广东省华南师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高三上学期综合测试(一)+英语试题.doc

华南师大附中2022届高三综合测试（一）
英 语

第一部分 阅读(共两节; 满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
International Airport Sheremetyevo Moscow
►If You’ve Lost Personal possessions
u On Board
Contact the airline’s representatives
u At the Airport
Contact:
- Sheremetyevo Police Department …………………… [phone]
- Unclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal C…… [phone]
- Unclaimed luggage storage room in Terminal D…… [phone]
(domestic flights)
[phone]
(international flights)
When collecting Lost and Found items, you shall have an identification document, a boarding pass or a ticket, and also to indicate a place where the items were lost and prove they are yours.
►If Your Luggage Is Lost or Damaged
Before leaving the arrival area, please turn to the Lost and Found counter to file a report. The written claim shall be submitted to the airline company not later than seven days from the time when the luggage was to be collected.
If your luggage is not found within twenty-one days of the time when the claim was filed, you have the right to claim damages in the amount of not more than 600 rubles per kilogram. Amount refunded for a hand luggage lost through the fault of an airline is not more than 11,000 rubles regardless of its weight. Amount refunded for damaged luggage is calculated based on the tariffs (关税).
Keep your flight documents (a ticket, boarding pass, luggage tag, and delayed luggage report filed at the airport) until the end of the procedure for searching for your luggage.
Current information on luggage-tracing results…………… [phone]
Lost and Found service of Aeroflot Airlines……………… [phone]
(from 9:00 to 20:00)
[phone]
(24 hours)
For further information please contact the airline.
1. What should you do if you find your personal possessions lost on board?
A. Turn to the airline’s staff. B. Contact the police office.
C. Submit a claim to the company. D. Go to the Lost and Found counter.
2. How much money can you claim if your 20-kilogram hand luggage is damaged?
A. It depends on its weight. B. It depends on the tariffs.
C. 12,000 rubles at most. D. 11,000 rubles at most.
3. Which number should you dial if you found your luggage missing at midnight on your arrival?
A. [phone]. B. [phone].
C. [phone]. D. [phone].
B
It was an early blow to my self-confidence. I was attending my first group meeting in the lab as a postdoc, and I was pleased that I could follow most of the discussion. Then, in front of everyone, the professor turned to me and asked about my previous accomplishments. I froze. As a PhD student, I had achieved lots to be proud of. But all of those were in my home country of Brazil. Now I was in Washington, DC and I didn’t know what the word “accomplishment” meant. So all I could say was “I don’t know”.
I had decided to do a postdoc abroad because I thought the training would help me secure a teaching position. I applied for and received a Brazilian government fellowship to spend 18 months working abroad and got a position in a lab. It all seemed so easy—until I actually started.
In a new country, I struggled. After the mortifying lab meeting incident, my confidence took another hit. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize. I used to be invited to give talks. Now, I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent. My confidence was destroyed.
After months of self-doubt, I reminded myself that I had potential. I needed to do something to regain my confidence. I thought a change of environment might be what I needed. So I made the move.
In another new lab. I still felt insecure. However, I was determined to make the most of the time I had. There were more opportunities to interact with others, which forced me to talk more. It was awful at first, but with practice I began to feel more confident in my English. I proposed new projects. I began to receive positive feedback on my presentations.
My confidence is back. I feel a little like Wonder Woman. She was a strong soldier in her homeland. When she left, she experienced obstacles and failures only to become even stronger than before.
4. What was the author’s reaction when asked about her previous achievements?
A. She felt insecure. B. She kept silent.
C. She was at a loss. D. She felt proud.
5. Why did the author go abroad?
A. To apply for government fellowship. B. To get a doctor’s degree.
C. To build her own lab. D. To gain experience for a position.
6. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. I didn’t give a proper response in a lab meeting.
B. The paper I intended to publish did not materialize.
C. I was asked to speak more slowly because of my accent.
D. I reminded myself that I had potential.
7. What can be the best title for the text?
A. A lab meeting incident B. I found my inside Wonder Woman
C. Brazilians’ confidence improved D. Poor English ruined opportunity
C
The stomach is an extremely strong organ, full of acid to break down each meal. In order to prevent this acid from burning a hole in our stomachs and damaging other organs, our stomach lining is specially adapted to contain the acid safely.
H. pylori are able to live in the stomach by living in the lining, safe from harsh stomach acid. These bacteria are actually pretty common in people, approximately a third of Australians have H. pylori in their bodies, but not all have symptoms.
The bacteria can eventually create infection in stomach lining, a condition known as gastritis (胃炎), by wearing away the lining and allowing stomach acid to burn away stomach tissue, causing painful ulcers (溃疡).
Up until the 1980s, it was thought that bacteria could not survive in stomach acid. The cause of stomach ulcers was due to lifestyle choices: stress, smoking, spicy foods; the stomach acid was breaking through the lining on its own.
This belief was first questioned in 1979 by Robin Warren, an Australian pathologist, who found bacteria on a microscope slide containing the stomach lining of a patient with gastritis. In the years that followed Warren continued his research.
Warren then teamed up with Barry Marshall in 1981 and the two continued with the research, trying to separate the mystery bacteria and find a cure. Over the next three years, they tested their theories with some positive results; however, the idea that bacteria could be the cause of gastritis was not widely accepted or even acknowledged.
Finally, fed up with being ignored and confident in his findings, Bary Marshall decided to test on himself. He infected himself with H. pylori and soon developed gastritis and terrible stomach ulcers. Marshall then began to cure himself by taking a dose of antibiotics. This once and for all proved not only that bacteria could grow in stomach acid, but it could also cause gastritis and stomach ulcers.
Eventually, the world fully acknowledged Warren and Marshall’s huge contribution to science and medicine and the two were awarded the Nobel prize in Medicine in 2005, twenty-six years after Robin Warren first began his research.
8. We can learn from the text that H. pylori are a kind of_________.
A. organs B. infections C. bacteria D. symptoms
9. Which of the following was NOT people’s initial beliefs about gastritis?
A. Lifestyle choices caused stomach ulcers.
B. Stomach acid could break through the lining on its own.
C. Bacteria couldn’t survive in the stomach.
D. Some bacteria can create infection by burning away stomach tissue.
10. How did Barry Marshall prove that H. pylori caused gastritis?
A. Choosing unhealthy lifestyles.
B. Introducing H. pylori to his own stomach.
C. Finding the bacteria on stomach lining.
D. Growing H. pylori in the lab.
11. The text is most likely written to________.
A. chemists B. patients C. researchers D. the general public
D
In a classic episode(剧集)of The Simpsons, Homer’s class reunion ends in shame when one of Homer’s guilty secrets is exposed: he never graduated from high school. To get his diploma (毕业证书), he must pass a science test. As he sits down to retake the exam, he holds one of his most well-known dialogues with his brain. “All right, brain. You don’t like me and I don’t like you. But let’s just do this and I can get back to killing you with beer.”
Many a true word is spoken as a joke. Homer Simpson’s Everyman character really is an Everyman. For most people, engaging in the kind of effortful thinking that is required to pass a science test feels too much like hard work. It is so much easier to quit and let the brain’s autopilot take over.
And no wonder. Evolution (进化) has blessed the human brain with all kinds of mental shortcuts that make life manageable. If we had to think about every action or weigh up every decision, we would break down. As a result, certain ideas and modes of thinking come naturally to us, such as effortless thinking.
But at huge cost. Our mental shortcuts work fine at the level of individuals and small-scale societies, but in an increasingly interconnected and globalized world, they are a danger to society. Effortless thinking is at the root of many of the modern world’s most serious problems: terrorism, hatred, inequality and religious extremism. All are caused by people disengaging their critical thinking and going with their gut (非理性的) feeling.
Everybody is capable of gut feeling, but also of the critical thinking. Both thinking styles are needed to make the world go round. Unfortunately, the latter requires training that is unavailable or unappealing to many people.
One of the bright spots in 2017 was the start of a movement called the March For Science. Those who believe in the power of science need to keep on marching, or give more power to people who don’t much like their own brains — or other people’s.
12. What does the author want to convey through Homer's story?
A. Feeling is very important.
B．Drinking beer is harmful to one’s brain.
C．High school seniors should work hard.
D．Most people hate effortful thinking like Homer.
13. What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．Our mental shortcuts function well.
B．Effortless thinking is expensive for people.
C．Effortless thinking is dangerous to society.
D．People prefer effortless thinking to critical thinking.
14. What does the author think of critical thinking?
A．It makes the world go round.
B．It needs necessary training.
C．It works fine at the level of personal affairs.
D．It leads to the March For Science in 2017.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A．We Need to March Towards Science
B．Thinking Contributes to Social Problems
C．Effortless Thinking Is Out of Date
D．Critical Thinking Is Urgently Needed
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分, 满分12.5分)
阅读短文，从短文后选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。有两项为多余选项。
A Great Way to Teach Children to Take Responsibility
As parents, one of the most important things to teach children to take responsibility is to include chores (家务活) as a part of their daily routine. In order to make a family function smoothly, every member must contribute. Teaching your children to take responsibility at an early age makes it easier for them to shoulder greater responsibilities as they grow older.
16 If your children leave their crayons lying on the table after drawing, picking up those crayons is not a chore. It is cleaning up a mess they have created. 17
18 For example, if it is to feed the dog every day, make sure the children understand that if they fail in their responsibility, the dog will go hungry.
Make rewards and punishments a part of the lesson. Together decide whether they will be rewarded or not. 19 Some parents make their reward a monetary payment, while others choose to reward with certain privileges, such as extra television viewing time. Children need to be taught that there are punishments for their actions in case of not doing their assigned chores. Decide and agree from the start what the punishment will be.
Teaching your children the importance of contributing to the family is of great importance. 20 By taking this step, you have done a wonderful thing for your children by providing them with life skills they can take with them into society.
A. And if so, what the reward will be for a job well done.
B. Children will not be rewarded at all for merely cleaning up.
C. And what punishment they will receive if a chore isn’t done.
D. Teach children the importance of each assignment, and why it matters.
E. Actually you are taking a critical step in empowering them for their future.
F. Start by teaching children the difference between a chore and cleaning up after themselves.
G. A chore is a specific task a child has been assigned which helps improve the life of the entire family.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节;满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Why do some people live to be longer than others? You know the standard 21 : keeping a moderate diet, encouraging in regular exercise, etc. But what effect does your personality have on your longevity? Do some kinds of personalities 22 longer lives? A new study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society looked at this question 23 the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be a least 100.
The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing, more 24 and less neurotic(神经质的) than other people. Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a(an) 25 life span. These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory: Those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough 26 to make it through tough times.
Interestingly, 27 , other characteristics that you might consider advantages had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer. Those who were more self-disciplined, 28 , were no more likely to live to be very old. Also, being 29 to new ideas had no relationship to long life, which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways.
Whether you can successfully change your 30 as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate. But the new paper suggests that if you want long life, you should 31 to be as outgoing as possible.
Unfortunately, another recent study shows that your mother’s personality may also help 32 your longevity. That study looked at nearly 28,000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious, depressed and angry were more likely to feed th