Home-Decoration-明清家具的英文介绍.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Ming Furniture,1,The Furniture in the Ming Dynasty generally refers to the furniture from the Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty with good materials,fine craftsmanship,and beautiful design.,2,Made of thick timber,the simple painting table has,straight aprons and the apron-head spandrels in,cloud shape.During the Ming Dynasty,there are,many varieties of tables,roughly divided into flat-,edged tables and flanged tables.The function of,these tables varies with their size and quality.,3,Throne-shaped Dressing Table,The boards,on the sides,and back are,decorated,with beast,designs.,The dressing,table has five,drawers,with,the surfaces,embossed,With folding,flowers.,4,The armrests and the back of,the throne are,clothed with,carved,designs like,phoenixes,turning back and hornless dragons looking up,which encircled and support the bronze mirror at its center.,5,Folding Armchair with Curved Back,A curved back was popular in folding armchairs of the Ming Dynasty.The armrest and joints are all clothed and clinched with copper ornaments that add to its firmness.It was likely made in the second half of the Ming Dynasty.,6,Making full use of the natural characteristics of the hard wood,the Ming dynasty style furniture is characterized by the,simple design,precise structure,proper decoration,and,elegant textures,which constitutes its natural and lingering charm with elegance and profundity.Therefore the furniture made in later generations with the above characteristics is referred as“Ming Style Furniture”in general.,7,Due to its profound cultural value,the furniture in the Ming Dynasty is attached with great importance in Chinas craftwork history along with the lacquer works in the Qin and Han Dynasty and the gold and silver ware in the Tang Dynasty.,8,Qing-style Furniture,9,Qing-style furniture,different from Ming-style furniture,emerged at the early period of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing dynasty and matured at the late years of his reign,with a time span of about 40 or 50 years.,10,The Qing style furniture is noted for being,profound and solemn,.It is featured by its extensive use of materials,increased sizes and plump postures,rich variety and diversity.The furniture can be decorated with ivory carving,bamboo carving and lacquer carving and embedded with patterns made of wood,bamboo,stone,china,mother-of-pearl.The decorative patterns use various homophonic names of auspicious words.For example,Ruyi Jade,(玉如意),inserted in a treasure bottle means Safety and Fortune;the combination of magpies and plum blossoms represent Eye Twinkle with Joy.,11,12,13,14,The formation of the Qing-style furniture,was closely related to the social,atmosphere of the Qing dynasty.It,represents the magnificence of the,Manchus unification of the nation and their,pursuit of wealth and luxury.,15,Duobaoge(Treasure Box),16,Duobaoge is a kind of furniture that emerged and flourished in the Qing Dynasty.It is simple and,unsophisticated,elegant and pretty-looking in style,concise,natural and vivid in structure,lucid and smooth in lines.,17,Duobaoge is universally acclaimed as one of the furniture types that possess the strongest feature of the Qing Dynasty furniture.,18,Qing chairs used to be,known by the,ambiguous term,taishiyi.The taishiyi is,defined differently in,various regions and at,different dates.,19,20,Chinese Ming and Qing Furniture,Chinese Ming furniture,is known for its,simple and elegant design,with,fluent lines,and,appealing proportions,.,Qing furniture,is,larger,than that of the Ming Dynasty and,more imposing,with,elaborate carving and inlaid decoration,.Both types are prized for their,fine materials,special workmanship and high artistic level,.,21,Home Decorations,Pottery,Lacquer ware,Cloisonne,ware,22,Pottery,Pottery may be,the oldest artwork,of human beings,Development,:,Neolithic Age,(more than 8,000 years ago),people began mixing clay and water then baking it until it held its shape,Warring States Periods Han Dynasty,the art and,culture of pottery thrived,.,23,Terra-cotta warriors and horses,24,25,characters:,The Qin terra-cotta warriors and horses were not only big in size,but made exquisitely with high technology and vivid images,The height of the terra-cotta warriors varies from 1.78 metres being the shortest to 1.97 metres being the tallest,The lightest is 110 kilograms and the heaviest 300 kilograms,26,Yellow,green,and white as its major tones,Created in the Northern and Southern Dynasty(1,400 years ago),The best one:pottery camel,Tricolor glazed pottery,27,Assimilated the advantages of Chinese,painting,sculpture,and,stone carving,.,Two process:,bake,glaze.,Mainly divided into,pottery tomb-figures,and,daily commodities,28,唐三彩抱狗仕女甬,29,Porcelain,Shang Dynasty,primitive porcelain,Han,Dynasty,Celadon&Black Porcelain,Tang,Dynasty,Pure White Porcelain,Song,Dynasty,Ru Kiln(汝窑),Jun Kiln(钧窑),Guan Kiln(官窑),Ge Kiln(哥窑),Ding Kiln(定窑),30,This is a typical representative of the primitive porcelain.The vessel has a bell-shaped mouth,long belly and thin waist,with a curl foot and without shoulder.,primitive porcelain,31,The body of the vessel is solid,regular designed with even thickness.Blackish yellow glaze coated the vessel both inside and outside.The glaze is closely connected with the roughcast(毛坯)of the vessel.Light gray roughcast can be seen at the bottom of the vessel,for no glaze coated there.The decoration lines on the outer surface of the vessel are plain but elegant.This celadon vessel is collected by the Shanghai Museum.,32,Celadon Plate,Celadon Cup,Celadon(,青瓷,),is a type of grayish-green glaze,is the earliest type of porcelain and first emerged in the mid-Shang Dynasty 3500 years ago.,33,Celadon Pendants,34,Pure White Porcelain,35,汝窑天蓝桃形小盘,汝窑遗址,A body of sky-blue interspersed with rose purple.,36,天青釉瓷盏托,钧窑遗址,钧窑莲花型,37,官窑遗址 官窑名壶,It was made from Chinese clay with a fairly high iron content.,38,哥窑百福瓶,哥窑四面双耳扁瓶,It is featured by crackles of varying sizes on the vessels surface.,39,定窑遗址,宋定窑-极品-玉壶春瓶,40,Differences between pottery and porcelain,41,There are many kinds of painted pottery in a wide range of,China:,Type Banpo in shanxi province in Yangshao Culture(仰韶文化时期的半坡型),Type Miaodigou in Henan province in Longshan Culture(龙山文化时期的庙地沟型）,Qujialing Culture,Dawenkou Culture(屈家岭文化，大汶口文化时期）,Tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty,(唐朝的唐三彩）,Painted Pottery,彩陶,42,半坡型,43,庙地沟型,44,屈家岭型,45,大汶口型,46,唐三彩,47,Differences between pottery and porcelain,比较方面,陶器,瓷器,原料,粘土,瓷土,烧结温度,8000-10000,1200-1300,施釉,除釉陶外，一般不施釉,表面都施釉,成型后特点,密度较小，不透光，有一定吸水性,基本不吸水，有一定透光性。,48,Lacquer Ware,漆器,Lacquerware,are objects decora,tively covered with,lacquer.The lacquer is sometimes inlaid or carved.Lacquerware includes boxes,tableware,buttons and even coffins painted with lacquer in cultures mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.,49,Lacquer ware is created by applying lacquer to wooden objects to give it a fine finish and luster.,Evidence indicates that,originally,lacquering was used to coat common objects like furniture,and personal items like earrings and combs.This type of lacquering was more functional in nature,as the lacquer added sturdiness and smoothness to the objects.,50,Early pieces were in simple red and black.During the,Warring States Period(476 BC-221 BC)to the Han,Dynasty(206 BC-220),lacquer ware popularity,peaked demonstrating exquisite techniques and vivid,patterns such as animals and clouds.,51,Lacquer and producing lacquerware had been known to the Chinese since at least the Shang Dynasty(c.1600 BC c.1046 BC)era in China.This can be seen in the existing lacquerwares produced,mostly of,ritual cups,dishes,and,wooden boxes with,a lacquer finish across,the surface.,Song Dynasty Lacquerware Tray,52,These are Chinese Western Han(202 BC-9 AD)era lacquerwares and lacquer tray unearthed from the 2nd-century-BC Han Tomb No.1 at Mawangdui,Changsha,China in 1972.,Overall Height:5cm;,Length:78cm;Width:48cm.,53,Lacquer relics excavated in the Mawangdui Han Tombs which have a history of over 2,000 years,amaze visitors with their pearl-like sheen.The Yuan,Ming and Qing dynasties were also prosperous periods during which time more than 400 varieties of lacquer ware were used as common implements and as ornaments.,54,Chinese Mother of Pearl Lacquer Box with Peony DecorMing Dynasty,16th Century,Museum fr Lackkunst,Mnster(Germany),Chinese Mother of Pearl Lacquer Box with Peony DecorMing Dynasty,16th Century,Museum fr Lackkunst,Mnster(Germany),55,Graved Red Lacquer BoxQing Dynasty,Museum fr Angewandte Kunst,Frankfurt am Main,(Germany),56,Lacquer box with children,from Qianlong period,Qing Dynasty,1736-1795,from National Museum of China,Beijing,PRC.,57,Beijing lacquer,58,Chengdu,lacquer,59,Yangzhou lacquer,60,Pieces made in,Yangzhou are famous,for their elegance and,delicacy and the,unique creative,technique-whorl,filling(Dianluo in,Chinese)which takes,shells as material,processes them into,sheets as thin as,cicada wings,and,pastes them carefully,onto lacquer bodies.,61,Fuzhou Lacquer,Fuzhou lacquer wares,firm yet lightweight,are,resistant to heat,acid,alkali and electricity.,62,With this process,people even inset treasures like crystal,jade,pearls and coral onto lacquer furniture,tea wares,and writing brushes.Pingyao,an ancient town in Shanxi Province,produces lacquer ware which features the luster polished by craftsmens palms.This simple but radiant artwork ranks as the most refined.,63,The bodiless lacquer ware,64,of three nested coffins that fit one into the other.All sides,(except the bottom)are decorated with 72 interlaced,serpentine dragons and an equal number of mythical bird,creatures.(From the Hubei Provincial Museum).,A Chinese lacquered,coffin from the ancient,State of Chu,dated to the 4th century,BC.This coffin is actually the innermost coffin,65,Cloisonne is a famous traditional enamel,(珐琅,瓷釉),ware,known as the,Blue of Jingtai,in China,with a history of over 500 years.,But do you know why did it get this name?,Cloisonne Ware,66,It was so called because blue was the typical color used for enamelling and Jingtai was the reign title of the 7th Ming Emperor.,Enamel ware became very popular during the Emperor Jingtais reign.There is a great variety of products,such as vase,jar,bowl,plate,box and ash-tray.They are brilliant in colors and splendid in design.,Cloisonne Ware,67,The first step is,base hammering,.,The second step is,copper-wire curving,.,The third step is,soldering,焊接.,The fourth step is to apply the color which is known as,enamel filling,.,The fifth step is,enamel firing,.,The sixth step is,polishing,.,The seventh step is,gilding,镀金,.,CLOISONNE-MAKING,68,钟,69,70,茶壶,71,Words and Expressions,陶器 彩陶 赤陶 唐三彩,瓷器 青瓷,漆器 脱胎漆器 金器镶嵌漆器,72,Words and Expressions,陶器Pottery 彩陶painted pottery,赤陶terra cotta,唐三彩tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty,瓷器porcelain 青瓷celadon,漆器lacquer ware 脱胎漆器bodiless,金器镶嵌漆器inlaid gold,73,