专题14-C、D篇阅读专练(原卷版).doc

中考CD篇阅读
一、细节理解题
1.审题
读题干,确定题目类型。细节理解题的常见设问方式为:
(1)Which of the following is true/false/mentioned?
(2)What does the writer pay the least attention to?
(3)Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.
(4)All of the following statements may be true/false except...
(5)Which of the following is not the result of...?
(6)Which of the following best characterizes the main feature of...?
(7)When/Where/Why/Who/How/What...?
2.解题
(1)用略读的方法通读阅读材料,对原文有一个大概的了解,掌握其主旨。
(2)按文章的体裁,如记叙文、说明文或议论文等及作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example,first,second等预测应该在何处寻找自己所需要的事实。
(3)把主要精力放在寻找自己所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读,眼睛自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直至找到所需要的部分。待找到所需要的部分时,可放慢速度,细读要查找的内容。
【特别提醒】　细节理解题主要是对文中某个短语、句子、段落等细节及事实进行提问,所提问题一般可直接或间接在文中找到,所以解题时务必牢记要忠于原文的上下文及全篇的逻辑关系,决不能主观臆断。
二、主旨大意题
1.审题
读题干,确定题目类型。主旨大意题的常见设问方式为:
(1)What’s the main idea of this passage?
(2)What does the passage mainly tell us?
(3)What does the passage mainly discuss?
(4)The writer means to tell us that　　　. 
(5)The main idea of the passage is that　　　. 
(6)The passage is mainly about　　　. 
(7)From the passage we can learn/conclude that　　　. 
(8)The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with　　　. 
(9)What’s the best title for the passage?
(10)What would be the best title for the passage?
(11)The best title/headline(标题)for the passage is　　　. 
2.解题
(1)中心思想类的主旨大意题
找准全文的主题句是中心思想类的主旨大意题的关键。河北省中考试卷的文章多以演绎型文章为主,即提出观点,然后列举论据,举例说明。故文章多以总分关系为主,所以其主题句的常见位置为首段首句或首段尾句。但也不排除归纳型文章,即列举事例,然后归纳总结观点,所以尾段首句和尾句也要多留意。
(2)标题类主旨大意题
其常见解题技巧有:
①根据主题句确定标题
即先确定好本文的主题句,然后选择和主题句一致的标题。
②根据高频词汇确定标题
通览全文看看哪些关键词出现频率较高,那么就倾向于选择含有这些关键词的标题。
③用好“双向法”
即根据标题内容去推测文章应该具体讲些什么。反过来再根据文本内容去结合标题。两个方向综合考虑,就可以选出正确标题。
【特别提醒】　主旨大意题主要考查对文本中心思想的掌握和理解情况。解答这类试题时,一定不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义,一定要结合主题句去做题。
三、词义猜测题
　　1.审题
读题干,确定题目类型。词义猜测题的常见设问方式为:
(1)What’s the meaning of the underlined word/phrase...in Chinese?
(2)The underlined word...refers to/probably means...
(3)The underlined word...could be replaced by...
(4)What is the meaning of...?
(5)Which of the following words can take the place of the word...?
2.解题
(1)单词释义法
在画线单词后可能会有“—”或“that means.../that is to say...”等表解释说明的句子,这时只要把这句话理解到位,就能顺利猜出画线词的词义。
(2)举例法
在画线单词后可能会有“for example,such as”等引导的例子,这时只要把这些例子读懂,就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思。
(3)代入法
将四个选项逐个代入原文并结合上下文进行翻译,可以结合上下文内容从感情基调、褒义、贬义等角度进行各选项间的对比,这时就能顺利猜出画线单词的意思。
(4)构词法
有时可以结合构词法进行词义猜测,即从合成词、派生词的前后缀、词性和词义的转化的角度去考虑画线单词,这对于猜出画线单词的词义较有帮助。
四、推理判断题
　　1.审题
读题干,确定题目类型。推理判断题的常见设问方式为:
(1)It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the passage that...
(2)Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
(3)The writer suggests that...
(4)The writer uses the example of...to show that...
(5)What’s the writer’s attitude toward...?
(6)What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?
(7)From the passage,we know...
(8)The writer probably agrees that...
2.解题
(1)透过现象看本质
通过阅读文本,透过文章表面文字信息推断文章的隐含意思,领悟作者的思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。
(2)牢记一定以原文为前提
一定要以原文为前提,根据作者的观点(非考生观点),客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予逻辑推理,做出一定解释。
【特别提醒】　推理判断题一定要从作者的角度去考虑,不要固守自己的观点和看法。
中考真题训练
一
People like different colors. Girls always like pink or purple. Boys usually like blue or brown. Why people like different colors? Do you want to know the secrets of colors?Just read on.
People like different colors because of their cultures and countries. For the Egyptians, green is the color that represents the hope and joy of spring. For Muslims, green means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope. Chinese people think red can bring good luck to them in the New Year. In some countries, blue is a symbol of protection. Greek people often wear blue necklaces in order to protect themselves.
People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions toward them. Green is said to be the most relaxing color. It can make people relaxed. Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites. Many restaurant owners will decorate their restaurants with red things. Red is also a color that can catch a person’s eye easily. That is why some shopping websites always have red“BUY NOW”buttons. Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to lose weight, using blue bowls and plates may be helpful.
1.The underlined word“represents”probably means“　　　”in English. 
A.calls for B.stands for
C.cares for D.prepares for
2.Why do many restaurant owners like to use red things to decorate their restaurants?
A.Because red can bring hope and joy.
B.Because red can bring them good luck.
C.Because red can make customers eat more.
D.Because red can catch customers’ eye easily.
3.If you want to eat less, you can use 　　　 bowls and plates. 
A.blue B.red C.green D.pink
4.Which of the following is mentioned in the text?
A.Why the Egyptians like red and blue.
B.What Chinese people think of black.
C.Why shopping websites have red“BUY NOW”buttons.
D.What the most popular colors for young people are.
5.What’s the best title for the text?
A.Teenagers’ favorite colors B.Colors and their symbols
C.Colors and cultures D.The secrets of colors
二
You may know about “junk food” like French fries. But do you know about “junk sleep”?
Recently, a British survey found that electronic products in teenagers’ bedrooms are having a bad influence on their sleep.
The survey was done among 1,000 British kids from 12 to 16. It found that fifty percent of them got just 4 to 7 hours’ sleep every day. But doctors say they need 8 to 9 hours.
Almost a quarter of the kids said they fell asleep more than once a week while watching TV, listening to music or using electronic products.
“This is very worrying,” said Dr Chris Idzikowski, a British professor. “We call it ‘junk sleep’. It means you don􀆳t get enough sleep and the quality(质量) of the sleep is bad, too. If you don􀆳t get a good rest, you can􀆳t perform well in school the next day.”
The survey found that quite a few of the kids felt tired each day, with girls between 13 and 16 feeling the worst. Nearly all the teenagers have a phone, an MP5 or a TV in their bedrooms. And lots of them have all the three.
1.What does this passage mainly talk about?
A.Junk food. B.Junk sleep.
C.Electronic products. D.The importance of sleep.
2.　　　 of the children in the survey sleep only 4 to 7 hours a day. 
A.200 B.250 C.500 D.1,000
3.“Junk food”and“junk sleep”are similar to each other in the way that　　　. 
A.they are both low in quality B.they are both needed in our life
C.they are both enjoyed on weekends D.they are both necessary for people’s health
4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Teenagers need 4 to 7 hours of sleep each day.
B.Few of the teenagers have electronic products in their bedrooms.
C.Teenagers spend too much time on electronic products.
D.Girls between 15 and 16 spend the least time on electronic products.
5.Which should be the best choice to solve the problem?
A.Parents must take the electronic products away from their children.
B.Parents prevent the teenagers from using any electronic product.
C.Teenagers should make a rule to spend less time on the electronic products.
D.Teenagers should make a decision not to use the electronic products at school.

三
What should you do if there’s an earthquake at school? How can you protect yourself when you are caught in a stampede(踩踏)? March 25 this year provides you with a good chance to learn about safety.
This day is called the National Day of Education on the Safety of Elementary and Middle School Students(NDESEMSS)(全国中小学生安全教育日). The theme of the day this year is to give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe.
A survey done by the China Youth and Children Research Center showed that school accidents kill more elementary and middle school students than anything else. The main accidents come from stampedes, earthquakes, fires and sports injuries(伤害).
What can we do to keep ourselves safe? Staying calm(镇静) is the first and most important rule when facing accidents. But different accidents have different self-protection advice.
A stampede is possible anywhere. The larger a human crowd gets, the more likely stampedes become. When students around you begin to push, stand still and try to hold on to something, or stay in a corner until the crowd leaves. If you fall down in a moving crowd, cover your head with both hands.
Earthquakes are common natural disasters(灾难). When you feel the ground shake, drop down, take cover under a desk and hold on. You should stay indoors until the shaking stops. If you are outdoors, don􀆳t stay near buildings, trees or power lines.
When there’s a fire, follow the teachers’ instructions, leave the classroom quickly and use a piece of cloth to cover your mouth and nose so that you don’t breathe in smoke.
1.What’s the theme of NDESEMSS this year?
A.To give students more knowledge about accidents and make them run away.
B.To give students more knowledge about health and make sure they eat healthily.
C.To give students more knowledge about science and make their study better.
D.To give students more knowledge about safety and make sure their lives are safe.
2.What should you do first when accidents happen according to this passage?
A.Keep calm. B.Stand there.
C.Run away. D.Cry loudly.
3.According to this passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A.Car accidents kill the most elementary and middle school students of all accidents.
B.If you fall down in a moving crowd, you can do nothing but wait there.
C.When there’s a fire, you should use cloth to cover your mouth and nose.
D.When an earthquake happens, you should stay near buildings and trees.
4.What’s the best title for this passage?
A.Be afraid of accidents B.How to protect yourself
C.Run away from accidents D.The earthquake is coming
四
A few weeks ago, I participated(参加)in a camping trip at Pitt Lake. I spent three days and two nights there.
It was a new experience for me, so I was both nervous and excited at first. Fortunately, the weather was beautiful, so we got off to a good start. Because there were so many participants—including both instructors(教练)and students—we had one big canoe(独木舟)and one smaller canoe. I chose to be in the smaller canoe with my friend Mitra, but we soon found that this was not a wise choice. In order to keep up with the bigger canoe, we had to paddle(划桨)hard. My arms quickly became sore and my hands became numb(麻木的). To take our minds off the pain, Mitra and I played“20 questions”while paddling. In this game, one person thinks of an object and the other person asks 20 questions to try and work out what the object is. We had a good laugh before we finally arrived at the campsite.
We started a campfire soon after we arrived. At night, we gathered around the fire, roasting marshmallows(棉花糖)and listening to horror stories. Some of the other campers put their wet shoes and socks beside the fire to dry. However, because of the wind, one pair of socks almost caught fire. Everyone panicked(惊慌)—one person got so scared that he fell out of his folding chair. Everyone thought it was pretty funny!
The time flew quickly. Soon, it was time to go back. We were not willing(愿意)to leave and agreed that we would hang out together again sometime soon.
1.The smaller canoe was a bad choice because 　　　. 
A.they fell out of it too easily
B.they had to paddle hard to catch up with the bigger canoe
C.they couldn’t move freely in the smaller canoe
D.it was difficult to control the canoe
2.Mitra and the writer played“20 questions”in order to 　　　. 
A.exercise their brains B.keep a clear mind
C.forget the pain D.make friends with each other
3.They panicked at the campsite because 　　　. 
A.the wind almost set someone’s socks on fire
B.they were scared by a horror story
C.some of the students got lost in the forest
D.one student fell out of his chair
4.How did the writer feel at the end of the trip?
A.Nervous to stay there. B.Unwilling to leave.
C.Excited to go home. D.Tired of taking the trip.
5.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A.The camping trip is a new experience to the writer.
B.They had something to eat when they were around the campfire.
C.The writer reached the campsite by canoe.
D.The writer went to the campsite with her sister.
六
Huawei is firing back against the US-led campaign(运动、战役)to push it out of major markets, insisting it􀆳s still on track to lead the world in the introduction of 5G technology.
Despite efforts in markets creating fear for Huawei, using politics to interfere(干预)with growth, customers continue to trust us and continue to work with us and build networks with our technologies, Deputy Chairman(副董事长)Ken Hu told reporters in the Chinese city of Dongguan on Tuesday.
Hu was speaking during a turbulent period for the Chinese company, one of the world’s biggest makers of smartphones and telecommunications equipment. Its chief financial officer Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under irrational arrest(不合理的逮捕)in Canada, facing possible extradition(引渡)to the United States, and its products are coming under increasing scrutiny from businesses and governments over security(安全)concerns.
Despite decisions this year by Australia and New Zealand to stop wireless operators(无线设备)from using Huawei to build their 5G networks, Hu expressed confidence that the company’s technology is “significantly more advanced”than that of its rivals(对手),giving it a head start of 12 to 18 months and the ability to attract new customers.
1.Huawei is good at 　　　 according to the passage. 
A.producing computers B.international negotiations
C.designing earphones D.5G technology development
2.Ms. Wanzhou Meng’s case will be possible transferred(转移)to 　　　. 
A.China B.the US
C.Canada D.the United Nations
3.The meaning of the underlined word“scrutiny”in the passage is “　　　”. 
A.introduction B.sales
C.admiring D.examination
4.From the passage, we can know that Huawei faces big troubles mainly because 　　　. 
A.Huawei is a leader company in the world
B.Huawei commits a crime against other foreign countries
C.some countries are worried Huawei’s products are not completely secure
D.many countries build networks using Huawei’s technologies
5.What is the best title for this passage?
A.Huawei is still a leader in 5G development although facing troubles.
B.Most foreign countries stop using Huawei’s 5G technology and equipment.
C.Huawei’s CFO Ms. Wanzhou Meng is under arrest in Canada.
D.The advanced and rapid development of 5G technology is made by Huawei.

七
Primary and junior high school students in France will no longer be allowed to use mobile phones in school.
On Dec. 10, France’s Education Minister(教育部长) Jean-Michel Blanquer said that mobile phones will be banned(禁止) from schools in France. This rule will go into effect in Septembe