初高中英语衔接(bee).doc

第一讲 英语中的词类 （parts of speech）
一. 名词 noun
普通名词 如，foreigner, soap, law
专有名词 如，New York, Lenovo, Tom
考点回顾：
1．单数和复数
　 可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，其主要变法如下：
　（1）一般情况在词尾加_______，例如：book→books， boy→boys，pen→pens, doctor→doctors, orange→______, bridge→_______ .
（2）以s，x，ch，sh，结尾的词加_______，例如： class→classes
box→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes.
（3）以辅音母加y结尾的词变“y”为“i”再加-es,例如：factory→
______, country→________, family→_________。但要注意的是以元音字母加y结尾的名词的复数形式只加___，如：boy→____, day→_______。
　（4）以o结尾的词多数都加____。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，tomato→tomatoes,但词末为两个元音字母的词只加-s。例如：zoo→_____，radio→_______，还有某些外来词也只加-s，例如：photo→______，piano→_______。
（5） 以f或fe结尾的词，多数变f为____再加-es，例如：knife→_______，leaf→_____, half→________。
　　复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。
复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法

情　况
读法
例　词
在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后
_____
cups, hats, cakes
在[s][z][t][d3][F]等音后
_____
glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches, faces
在[b][d][g][v]等浊辅音后
______
beds, dogs, cities, knives
　（6）少数名词有不规则的复数形式，例如： tooth→_____，foot→______， mouse→______, an Englishman →two_________, German→_______, a woman doctor→two ___________.
　　有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但也有fishes指________, waters 指________.
（7）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police, cattle, staff 等.
（8）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。例如 an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk。
　（9）还有些名词仅有复数形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses, the Olympics。
　（10）只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：
　　 科学名词：physics, mathematics/maths
　　 专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls，
　　 其他名词：news, falls
e.g. The 2012 Olympics _____________(在举行) in Lundon. (held)
The pair of trousers _____________(已经修补好了). (mend)

2．不可数名词“量”的表示方法
（1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any，等表示多少，too much完成下列句子。
　　The rich man has __________ money．
　　There is _______ milk in the bottle．
　　Is there _______ water in the glass？
　　I don't like winter because there's ________snow and ice．
3. 名词所有格
10分钟的路程___________ 教师节_____________ 一张中国地图 _______________ 一满勺子汤_____________ 两杯水 ___________ 我父亲的一个朋友 __________________ 两英镑的价值 ____________ 一条船的长度 ________________

二. 冠词 article
不定冠词 a/an e.g. 一次机会________ 一本有用的书__________ 一个双人房间____________ 一个诚实的人_______ 一次展览____
定冠词 the 第一个学生_________ 最美丽的女生____________ 奥运会_____________ 这座房子_________ 那个人__________ 那些电视节目__________ 这些花儿_________ 月亮_________ 春节 _________
1．--- Where have you been, Tim?
　 --- I’ve been to ______.
　A. the Henry house B. the Henry family
　C. The Henry’s home D. Henry’s
2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.
　A. food B. lunch C. breakfast D. dinner
3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .
　A. three times B. a third time C. the third time D. once
4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?
　 --- Certainly.
　A. some bottles of waters B. some bottles of water
　C. some bottle of water D. some bottle of waters
5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.
　A. tooth B. feet C. hand D. ear
6．There is some _______ on the plate.
　A. cakes B. meat C. potato D. pears
7．In England, the last name is the _______ .
　A. family name B. middle C. given name D. full name
8．They are going to fly _______ to Beijing.
　A. Germen B. Germany C. Germanys D. Germans
9．The______ has two _______ .
　A. boys; watches B. boy; watch C. boy; watches D. boys; watch
10．The little baby has two _______ already.
　A. tooth B. tooths C. teeth D. teeths
11．What’s your _______ for being late again?
　A. idea B. key C. excuse D. news
12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.
　　--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.
　A. woman and children B. women and child
　C. woman and child D. women and children
13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.
　　--- Thanks.
　A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESS HOURS
　C.THIS SIDE UP D.NO SMOKING
14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?
　A. Children’s Day B. Childrens’s Day
　C. Childrens Day D. Children Day
15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?
　A. the Room 406 B. Room 406 C. the 406 Room D. 406 Room
【练习答案】
1.D 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.B

二. 代词 pronoun
人称代词 主格：
宾格：
形容词性物主代词：
名词性物主代词：
反身代词：
疑问代词：
关系代词:
不定代词：
三. 数词 numeral(省略)
【演练】
1. Tom, Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.
A. you B. me C. him D. her
2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. ---You want ________ sandwich?
---Yes, I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______.
A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs
5. ---Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?
---______________, thanks. I’d like a cup of tea.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
6. ---Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.
---Never mind. You can have ________.
A. us B. ours C. you D. yours
7. ---Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?
---_______ is OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
8. ---How are you going to improve _______ this term?
---Work harder than last term.
A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself
9. ---Could you tell me _______ she is looking for?
---Her cousin, Susan.
A. that B. whose C. who D. which
10. ---Is _______ here?
---No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.
A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody
11. Paul has _______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
12. If you want to book a round-trip ticket, you’ll have to pay ______ $ 30.
A. more B. other C. the other D. another
13. ---Do you live by yourself, Mr Wang?
---Yes. I have two sons. But ______ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America?
A. neither B. both C. none D. either
14. ---Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?
---No. _______ of them can use a computer.
A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All
15. Who taught _______ English last term? Was _____ Mr. Smith?
A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that
16. ---That woman has a bag in her right hand. What’s in her _____ hand?
A. another B. other C. one D. the other
17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of _______.
A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves
18. ---Is there a bus to the zoo?
---I’m afraid there’s _______ bus to the zoo.
A. no B. any C. some D. none
19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have _______.
A. me B. my C. mine D. myself
20. This is ______ classroom. Where is _______?
A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs
【练习答案】
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.A 11.C 12.D 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.C

第二讲 形容词、副词
四. 形容词 adjective
1. 形容词的用法
(1) 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：
Our country is a beautiful country. （__________）
The fish went bad. （__________）
We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （________）
(2) 形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,形容词放在名词后面。
　 I have ______________(重要的事情) to tell you.
(3) 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。
　 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting.
　 You can take any box away, big or small.
3. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
(1) 两个人或事物的比较时（不一定每一方只有一个人或一个事物），用比较级。
　　 Our teacher is taller than we are.
　　 The boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class.
(2) most 同形容词连用而不用 the,表示 "极,很,非常, 十分"。
　　 It's most dangerous to be here.
　　 在这儿太危险。
(3)“The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级...”表示“越... 就越...”。
　　 The more you study, the more you know.
　(4) “形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级”, 表示 “ 越来越...”。
　　 It's getting hotter and hotter.
　(5) 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。
　　 This box is as big as mine.
　(6) the + 形容词，表示某种人。
　　 He always helps the poor.
　(7) 形容词和副词最高级用于三个或三个以上的人和物进行比较。
　　 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.
五. 副词 adverb
2. 副词的用法
(1) 副词在句中可作状语,表语和定语。
He studies very hard. （_______）
Life here is full of joy. （________）
When will you be back? （________）
副词按其用途和含义可分为下面五类：
1)时间副词
时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如：
He often comes to school late.
What are we going to do tomorrow?
He has never been to Beijing.
2)地点副词
地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如：
I met an old friend of mine on my way home.
He went upstairs.
Put down your name here.
3)方式副词
方式副词一般都是回答“怎样的？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 它们与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如：
The old man walked home slowly.
Please listen to the teacher carefully.
The birds are flying high.
He runs very fast.
4)程度副词
程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如：
Her pronunciation is very good.
She sings quite well.
I can hardly agree with you.
5)疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。它们也可以用作关系副词，引导_______。
例如：
How are you getting along with your studies?
Where were you yesterday?
Why did you do that?
(2)副词在句中的位置
1)多数副词作状语时放在________。如果动词带有宾语，则放在______。例如：
Mr Smith works very hard.
She speaks English well.
2)频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。例如：
他通常早起。（usually） ____________________________
我从未听到他唱歌。（never）___________________________
她极少生病。（seldom）________________________________
3)程度副词rather, very, enough 的区别。例如：
It is a rather difficult job.
He runs very fast.
He didn’t work hard enough.
程度副词very 与much的区别
She is a very nice girl
I’m feeling much better now.
They did not talk much.
【演练】
1．There are many young trees on sides of the road.
　 A. every 　B. each 　C. both 　D. all
2．--- It’s so cold today.
　 --- Yes, it’s than it was yesterday.
　 A. more cold 　B. more colder 　C. much colder 　D. cold
3．Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone.
　　A. more　 B. a little　 C. many 　D. few
4．She isn’t so at maths as you are.
　 A. well　 B. good　 C. better　 D. best
5．Peter writes of the three.
　 A. better　 B. best　 C. good　 D. well
6．He is enough to carry the heavy box.
　 A. stronger　 B. much stronger　 C. strong　 D. the strongest
7．I bought exercise-books with money.
　 A. a few; a few 　　B. a few; a little
　 C. a little; a few D. a little; a little
8．The box is heavy for the girl carry.
　 A. too; to　 B. to; too　 C. so; that　 D. no; to
9．The ice in the lake is about one meter . It’s strong enough to skate on.
　 A. long　 B. high　 C. thick　 D. wide
10．Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting.
　 A. so 　B. much 　C. very D. too
11. Jone looks so _______ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test.
A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily
12. The smile on my father’s face showed that he was ______ with me.
A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry
13. ---Mum, could you buy me a dress like this?
---Certainly, we can buy ______ one than this, but ______ this.
A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as
C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as
14. ---This digital camera is really cheap!
---The ______ the better. I’m short of money, you see.
A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive
15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _______ as possible.
A. often B. long C. hard D. soon
16. Paul has ______ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.
A. many B. some C. few D. more
17. English people _____ use Mr. Before a man’s first name.
A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes
18. ---One more satellite was sent up into space in China in May.
---Right. The government spoke ______ that.
A. highly for B. high of
C. well of D. highly of
19. ---Remember this, children. ______ careful you are, ______ mistakes you will make.
---We know, Miss Gao.
A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more
C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less
20. I have ________ to do today.
A. anything important B. something important
C. important nothing D. important something
【练习答案】
1.C 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.B

第三讲 动词 verb
六、动词分为 实义动词
助动词
情态动词
及物动词
不及物动词
动词的时态与语态变化

谓语动词的时态与语态表
翻译：
1. 他每天早上七点离开家去学校。
2. 上海位于中国东部。
3. 哥伦布证明的确是圆的。
4. 一旦你有问题，我会帮助你。
5. 我过去常去那条河钓鱼。
6. 我将尽全力赶上那些尖子生。
7. 将会有一次军训等待着我们。
8. 妈妈，我来了。
9. 学生们正准备考试。
10. 上个月他们在建一座房屋。
11. 当我们到达车站的时候，他们已经等了我们两个小时。
12. 我告诉他我会在车站与他告别。
13. 动动脑子，你就会有办法。
14. 到目前为止，我已经学了5年英语。
15. 孩子们昨天晚上被照料得很好。
16. 这些食物尝起来不错。

非谓语动词的三种基本形式：___________________
一、to do
I. 动词不定式在句子中的作用
1. 动词不定式作主语：
To master a language is not an easy thing.
It's my pleasure to help you.
2 动词不定式作宾语：
某些及物动词可以用动词不定式作宾语，这些动词有decide, begin, help, begin, want, wish, like, forget, learn, ask.
What I wish is to learn English well.
I like to help others if I can.
3 动词不定式作宾语补语 。
We expect you to be with us.
Please ask him to come here quickly.
4 动词不定式作表语 ：
What I should do is to finish the task soon.
5 动词不定式作定语：
There are many ways to solve the problem.
6 不定式作状语：
We went to the hospital to see our teacher.
She is making a test to get a kind of useful medicine from a Tibet flower.
II. 动词不定式的否定形式：
The teacher told us not to swim in that river.
III. 带疑问词的不定式：
疑问词Iwho, what,which,when, where, how, why 可以加在不定式的前面，构成不定式短语，使含义更加具体。
Where to go is not known yet.
I don't know when to begin.

Do you know how to get to the station.
IX. 动词不定式的时态：
动词不定式一般时：表示动作和句中谓语动词的动作同时发生或之后发生。
I helped him put the things into the car.
Would you like to have a rest.
动词不定式完成时： 表示动作在句中谓语动词的动作之前发生。
We are sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
They seems to have known the answers.
动词不定式进行时：表示动作同句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，强调动作正在进行。
They seem