阅读理解之说明文----2021-2022学年高二期中考试好题汇编(学生版).doc

2021-2022学年高二期中考试好题汇编
Passage 1 （2020·呼和浩特市第一中学高二期中）
Microsoft plans to erase its entire carbon footprint since its foundation in 1975. Microsoft aims to accomplish "carbon negative" by 2030, meaning that it will erase more carbon from the environment than it emits(排放). The company will minimize carbon emissions across its entire supply chain to zero. And the following step is to clean up all the carbon emissions it has produced since 1975, when it was founded. What the company further proposed was that it would try to push for policies to price carbon and help clean energy technology develop faster. It is among the companies that approve of carbon tax.
More attention has been drawn to removing carbon from the atmosphere. There are a variety of methods toward that, including nature-based ones, like planting trees, and technological ones, like capturing carbon directly from the air.
“Microsoft will initially focus on nature-based methods like restoring degraded forests and planting new trees, ”said Lucas Joppa, the company's Chief Environmental Officer. An investment of one billion dollars will also be provided for the development of carbon removal and reduction technology. Microsoft's decision of counting its supply chain's emissions is an extension of its previous commitment to run data centers mainly on the renewable energy.
The company's intention to promote low-carbon policies was highly recognized by environmentalist. “A company's most powerful tool for fighting climate change is its political influence, and we're eager to see Microsoft use it, ”Elizabeth Sturcken, Managing Director of EDF+Business said.
Other industries are also encouraged to follow Microsoft's example. But none of them has such a commitment, according to Gary Cook, senior analyst of Greenpeace. Nevertheless, Cook, together with some other environmentalists, criticized Microsoft for continuously cooperating with oil and gas companies. Amazon's AWS service has faced the same criticism for working with fossil fuel clients.“There's a real disconnection between what they're doing within their own company and their empowering of dirty energy, ” Cook said.
1．What do we know about Microsoft In its “carbon negative” commitment?
A．It will reduce its carbon emissions to almost zero.
B．It will remove all the carbon from the environment.
C．It plans to clean up its previously released carbon.
D．It plans to include its clients in its future campaign.
2．Which of the following approaches will Microsoft apply to reduce its carbon emissions?
A．Collecting carbon tax B．Capturing carbon from the air
C．Exploring renewable resources D．Funding carbon reduction technology
3．What do environmentalists think of Microsoft?
A．They criticize it for its unrealistic promise.
B．They think highly of it for its political influence.
C．They praise it for its push for low-carbon policies
D．They speak ill of it for its partnership with Amazon.
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Health. B．Politics C．Technology. D．Environment.

Passage 2 （2020·广东佛山一中高二期中）
Researchers continue to show the power behind our sense of smell. Recent studies have found, among other things, that the smell of foods like pizza can cause uncontrollable anger in drivers on roads.
The review explains that smell is unique in its effects on the brain. According to Conrad King, the researcher who carried out the review, “more than any other senses, the sense of smell goes through the logical part of the brain and acts on the systems concerned with feelings. This is why the smell of baking bread can destroy the best intentions of a dieter.”
Smell, which decides the unbelievable complexity of food tastes, has always been the least understood of our senses. Our noses are able to detect (察觉，发现) up to 10, 000 distinct smells. Our ability to smell and taste this extremely large range of smells is controlled by something like 1, 000 genes, which make up an amazing 3% of the human genome. Researchers Richard Axel and Linda Buck were together awarded a Nobel Prize in 2004 for their ground-breaking research on the nature of this extraordinary sense. These two scientists were the first to describe the family of 1,000 olfactory (嗅觉) genes and to explain how our olfactory system works.
According to one study in the research review, smelling fresh pizza or even the packaging of fast foods can be enough to make drivers feel impatient with other road users. They are then more likely to speed and experience uncontrollable anger on roads. The most reasonable explanation is that these can all make drivers feel hungry, and therefore desperate to satisfy their appetites.
In contrast, the smells of peppermint and cinnamon were shown to improve concentration levels as well as reduce drivers’ impatience. Similarly, the smells of lemon and coffee appeared to promote clear thinking and mental focus.
However, the way genes regulate (调节，控制) smell differs from person to person. A study by researchers in Israel has identified at least 50 olfactory genes which are switched on in some people and not in others. They believe this may explain why some of us love some smells and tastes while others hate them. The Israel researchers say their study shows that nearly every human being shows a different pattern of active and inactive smell-detecting receptors (感受器).
5．What did Richard Axel and Linda Buck find out?
A．The type of food smells.
B．The logical part of human brain.
C．The nature of human olfactory system.
D．The relationship between food and feelings.
6．Which of the following can help people concentrate?
A．Bread B．Fast food.
C．Pizza D．Coffee.
7．What do we know from the last paragraph?
A．Different people are sensitive to different smells.
B．Every person has a different pattern of genes.
C．Some people can recognize up to 50 smells.
D．There are still some olfactory genes to be found out.

Passage 3 （2020·首都师范大学附属中学高二期中）
When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as entertainment, but certainly not an education priority (优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is beneficial and important for all students.
Music tells us who we are, because music is an expression of the beings who create it, it reflects their thinking and values, as well as the social environment it came from. Rock music represents a lifestyle just as surely as does a Schubert song. The jazz influence that George Gershwin and other musicians introduced into their music is obviously American because it came from American musical traditions. Music expresses our character and values. It gives us identity as a society.
Music provides a kind of perception (感知) that cannot be acquired any other way. Science can explain how the sunrises and sets. The arts explore the emotive (情感的) meaning of the same phenomenon. We need every possible way to discover and respond to our world for one simple but powerful reason:No one way can get it all.
The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.
Science and technology do not tell us what is means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love.
So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.
8．According to Paragraph 1, students________.
A．regard music as a way of entertainment
B．disagree with their parents on education
C．view music as an overlooked subject
D．prefer the arts to science
9．In Paragraph 2, the author uses jazz an example to________.
A．compare it with rock music
B．show music identifies a society
C．introduce American musical traditions
D．prove music influences people's lifestyles
10．According to the passage, the arts and science________.
A．approach the world from different angles
B．explore different phenomena of the world
C．express people's feeling in different ways
D．explain what it means to be human differently
11．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Music education deserves more attention.
B．Music should be of top education priority.
C．Music is an effective communication tool.
D．Music education makes students more imaginative.

Passage 4 （2020·福建省福州高级中学高二期中）
Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone. The Manhattan High Line is different. Raised 25 feet above the ground, this large metal structure once supported a rail line. The line opened in 1934 to bring trains directly into factories. It was hardly used after the 1960s, and much of it was torn down. However, one part remained in a region of Manhattan called Chelsea. Chelsea was becoming high-class as restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly railway structure remained as a dead weight. Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be removed.
But the High Line was not destroyed. In fact, now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city, It holds an elevated park, with beautiful gardens and great views of the city. The idea to turn the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond. In 1999, they attended a meeting to decide how to deal with the High Line. David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure. Later on, when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line, they saw a mile and a hall of wild flower growing in the middle of the city, and they realized that the High Line had potential to become a park. There was growing interest in improving city centers, and so the project quickly developed and money for construction was easily collected.
The first part of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike. Each part of the park has a different atmosphere. Some areas are like balconies(阳台) with wonderful city views. Where the rail line goes between buildings, trees are thickly planed. Other sections have wide lawns(草坪) and walkways planed with wild flowers. Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．Closing a train line. B．Improving city transport.
C．Protection of cultural relics. D．An unlikely place for a park.
13．What does the underlined part “a dead weight” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．something with historical interest
B．something with potential to be better
C．something which is a danger to people
D．something useless which slows progress.
14．Why did David and Hammond originally want to save the High Line?
A．They wanted to reopen the train line.
B．They thought it had historical value.
C．They were interested in improving the city.
D．They thought it would become a good park.
15．Why were people easily persuaded by David and Hammond’s idea?
A．They wanted to make cities nicer places.
B．They wanted to see the wild flowers, too.
C．They knew the project would bring in much money.
D．They realized the High Line was historically important.
16．What can we learn about the High Line from the text?
A．Only part of the line remains.
B．The railway companies still use the line.
C．It began to become popular in the 1960.
D．It was designed by David and Hammond.

Passage 5 （2020·浙江温州市·瑞安中学高二期中）
Feeding bread to the ducks is a fond pastime for many of us, reminding us of our happy childhood trips to the local park. But did you know that bread actually poses a danger to birds, as well as the environment? Eating it can cause our feathered friends to develop a condition called Angel Wing, which is when too much bread makes birds’ feathers grow too quickly. This additional weight puts a strain on their muscles, causing their wings to twist and drop open, and if not treated fast, they can lose the ability to fly.
“Angel Wing can be remedied if we reach birds before it has developed too severely,” says Caroline Simpson, a trustee of UK charity Swan Lifeline, which has rescued and treated more than 30,000 birds over the last 20 years. “Otherwise the consequence can be awful—such as amputations of the wing.” Adult swans can also develop gut and heart disease, so it’s important we do our bit to prevent this by feeding wild birds with the right kind of food.
Bread can also cause harmful changes to the natural ecosystem. Rotting bread at the bottom of rivers and lakes allows bacteria to breed, spreading disease and attracting rats and other vermin to our waterways. It can result in algal blooms and the presence of a mould called Aspergillus too, which has the potential to kill waterfowl and other wildlife if it gets into their lungs.
But this doesn’t mean we have to stop fun trips to feed the ducks. Giving birds the right food—like frozen peas, sweetcorn and lettuce leaves—is good for both them and the environment. So, next time you visit your local park, take a healthier alternative with you and do your bit to protect our precious wildlife.
17．The underlined word “remedied” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.
A．reduced B．expected C．caused D．corrected
18．Which of the following is NOT a consequence of feeding waterfowl with bread?
A．Harmful creatures will be drawn to waterways.
B．Water birds will be overfed and risk losing their bodily functions.
C．The water will be enriched thanks to the nutrients in bread.
D．The eco-balance at the bottom of rivers or lakes will be disturbed.
19．The purpose of writing this passage is to ________.
A．stop people from feeding waterfowl.
B．instruct people how to raise waterfowl.
C．warn people of the danger threatening waterfowl.
D．promote a safe and healthy way to feed waterfowl.

Passage 6 （2020·江苏省沛县中学高二期中）
Thanks to research currently being done ih the field of nanotechnology, it may be possible to cure a disease like cancer using tiny particles(微粒) injected into a person — particles that would not only find the cancer, but also destroy it without harming anything else in the body.
The main thing to know about nanotechnology is that it’s small — really small. The prefix nano refers to a nanometer, which is one-billionth of a meter. How small is that exactly? A comma on a page of a book may be more than half a million nanometers wide.
Researcher Ted Sargent, a leader in the field of nanotechnology, describes how using quantum (量子) dots—particl