

第三人称单数时 ------- 在主语后加doesn’t，其后动词三单变为原形。
主语
其它 ------- 在主语后加don’t，其它照抄。
肯定句：He likes bread.
否定句：__________________
肯定句：They like bread.
否定句：__________________
变为一般疑问句

第三人称单数时 ------- 句首加does, 其后动词三单变回原形, 加问号。
主语 Yes, 主语+does./No,主语+doesn’t.
其它 ------- 句首加do,其它照抄，加问号。
Yes, 主语+do./No, 主语+don.t.
肯定句：He likes bread.
一般疑问句：__________________
肯定句：They like bread.
一般疑问句：__________________

注意：当主语为第一人称时，变成一般疑问句时要变为第二人称。
肯定句：I am late for school.
一般疑问句：______________
肯定句：I like bread.
一般疑问句：______________ .

将下列句子改为否定句、一般疑问句并作回答
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. I do my homework every day.
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
3. She is always a good student.
___________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________

一般过去时
Step 1: 用法
1.过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，后加表示过去的时间状语。
We planted many trees last Sunday.
My mum was in my aunt’s house yesterday.
2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
We often had swimming lessons last year.
Step 2:谓语动词为be
当谓语是be动词时
主语+be+表语
(1)am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
(2)are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）

Step 3:练习
用be动词的适当形式填空
(一)
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
9. I ______ an English teacher now.
10. She _______ happy yesterday.
11. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
12. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
13. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
14. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
15. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
16. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday _____ the first of June. It ____ Children’s Day. All the students ____ very excited.

Step4:谓语动词是行为动词
主语+行为动词+其它
动词用相应的过去式
1.动词的规则过去式
变化规则：
(1)一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
(2)结尾是哑巴e加d，如：taste-tasted
(3)末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied
补充：写出下列动词过去式
visit________ cook________plant_______ sit _________
clean________play_______go_________ make _______
does_________ dance_____worry______ask _________
taste_________ want_______ stop______ live________
work_______kick________ pass________ do _________
2.动词的不规则过去式
come__________ buy_________ catch________ do/does_____
draw__________ eat__________ drink________ fly_________
get___________ give_________ go__________ has/have____
read_________ ride__________ run__________ sell________
swim________ take_________ tell__________ win________
Step 3:练习
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
6. They ________ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.
7. My mother _______ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.
8. The girls ________ (sing) and _______ (dance) at the party.
9. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
10. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
11. We _________ to zoo yesterday. (go)
12.I _______ (visit) mygrandparents last Spring Festival.
13. He _______ (fly) a kite on Sundays.
He _______(fly) a kite on last Sunday.
二、用动词的适当形式填空
1. It _____ (be) the 2nd of November yesterday.
2. Gao Shan ________ (put) the book on his head a moment ago.
3. Don’t ______ the house. Mum _______ it yesterday. (clean)
4. I ______ some housework just now. (do)
5. They _________ (make) a kite a week ago.
6. Mr White ________ (go) to his office by car.
7. He _____ the flowers this morning. (water)
8. She ____ (be) a pretty girl.
9. The students often _____ (draw) some pictures in the art room.
三、用所给的动词的适当形式填空。
⒈He _____(visit) the Great Wall last year.
2.We________(have) a good time yesterday.
3.We often _______(go) to school by bus last year.
4.I ________(live)in the village when I was a child.
5.Mike______(see) a big tiger in the nature park last year.
6.Sam_____ (do) the housework yesterday.
7.I _______(enjoy) myself yesterday.
8.I_____(draw)some pictures yesterday.
9.I ______ (eat) a big pizza yesterday.
10.There____ (be) many sheep on the farm last year.
11. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on last Saturday.
Step 4: 句型转换
一般过去时陈述句变为否定句、一般疑问句
1.谓语是be动词(was, were)时
肯定句：She was late for school yesterday.
变为否定句：在be动词后加not, 其它照抄。
She was not late for school yesterday.
变为一般疑问句：把be动词提到句首，其它照抄，句末加问号。
Was she late for school yesterday? Yes, 主语+be./No, 主语+be+not.
2.谓语是行为动词
陈述句：Jim went home yesterday.
变为否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形
Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
变为一般疑问句：句首加did，句中动词变回原形，句末加问号。
Did Jim go home yesterday?
回答：Yes, he/she/it/they did. / No, he/she/it/they didn’t.
句型转换练习：
1. It was Monday yesterday.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students passed the exam last month.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
3. I was a student in 2007.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
Step5:综合练习
选择填空
( ) 1. She watered the flowers ________.
A tomorrow B sometimes C yesterday morning
( ) 2.What ____ Mike do last weekend ?
A do B does C did
( ) 3. I ___ my room last Sunday.
A cleaned B clean C am cleaning
( ) 4. I often help my mother _____ housework.
A does B did C do
( ) 5. _____ you _____ TV last night .
A Do, watch B Did, watch C Did, watched
( ) 6.---Did your father write an e-mail yesterday ？
A Yes, he did. B Yes, he does C No, he don’t
( ) 7.They _____ on a trip in February ,2007.
A are going B going C went
( ) 8.We’re going to _____ mountains tomorrow .
A climb B climbed C climbing
( ) 9. ____ he ____ football two days ago?
A Does , play B Did , played C Did , play
( ) 10.----Good afternoon, Miss Lee. How does Mike feel?
-----He’s tired . He ____ a lot of work ______ .
A.Does, this morning B.Does, tomorrow
C.Did, this morning D.Did, tomorrow

一般将来时
一、一般将来时的定义：一般将来时表示在将来时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态，与表示将来的时间连用。tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。如：She will visit Shanghai tomorrow.
二、一般将来时的构成
1．一般将来时有两种构成形式：
（1）主语+shall/will+do
（2） 主语+ be going to + do 在表示“打算到某地去时”由于谓语动词go与going重复，一般可以只说be going to a place。
三、一般将来时的用法
1．（1）主语+shall/will+do (will可用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称I和we) 这种结构不是表示自己的打算、意图或计划，而是表示未来的事实或对将来的预测等如：
No one will do heavy work.
Roberts will do everything for us.
（2）主语+ be going to + do这种结构常用来表达自己打算做某事、计划做某事或者有意做某事。注意：be 动词要与主语的人称和数一致，如：
I am going to do some reading tomorrow.
He is going to have a piano lesson next week.
We are going to have a party this Friday.
2．通常情况下will 和 be going to能互换，但是be going to 与will 用法的也是有点区别的
（1） 只用will不用be going to的情况:
①表示对未来时间与年龄的推测时，如:
Tomorrow will be Monday.
She will be thirteen next year.
②表示必然发生时,如：
Fish will die without water.
People will die if all green plants die.
（2）只用be going to而不用will的情况：
如果表示已有迹象表明在不久的将来要发生的事情时，如：
Look at those black clouds, It’s going to rain.
3．某些动词如：go/come/leave/start/begin/arrive等，它们的现在进行时可以表示将来时，如：
They are leaving for Shanghaitomorrow.
My brother is coming here soon.
四、一般将来时的句式变换
肯定句：主语+shall/will+do
主语+ be going to + do
否定句：主语+shall/will+not+do（will not 可缩写成won’t）
主语+ be+ not+ going to +do
一般疑问句：shall/will+主语+ do
be+主语+going to+do
特殊疑问句：疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do
疑问词+be+主语+going to+do
一般将来时练习题:
一、用单词的适当形式填空。
1. I _______ ________ _______ _______ (see) a film tomorrow.
2. A: What _______ you _______ ______ _______ (do) next Saturday？
B: I _______ __________ _______ ________(swim) with my parents.
3. There ______　_______ (be) a party in our school.
4. Mike _______ ________ (visit ) his grandparents next week.
5. He ______　______　_______　_______（buy）a bike the day after tomorrow.
6. ________ （fly）a kite with my father next week.
7. He will not _________ (go) school tomorrow.
二、选择题
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to             B. will going to be
C. is going to be              D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working                  B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working        D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is                     B. is; is 
C. will be; will be                D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was                           B. is going to have
C. will have                     D. is going to be
( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow?
–No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will       B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be      D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives                        B. will give
C. gives                             D. give
( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?
–________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t.              B. No, you aren’t.
C. No, please don’t.          D. No, please.
( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper?
–I ________ if for you at once.
A. get                                B. am getting 
C. to get                             D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be                B. Will there be
C. There can be                 D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have                               B. will have
C. had                                D. would have
( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives                           B. gave  
C. will giving                     D. is going to giving
( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes                           B. has written
C. will write                       D. wrote
( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back               B. came back 
C. will come back            D. is going to coming back
( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain                   B. won’t rain 
C. doesn’t rain                 D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow?
– No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t.                  B. they won’t. 
C. they aren’t.                   D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go                       B. do; go  
C. will; going                    D. shall; go
( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do                           B. will do 
C. going to do                  D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go                   B. will fly; goes
C. is going to fly; will goes          D. flies; will go
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching                B. watches     
C. is watching                  D. is going to watch
(