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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本幻灯片资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据，如有不当之处，请参考专业资料。谢谢,英语大全,英语历程,学习英语悲欢离合,第1页,句子结构,S,主语,v,谓语,O,宾语,C,补语,A,状语,结构式,(,定语,),主语,（状语）,谓语,（定语）,宾语,（状语）,(The tall),boy,(often),go to,(the big),zoo,.,(The happy),child,went,(his),home,(yesterday),第2页,英语基础,pron.,代词,pre.,介词,n.,名词,v.,动词,adv.,副词,vi.,不及物动词,vt.,及物动词,adj.,形容词,art.,冠词,num.,数词,第3页,SV,主谓,SVO,主谓宾,SVC,主谓补,SVA,主谓状,SVOO,主谓宾宾,SVOC,主谓宾补,SVOA,主谓宾补,S,主语（主体）,惯用（,n.num.pron.,）,V,谓语（,S,之后）,(,行为或状态,),惯用（,V,）,O,宾语（动宾和介宾）,惯用（,n.pron.,）,定语（说明和限制名词）,惯用（,adj.,）,状语,惯用（,adv.,）,第4页,动词时态,普通时,现在时,完成时,完成进行时,现在,works,work,am working,is working,are working,have worked,has worked,have been working,has been working,过去,worked,was working,were working,had worked,had been working,未来,shall work,will work,shall have worked,will be working,shall have worked,will have worked,shall have been working,will have been woking,过去未来,would work,would be working,would have worked,would have been working,第5页,定冠词使用顺口溜,特指、重提和唯一，岛屿、海峡和海湾；,海洋、党派、最高级，沙漠、河流与群山；,方位、次序和乐器，年代、团体与机关；,船名、建筑和组织，会议、条约与报刊；,姓氏复数、国全名，请你记住用定冠；,第6页,In,film Cast Away,Tom Hanks plays,man named chuck Noland.,A a;the B the;a C the;the D a;a,B.,第一个空,film,前用定冠词修饰，表示特指这部电影；,不定冠词与可数名词单数连用表示泛指,误区警示,本题同学易误选,C,，认为普通名词后有过去分词或介词短语作定语时通常表示特指，需要定冠词修饰，但该题中,man,在句中表示泛指“一个,.,人”故用不定冠词修饰,Many people have come to realize that they should go on ,Balanced diet and make room in their day for exercise,A a;/B the;a C the;the D/;a,A,可能部分学生看到,diet,前有形容词修饰，需用,the,修饰表示特指，看到,room,便认为表示”房间“意思，结果照成答案误选。所以做有冠词题目时，一定首先判断其名词是可数还是不可数；其次判断该名词在句中表示特指。,Diet,为可数名词，在文中首次提到，故用不定冠词修饰；,Make room for,为习惯搭配 故选,A,项正确,第7页,零冠词,月，季，星期，节假、周、头衔、职务前、三餐、球类、惯用语、学科、棋类名词前，普通不用任何冠词,第8页,名词就是表示人，事物，地点，现象及其它抽象概念等名称词，它分为普通名词和专有名词。普通名词分为可数名词与不可数名词；专有名词是指详细人物、地点、组织、机构、国家或地域名词等，,名,词,普通,名词,可数,名词,个体名词,Worker,工人,bus,公共汽车,集体名词,Group,组,class,班级,不可数,名词,物种名称,Air,空气,water,水,抽象名词,Music 音乐 friendship 情谊,专有,名词,Bill Gates,比尔盖茨,china,中国,The party,共产党,第9页,可数名词单复数普通来说，不可数名词只有单数形式，可数名词有单数和复数形式。当可数名词数量大于,1,时，就用复数形式，可数名词由单数变为复数时，有规则与不规则两种,规则改变,6,条规则,1.,普通在后面加,s,如,deskdesks,，,penpens,2.,以,s x ch sh,结尾名词 在后面加,es,。如,bus-buses boxboxes brushburshes watchwatches,但,stomachstomachs,3.“,以辅音字母,+y”,结尾名词,y,变为,i,加,es,如,bady-badies,婴儿,country-countries,等,4.,常见以,f,或,fe,结尾名词，如,thief life wife shelf self knife half leaf wolf,等 把,f,或,fe,改为,v,再加,es,其它不用 如,safe roof belife gulf chief,等直接在后面加,s,第10页,以,f,或,fe,结尾改为,v,加,es,巧妙记忆,树叶半数,自己黄，,妻子自己,去割粮。,架,后窜出一只,狼,，,就像,小偷,逃命忙。,leaf-leaves,树叶,Half-halves,半数,Self-selves,自己,Wife-wives,妻子,Shelf-shelves,架子,Wolf-wolves,狼,Thief-thieves,小偷,5,，,以元音字母,+y,结尾名词直接加,s,Boys toys,玩具,days,以辅音字母,+y,结尾名词,把,y,变为,i,加,es,Factory-factories country countries,story-stories,Citiy-citities,第11页,6.,以,o,结尾名词,1.,两人,+,两物 （加,es,）,即 黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿,Negro hero potato tomato,2.,其余 加,s,结尾,第12页,不规则改变,五,种规律,1.,含,man,词 普通变为,men,2.,将,oo,改为,ee,有,foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese(,鹅肉 笨蛋,),3.,以,en,结尾有,child-childen ox-oxen,4.,将,ouse,改为,ice,mouse-mice louse-lice,5.,单复数 同形是,sheep deer fish aircrft(,飞机,),means,（方法）,works,（工厂）,swiss japanese chinese,第13页,人称代词主格和宾格及对应,be,动词,(zhuge),人称,pron,只能作主语,I,he,she,it,we,you,they,人称,代词主格,我,他,她,它,我们,你,/,你们,他,/,她们,am,is,is,is,are,are,are,主格,I,he,she,it,we,you,they,宾格,me,him,her,it,us,you,them,第14页,代词分类（,pron,）,代词定义：代词就是代替,名词或形容词,词或代替起名词作用短语或句子词,代词分为：人称代词 物主代词 反身代词,指示代词 就是表示,这个 那个 这些 那些 如此,等概念代词,（,this that these such,）,相互代词 表示,相互关,系代词 （,each other one another,）,疑问代词 用来组成,特殊疑问句,起名词作用代词,（有,who which what whose whom,）,连接代词 引导,名词性从句疑问,代词 （,who whom whose what which,Whoever whosever whatever whichever,）,关系代词,引导定语从句,who whom whose that which as,等代词,替换词 未来防止重复出现前面已经出现名词,（惯用,it one that those,）,第15页,背景知识,英国国家人们之间称呼和我国习惯相差很大，值得我们研究一下，以免在交往接触中使用不妥。,对于几个或更多成年男子，可尊称他们为,gentlemen,意为,“,先生们,”,对于一名不著名男子可称为,gentlemen,或,sir,不过不宜单独用,Mister,这个字来称呼他，因为这是小孩子或较低微人口吻，对于已知其姓氏男子，可在他姓（,family name,）前冠以,Mr,，如,Mr.Smith,但不要在他名前冠以,Mr,，如,Mr jack.MR.,为,Mister,缩写。比如说，,George Smith,和,Michal johnnson,两个人，在刚才认识时候能够互称,Mr.smith Mr.johnnson,，在比较熟悉时候 能够互称对方名（,first name,）,即,george michal.,按英国国家习惯，妇女婚后都用丈夫姓。一个已婚妇女全名是以自己名（,frist name,）加上丈夫姓（,family name),女性 未嫁是 用,Miss,已婚,Mrs,第16页,There is still a copy of the book in the library,will you go and borrow_?,No,Id rather by_ in the bookstore.,A it;one B one;one C one;it D it,；,it,答案,A.it,特指上文提到同名同物，普通指代可数名词单数；,one,用来指代前面出现可数名词单数，表示泛指概念，相当于,a/an+,可数名词单数,区分二者关键所指代名词在句中表示特指还是泛指；若表示特指上文提到可数名词单数，就用,it,反之则用,one,We had picnic last term and it was a lot of fun,so lets have _ one this month.,A the other B some C another D other,C antoher,表示“又一，再一”，常与可数名词单数名词连用；,the other,表示（二者中）另一个；,some,指不确定 某一个；,other,表示三者或三者以上“其它”,第17页,替换词,that one/ones it those,区分,1.that,用来代替前面提到单数或不可数名词，不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语，其后总有修饰语，相当于“,the+,可数名词单数,/,不可数名词。”,the book on the desk is better than that under the desk.,桌上那本书要比桌下那本书下面那本好得多,The weatheris in beijing is much colder than that of Nanjing in winter.,冬天北京天气要比南京冷得多,2.one,用来指代前面 出现可数名词单数，表示泛指概念，相当于“,a/an+,可数名词单数”；,ones,用来指代前面出现可数名词复数，也表示 泛指概念,I lost my watch and I want to by one next week.,我手表丢了，打算下周再去买一个。,Susan gave me many valuable presents,ones that I had never seen.,苏珊送给我很多宝贵礼品，那些礼品我以前从来没有见过。,第18页,知识拓展,1.ONE,能够和,this,或,that,连用，但不能和,these,或,those,连用，除非,ones,前有形容词修饰。,2.the one,相当于,that;the ones,相当于,those,3.it,特指上文提到同名同物，不能带任何修饰语。,A bird landed on my window.It chirped and danced.,一只小鸟落在我窗台上，又唱又跳。,4.those,惯用来代替可数名词复数，相当于,the ones,其后常有定语修饰,The conditions are like those in the spaceship.,环境和真太空船一样。,第19页,不定代词,the other;other;another;,和,others,区分,1.the other,指 代单数可数名词时，表示二者中“另一个”,Disney was famous for his two cartoon character;,One was Mickey Mouse,the other was Donald Duck.,迪斯尼以两个卡通人物著称，一个米老鼠，另一个是唐老鸭。,there are two books on the desk.One is Lilys,the other is Lucys.,课桌上有两本书，一本是莉莉，另一本是露西。,2.Other,在句中不能单独使用，修饰可数名词复数 “（另外）一些”表示泛指,I have no other shoes.,我没有其它可穿鞋子,We should not speak ill of other people behind their backs.,我们不能在他人后面说他们坏话。,第20页,3.Another,普通表示单数，其后可接可数名词单数；不过其后有 数词或,few,修饰，则接复数名词,I have finished the novel.Please give me another.,这本小说我已经看完了，请再给我一本。,We need another ten days to finish it.,我们还需要十天才能完成,知识拓展,1.,与,some,对比使用时，惯用,others,不用,the others,。,some cleaned the windows,others mopped the floor.,有擦窗户，有擦地板。,2.“any other+,可数名词单数”表示“,(,一定范围）任何一个”；,“,another+,数词,+,复数可数名词”表示“在原有基础上需要更多数量东西”；,Tom is taller than any other student in his class,汤姆比他们班任何一个学生都要高。,We still need another three chairs for the meeting.,会议还需要三把椅子,第21页,4.others,表示复数意义，相当于“,other+,名词复数”,不能做定语；,The others,相当于”,the other+,名词复数“。,译为 另一些 其余,真题,we had picnic last term and it was a lot of fun.So lets have_ one this month.,A the other B some C another D other,注：,another,表示”又一，再一“意思，常与可数名词单数连用；,the other,表示”（二者中）另一个“；,some,指不确定”某一个“；,other,表示三者或三者以上中”其它“。,区分,other,，,the other,others,和,another,使用方法关键点是：在,other,前使用定冠词，表示”剩下”不用冠词时表示其它“；,Others,后 不能再接名词；,Another,表示”三者或三种以上中另一个。,第22页,列表记忆英语中“三三两两”,词义,指两个人或物,指三个或以上人或物,每一个,each,every,任何一个,either,any,另一个,the other,another,都,both,all,都不,neither,none,在,之间,between,amonge,第23页,-Which driver was to blame?,-Why,，,_!It was child,s fault,clear and simple.He sudddenly came out between two parked cars.,A both B each C either D neither,注,D,从题意看出，事故与两位司机都无关，所以用,neither,表示二者全部否定，其它选项都表示必定意义。,误区警示：本题解题关键就在于对题意了解，学生恨轻易误选,C,项，不过,either,表示,”,二者中任何一个,“,，侧重必定方面，,与,it was the child,s fault.,不符 故 排除,真题一个,第24页,介词使用介词是一个表示词与词，或者词与句之间关系,介词种类,1.,简单介词,at in off on by to with,等,2.,合成介词,into inside within throughout,等,3.,短语介词,according to;because of.In addtion to,in front of,in spite of,等,4.,二重介词,from behind;from aamong;until after;at about;,等,第25页,时间名词前介词使用方法口诀,年、月、周前要用,in,日子前面却不行。,碰到几号要用,on,，早晨、下午又是,in.,要说某日上下午，用,on,换,in,才能行。,午夜、黄、黎用,at,周末用它也不错。,At,用在时刻前，,past,加、,to,要减、,多说多练认真学，莫让岁月空蹉跎。,知识拓展,to,也能够与表示方位名词连用，表示在某一地位区域之外某个地方，即 不属于该范围内。,England lies to the west of France.,英国位于法国西部。,第26页,John became a football coach in Sealion Middle School_ the beginning of March.,A on B for Cwith D at,D at the beginning of,意为”在,.,之初“,.at,用来表示时间点，可用于表示星期、年、月、学期、季节等名词前。,误区 学生轻易选,A,，认为,on,常与表示时间名词连用，但,on,惯用于表示详细某一天早晨，下午或晚上名词前；,for,后常接表示时间段名词。,真题一个,第27页,in/by/after/since/for/beyond,表示时间区分,in+,时间段,常表示未来某段时间，即,”在,.,时间之后,“，句中谓语动词必须表示,未来,，和必须是延续性动作,We will meet again in two weeks.,两周后我们还会见面。,By+,时间点 常意为”截止到,”,，句中时态惯用,完成时态,This factory had produced more than one million cars by the end of last year.,到去年年底，这家工厂已经生产了一百多万辆小汽车。,After+,时间点,表示”某刻之后“；,after+,时间段 表示”过去一段时间后“,After supper we went out to go to the movies.,晚饭后我们去看电影了,第28页,-When has the country been open to the international trade?,-,1987,I suppose.,A Since B In C From D After,答案解析,A since,后跟时间点，表示从过去某一时间点一直到现在，与完成时态连用,第29页,Since+,时间点,表示时间普通延续到说话时间，因而往往与现在完成时连用。,I have lived here since two years ago.,两年前我就已经住在这里了。,for+,时间段,修饰句子惯用完成时态或完成进行时态，表示从过去某个时间点到说话时一直延续动作或行为。,I have lived in this city for more than 10 years.,我在这个城市已经住了,10,多年。,Behyond+,时间点,常意为”（时间）过了，比,晚 迟于“,Dont stay out behyond midnight.,不要在外面带到午夜以后。,第30页,副词（,adv,）（普通做状语）,形容词（,）副词（,地）（,adj,与,adv,是可转化）,副词定义：类似形容词词 ，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。,He speark English better than I,他英语比我说好,He doesnt run faster than his brother,他没他妹妹跑得快。,Marry dances as well as kate,玛丽跳舞和凯特一样好,The taller of the two boys is my brother,两个孩子中较高一个是我哥哥,含义,结构,表示A超出B,A+,谓语,+j.v.,比较级,+than+B,表示,A,不如,B,1.A+谓语否定式+jv比较级+than+B,2.A+谓语+less+jv+than+B,3.A+谓语否定式+so（as）+jv+as+B,表示,A,与,B,同等程度,A+,谓语,+as+jv+as+B,越,.,越,越来越,The+,比较级,the+,比较级,比较级,+and+,比较级,二者中较.一个,The+,比较级（,+of+the+two+,名词）,第31页,形容词与副词,多个形容词修饰同一名词是排列次序（形容词往往作定语）,副词往往作状语,巧妙记忆,限定描绘大长高，形状年纪和新老。,颜色国籍出材料，,作用类别,往后靠。,大长高,+,形状 年纪,+,颜色 国籍 材料,+,作用类别,如,A few big round black new wooden Freench tables,几张新大而圆法国黑色木桌子。,The last few unforgettable sunny days on the bach.,在海滩度过令人难忘最终几个阳光明媚日子,第32页,AS,短语小欢,As long as,达,.,之久 只要,As many(much)as,与,.,一样多 多达,As well as,与,.,一样好 又 而且,As well,又，另外 也,As soon as,一,.,就,As.as.,（用于比较级）像,.,样,As yet,到现在为止,As good as,几乎,第33页,There be,结构,在英语里表示什么地方或什么时间存在某人或某物，句子结尾往往带有地点状语和时间状语,be,单复数采取 就近标准,there,是引导词本身并没有意义,There be,（谓语）,+,主语（,N,）,+,状语,There was a meeting yesterday,昨天有一个会议,There is a pen,two books and many pencils on the desk.,桌上有一支钢笔，两本书和许多铅笔。,比较,there are two books,a pen and many pencils on the desk.,第34页,There be,与,have,比较,（,1,）,.,使用方法不一样：,there be,表示某个时间或地方“存在某人或某物”,而,have,表示主语“拥有”某人或某物，作宾语某人或某物属主语全部,（,2,）,.,结构不一样：,there be+sb/sth+,时间,/,地点,(,副词或介词短语）,sb/sth+have+sb/sth,如,there are some children in the garden.,花园里有几个孩子。,she has three cars,她拥有三两小汽车。,(,汽车是属于她）,说明】,:,若是属于部分与整体关系时，有时用两种表示方式都能够。如：,A week has seven days.=There are seven days in a week.,一周有七天,含有,there be,固定句型,there be+,名词或代词,+to do,（,+,介词）有某事要做,there is time when,有做某事一段时间,第35页,虚拟语气,用过去式表示虚拟语气,1.,与现在事实相反,;,条件句谓语动词用普通过去时（,be,普通用,were,）,主句谓语用”,would/should/could/might+,动词原形“如,If I were you,I would never do that.,假如我是你，我决不做那件事。,If I had more money.I would buy a car.,我要是有在多一点钱，我就买汽车了。,2.,与未来事实相反：条件句中谓语可用普通过去时 或者”,were to/should+,动词原形”,主语谓语用”,would/should/could/might+,动词原形“,如,if it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would not go there.,3.,与过去事实相反：条件句中谓语动词用,过去完成时，,主句谓语,用”,would/should/could/might+have+,过去分词,如,if he,had taken,my advice,he,might,not,have,made such a bad mistake.,要是他当初听从我劝说，他就不会犯这么严重错误了。,第36页,若寻条件语句中有,were,should,had,时，,可省略,I f,，将,were,had,should,移致主语前,如：,were I you,I would never do that.,If I were you,I would never do that.,Should it rain tomorrow,I wouldnt go there.,If it should rain tomorrow,I wouldt go there.,Had it not been for Margaret,I might not have understood.,第37页,条件从句动词,结果主句动词,实例,与现在事实相反,;,条件句谓语动词用普经过去时（be普通用were）,主句谓语用”,would/should/could/might+,动词原形“,if I were you,I would never do that.假如我是你，我决不做那件事。,If I had more money.i would buy a car.我要是有在多一点钱，我就买汽车了。,与未来事实相反,条件句中谓语可用普经过去时 或者”were to/should+动词原形”,主语谓语用”,would/should/could/might+,动词原形“,如,if it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow,I would not go there.,.,与过去事实相反,条件句中谓语动词用过去完成时,主语谓语用”,would/should/could/might+,动词原形“,如 if he had taken my advice,he might not have made such a bad mistake.,要是他当初听从我劝说，他就不会犯这么严重错误了。,第38页,Must,表示猜测时能够对现在、过去或未来来进行猜测，其否定形式不是,mustnt,而是,cant,对现在猜测惯用“,must+,动词原形”结构，表示一定。,You must be tired after your long journy.,你走了这漫长路一定很累。,1.,对可能,正在进行,行为或,未来,猜测惯用”,must be doing”,结构。表示“一定正在”。,2.,对,过去发生,事情进行猜测惯用“,must have done“,或”,must have been doing”,结构。,知识拓展,第39页,基数词,1-20,基数词,One two three four five six s,even,eight nine ten el,even,twelve,thir,teen,Fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty,注：,13-19,数字，是由,3-9,加后缀,-teen,10-100,十位数为,Ten twenty,thir,ty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety hundred,数字,21-29,是由十位数,20,加个位数,1-9,组成，中间必须有连字符，如：,Twenty-one(21)twenty-two(22),其它十位数字依这类推，如,Thirty-three(33)forty-five(45)sixty-seven(67)seventy-two(72),Eighty-nine(89)ninety-six(96),第40页,数序转化,一二三单独记,Onefirst,Two-second,Three-third,八去,t,，九除,e (th),Eight-eighth,Nine-ninth,五，十二中,f,变,ve (th),Five-fifth,Twelve-twelfth,整十基数变序数,y,改为,ie (th),第41页,分数与小数 概括,(1),先用基数词读分子，再用序数词都分母，分子大于,1,时，分母要复数形式序数词。,（,2,）较为复杂复数用,over,特殊分数结构,one half,小数,1.25,one point two five,第42页,表示倍数,（,1),倍数,+as+,形容词或副词,+as,如：,This bridge is three times as long as that one.,这座桥是那座桥三倍长。,（,2,）倍数,+,形容词或副词比较级,+than,如：,this bridge is three times longer than one,这座桥是那座桥三倍长,（,3,）倍数,+the size/length/weight.+of+,比较对象。如：,This bridge is three times the length of that one,这座桥是那座桥三倍长,（,4,）倍数,+what,引导从句。,The college is twice what it was 5 years ago,这是大学是它,5,年前五倍大。,第43页,完型填空,4,个显著特点,（,1,）短文特点。以故事较强记叙文或者夹叙夹议文体为主，篇幅在,300,词左右以内，难度低于阅读了解中短文，普通来讲，故事类文字情节多有波折，结尾出人意料，经常幽默所在，包袱所在,;,议论文段结构严谨，层次分明，句中有许多,“对仗”,现象。,（,2),设空特点。短文第一句通常不设空，考生经过它能够快速确定文章主题和故事发生背景，把握文章发展方向。,（,3,）选项特点。同一题四个均属于同一词类或同一语法形式，而且往往都和设空前后单词形成某种搭配，这便形成了很强迷惑性和干扰性，其区分在于语境意义不一样，有时单独看那一句，可能用那一个选项都正确，没有语法错误，但依据文章总体了解和上下文语境只有一个语意正确选向。,完型填空解题技巧,第44页,定语从句概述,（,1,）在复合句中，修饰某一名词或某一代词从句叫作定语从句，被修饰名词或代词叫作先行词，从句在先行词之后由关系副词或关系代词 引导，如：,the story that you read is The Rescue.,你读故事叫,营救,she is the girl who got the first prize,她就是那个得了第一名女孩,第45页,定语从句引导词,引导定语从句引导词可分为关系代词,that which who,和关系副词,where when,，放在 先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又做定语从句成份,怎样使用关系代词和关系副词是依据先行词及其在从句中所充当打得成份确定,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，如,My brother who lives in New York has six children,我住在纽约那个弟兄有六个孩子。（限制性定语从句,可能还有其它弟兄）,My brother,who lives in New York,has six children.,我弟弟有六个孩子，他住在纽约（非限制性定语从句，只有这一个弟兄）,第46页,关系代词概述,在 先行词指代,句中 对像,所作成份,人,事物,人,+,事物,是否可省略,作主语,who/that,Which/that,that,不可省略,作宾语,Whom/that,Which/that,that,可省略,作定语,whose,Whose/of which,不可省略,第47页,关系代词普通使用方法,先行词是人，在从句中作主语用,who,或,that,，,作宾语用,whom who,或,that,作定语用,whose,先行词是物，在从句作主语或宾语都用,which,或,that,作定语,of which,或,whose,在大多数限制性定语从句中,which whom who,都可用,that,代替。关系代词作宾语时常被省略 如：,This is the man who helped me yesterday.,这就是昨天那个人（作主语）,The teacher(who/whom/that)you want to see is coming.,你要见老师来了（作,see,宾语，能够省略）,I met a boy whose father was an astronaut.,我认识一个其父亲是宇航员男孩。,(,作定语）,第48页,Here is the coat which/that will be made for you.,这是一件做给你衣服。（作主语）,This is the factory(which/that)we visited last year.,这就是我们去年参观工厂。（作,visited,宾语，可省略）,He has a book whose cover,（,=the cover of which)is very beautiful.,他有一本封面非常漂亮书。,第49页,关系副词普通使用方法,关系副词有,when where why,在定语从句中作状语，表示时间、地点、和原因。,When,先行词通常是,time day season age occasion,等时间名词；,Where,先行词通常有,place city town village house case situation scene,等地点或时间名词；,Why,先行词只能是,reason,。,关系副词,when,和,where,有时可用“介词,+which”,代替，,why,可用,for which,代替 如：,there are occasion wh
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