2018-2022全国高考真题英语汇编：名词.docx

2018-2022全国高考真题英语汇编
名词
一、单项选择
1．（2021·天津·高考真题）In the lab, keeping things clean and organized can help provide a safer ________.
A．system B．method C．investment D．environment
2．（2021·山东·高考真题）It's time for all countries to work together to reduce air ________.
A．recognition B．reservation C．position D．pollution
3．（2021·山东·高考真题）Mr. Green is a good ________. He is kind to his workers.
A．employ B．employee C．employer D．employment
4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Great improvements in public health have been brought about by ________ in medical science.
A．traditions B．advances C．pressures D．examples
5．（2020·江苏·高考真题）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable ______.
A．reservation B．transformation C．distinction D．submission
6．（2020·天津·高考真题）His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which established his _____________as one of America's greatest writers.
A．trust B．contact C．reputation D．theory
7．（2019·江苏·高考真题）Nowadays the ________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A．priority B．potential C．proportion D．pension
8．（2019·天津·高考真题）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ________ on our lives in many ways.
A．statement B．impact
C．impression D．judgment
9．（2019·天津·高考真题）People believe writing poems provides a through which they can express their feelings.
A．shelter B．source
C．channel D．background
10．（2018·天津·高考真题）Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?
A．loss B．heat C．spread D．defence
11．（2018·江苏·高考真题）【2018·江苏】Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A．assignment B．association
C．acquisition D．assumption
12．（2018·天津·高考真题）【2018·天津】The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
A．advice B．order
C．possibility D．invitation

参考答案
1．D【详解】考查名词。句意：在实验室里，保持物品的清洁和有序有助于提供一个更安全的环境。A. system体系，系统；B. method方法；C. investment投资；D. environment环境。根据常识可知，保持物品清洁有序可以创造更安全的实验环境（environment）。故选D项。
2．D【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A. recognition认识，识别；B. reservation预定，预约；C. position位置；D. pollution污染。根据空前句意可知，空处需用名词pollution，表示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。故选D。
3．C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格林先生是个好雇主。他对工人很好。A. employ雇用，既可以用作动词也可以用作名词；B. employee雇员，职工； C. employer老板； D. employment雇用，职业。根据空后“He is kind to his workers.”可知，空处需用名词employer，表示格林先生是好雇主，对工人好。故选C。
4．B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：医学的进步带来了公共健康的巨大改善。A. traditions传统；B. advances前进，进步；C. pressures压力；D. examples例子。根据上文“Great improvements in public health have been brought about”可知，公共健康的巨大改善是由医学的进步带来的，advances符合语境。故选B。
5．B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多国家的卫生安全系统正在经历重大变革。A. reservation预订；B. transformation改革，变革；C. distinction区别；D. submission提交。根据前文The health security systems可知，此处指“卫生安全系统的变革”。故选B。
6．C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他对乡村生活的生动描述迅速流行起来，这树立了他作为美国伟大作家之一的声誉。A. trust信任；B. contact联系；C. reputation声誉；D. theory理论。根据句意，尤其是greatest writers可知此处用reputation“声誉”符合语境，故选C项。
7．A【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A符合语境。
8．B【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了影响。A. statement陈述说明；B. impact影响，效果；C. impression印象；D. judgment判断。故选B符合语境。
9．C【详解】考查名词辨析。句意：人们认为写诗是他们表达感情的一个渠道。A. shelter遮蔽物；B. source来源；C. channel通道；D. background背景。故C选项正确。
10．C【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们能阻止世界上沙漠的蔓延，拯救人类如此依赖的土地吗?A. loss丢失；B. heat热量；C. spread蔓延；D. defence 防御。由“the world’s deserts and save the land”可知，spread“蔓延”符合句意。故选C项。
11．D【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：试着去理解实际发生的事情，而不是按照你所做的假设行事。A. assignment分配；B. association协会，社团；C. acquisition获得物；D. assumption假设。故选D。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题抓住句中的关键词actually happening（实际发生）和instead of（而不是）可推知，与actually happening相反是“假设”，从而选出正确答案。
12．C【详解】考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命这种可能性总是激励科学家们去探索外部空间。A. advice建议；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀请。故选C。
点睛：本题考查名词辨析。名词和动词及短语的考查是高考重点考查的知识点。本题语法上是一个同位语从句，从句that there is life on other planets in the universe是来解释说明前面所选择的名词。根据常识可以判断，宇宙中其它星球上存在生命只是一种可能性，目前无法证明，从而选出正确答案。
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