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校训:求是创新 自强不息 家兴教育文化艺术学校 Practice makes perfect.
Module 3 My First Ride on a Train
第一部分:单词
.means n. 经常用作 pl.(pl是什么意思?). a method or way 方法,方式(属单复数同形)
例句:The quickest (方法、方式)of travel is by plane.
All means have been tried.=Every means has been tried.
-Can I have a look at your stamp collection?
- By all means.(当然可以)
拓展:mean v. 意欲,打算; adj. 卑鄙的,吝啬的 她是一个吝啬的人。 .
mean to do sth.打算做……; mean doing ……意味着……(此处因联想所学过的既接不定式又接动名词的动词)
mean to have done sth.=had meant to do sth. 原打算做某事实际未做。
我原本是要把家庭作业写完的。 .
短语:(易出现在高考题的短语辨析中) by all means 当然;务必 by no means 决不;并没有
the means of transport 交通方式; by means of 用,依靠
refer to
a. 提到;说起
例句: Don’t refer to that matter again.
b. 参考;咨询;查资料
例句: If you don’t know what this means, refer to the dictionary.
c. 有关; 针对
例句: The new law doesn’t refer to land used for farming.
d. 提交……作决定或采取行动
例句: You should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.
短语:(查阅字典)
refer to /turn to the dictionary
look sth. Up in the dictionary
refer to sth./sb.提到……,意指……,涉及……
refer to …as …将……称为……
When it comes to …当谈及/提及/涉及……时(此句可用在写作中)
例句:Some people may know little about basketball , but when it comes to the Litte Giant Yao Ming , they must be familiar with him.
ride vt.& vi. & n. 乘;骑;搭乘(ride, rode, ridden)
a. 用作名词:
go for a ride in a car 乘车出去兜风。
Can I have /take a ride on your bike?我可以骑你的自行车吗?
What a ride!多棒的旅程啊!
b. vt.&vi.
He jumped on his horse and rode away.
Can you ride a horse?
注: ride 用于骑马、骑自行车时,常用作及物动词., 即ride a horse; ride a bike;用于乘公共汽车时、乘火车时,常用作不及物动词.,即 ride on a bus; ride on a train.
drive vt.&vi. 驾驶;用车送;驱赶;迫使;飞跑;猛冲
drive 表示“驱使,迫使”,后面接宾补{to do ;adj.; adv; prep phra(介词短语) 不用现在分词}
短语:
drive sb. mad. 使某人发疯;drive off/out 赶走;
drive sb. away 把某人赶走;drive sb.into a corner逼得某人走投无路
ride/drive辨析:
ride-乘。可以乘车辆,也可以乘其他工具(如马、自行车等);指车辆时,是乘车而不是开车。
drive-驾驶,驱赶。宾语为车辆时,意为“驾驶”,是别的东西时,意为“驱赶”。当两者用作名词,表示一段车程时无区别,如:an hour’s ride=an hour’s dirve
词汇拓展:distance
c.n.&u.n. 距离;间距
c.n.&u.n 远方;远处
u.n. (空间或时间的相距)
u.n.(人际关系的)冷淡,疏远
例句:. A good cyclist can cover distances of over a hundred miles a day.
At a distance of six miles you can’t see much.
Distance is no problem with modern telecommuciations.
短语:
in the distance 在远处;在远方
from the distance 由远处
at a distance 在稍远处,在一定距离处
keep one’s distance from sb. /sth. 与某人/某物保持一定的距离
keep sb. at a distance 与某人保持一定距离
distance learning 远程教育
distant adj.遥远的
.Get off 下车
a. get (sb.) off (使某人)出发
b. get off sth. 下班;不再讨论某事
c. get sth. off 邮寄某物;从某物上移去某物
例句:We got off immediately after breakfast.
Her finger was so swollen that she couldn’t get the ring off.
I usually get off at 6:00 p.m..?请翻译
短语辨析: get on 上车 get around 传播 get away 逃离,离开办
get over 爬过,克服;熬过 get in 进入;收获;收(税等); get rid of 除掉,摆脱
get through 通过;做完;看完 get up 起床,起身 get along/on with 进行;进展;与……相处
get across 使……通过,(使)被理解
.more than: over 超过;仅仅
例句: Judging from his appearance, he is more than 40.
not more than 与 no more than 辨析
not more than 不超过,顶多,相当于≤;no more than仅仅,只有,相当于=。
其它有关more than的短语:
more …than… 与其说……倒不如说…… 例句: He’s more mad than stupid.说他笨,不如说他疯了。
no more … than… 与……同样不……(表示前后比较对象程度相当)
the more …, the more…越……就越……
more or less 或多或少
.scenery, scene, view(考试中常考的词汇辨析)
Scenery-为自然风景的全称,常用来描述静态的乡村景色/
例句: The scenery of the country is not beautiful.
scene-指某一特定环境呈现的景色,多半包含人的动作。
例句: a happy scene of children playing in the garden.
View-属scenery的一部分,也就是从某处所见的情景。
例句: There’s no view from my bedroom window except for some factory chimneys.
After that,…..
that 常“承上”;this 常“启下的”
例句: That’s the end of the news.
The reason is this.理由如下。
.be short for 为……的缩写; in short 简言之,总之
PRC is short for the People’s Republic of China.
My name is Johnson, but my classmates always call me John in short.
短语: be short of =lack 缺乏……;短少; to be short 简单地说,简言之
go short (of) 欠缺,缺少 cut… short 使……中断,打断,阻止 run short (物品)不足,短缺
.not … any more=no more ; not … any longer=no longer
not … any more=no more表动作不再重复出现或做某事的次数不再增加,多与瞬间动词连用。
例句: You will not see him any more.
not … any longer=no longer表动作不再延续或时间上不再延长,多与延续性动词连用。
例句:She doesn’t live here any longer.
the 1920s 20世纪20年代
请注意时间表达法:
the 1830s 19世纪30年代 the 60s 60年代 in her 80s 在(她)八十多岁的时候
.speed v.&n.
speed by 迅速过去 speed up 加速 at speed 迅速 at full/top speed 全速
at a /the speed of …以……的速度
.30-kilometre journey 30千米的行程
30-kilometre是合成形容词。合成形容词只作前置定语,用于所修饰的名词前,结构是:
数词+单位词单数+形容词(long/wide/high/tall/deep/old)+被修饰的名词,其中合成形容词的各词语之间要有连字符,而且单位词要用单数。如:
A five-year-old boy 一个5岁的男孩
A 200-metre-long bridge 一座200米长的桥
A 500-metre-wide river 一条500米宽的河
.Seaside n.海滨(特指游泳场、休养地的海边、河滩)。
例句: We’re taking the children to the seaside on Sunday.
coast 海岸(海、陆相接之线)
例句: Looking down the plane, we can see the coast.
beach海滩(相对平坦,宜于游泳、日光浴等)。
例句: I like lying on the beach enjoying the sunbath.
shore海滨(笼统地指平坦或陡峭的岸边)。
例句: He often walks on the shore collecting shells.
bank河流、湖泊的岸或堤。
.for the first time 第一次,在句中作状语。
例句: They were in Beijing for the first time.
the first time 第一次,后面跟从句。
例句: This is the first time that I have ever been abroad at all.
. my first visit to …我第一次去……参观,此处visit为名词。
Pay a visit to …拜访……,参观…… be on a visit to…在访问……
.at kindergarten 上幼儿园(名词前不加冠词,表示抽象意义)。
.Downtown adv. (美国英语)在城镇的中心区
例句: I went downtown to do some shopping today.
adj. (城镇的)中心区的,商业区的
a downtowm office 城市商业区的办公室
Other phrases:
At/in school 上学 go to school 上学 in the school 在学校
in prison 坐牢 in the prison 在监狱
at table 在吃饭 at the table 在桌旁
come from等于 be from on a train in the middle of
great meals cooked by experts look like
Look out of at midnight try doing
trained camels allow sb. to do sth.
语法部分:动词的–ed form过去分词作定语
分词是动词的一种非限定形式,主要起构成形容词和副词的作用,共有两种形式,一种是现在分词(-ing),一种是过去分词(-ed).现在分词一般有主动的意思,过去分词一般有被动和完成的意思,以下主要是过去分词作定语的几点用法。
(1)及物动词的过去分词单独用作定语,表被动。
例句: moved students drowned people used paper a broken cup developed countries
(2 )个别的过去分词(多由不及物动词构成)只表示完成,不表示被动。
例句: fallen leaves. / returned students. 归国留学生。
(3)某些动词的过去分词作定语,既可作前置定语,又可作后置定语,但含义不同。
例句: The method used( 被采用的) is very efficient./ This is a used(用过的)book.
The book given(给) to him is an English novel.
We will be meeting at a given(特定的) time and place.
(4) 有些过去分词己经失去了被动意义, 相当于形容词作定语,表示主语所处的一种状态.常用来修饰人。
也可以修饰物,这类被过去分词所修饰指物的名词大概有两类:
a.指人发出的声音: voice , shout , scream , cry 等;
b.指人的面部表情: face, look , expression , smile 等;
可用来修饰的过去分词有:
disappointed, puzzled, surprised, excited, satisfied, frightened, pleased, trembled, discouraged 等
a frightened look 惊恐的神态
a frightening look 吓人的神态
a pleased smile (自己感到)满意的微笑
a pleasing smile 令人愉快的微笑
2.过去时态的表达及用法
一般过去时表示(1)过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作), (2)过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。
I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。(1)
例句:He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了。
一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,如:yesterday, last week, in 1993, at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when 等等。
句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。
例句: Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?)
Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。)
When did you have it? 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。)
I had it about ten minutes ago. 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。
Used to do something 表示过去常做而现在已经停止了的习惯动作。
例句:I used to work fourteen hours a day. 我过去常常一天干十四个小时。
注意:
①在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。
② 表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时
这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。
例句:The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.
那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。
③ 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always,never等连用。
例句:Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella. 彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。
(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)
Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.
彼得太太老是带着伞。
(说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)
I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。
(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)
④ 如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do
例句:He used to drink. 他过去喝酒。
(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)
I used to take a walk in the morning.
我过去是在早晨散步。
(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)
I took a walk in the morning.
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(只是说明过去这一动作)
I took a walk in the morning .
我曾经在早晨散过步。
(指是说明过去这一动作)
⑤ 有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!
I didn't know you were in Paris.
我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)
I thought you were ill.
我以为你病了呢。
(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)
辨别正误
Li Ming studied English this morning.
(把此句变为一般疑问句)
( )1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?
(动词应该用原形)
( ) 2. Does Li ming Study English this morning?
(时态应该用过去时态)
( ) 3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?
(应该用一般动词,而不是be动词)
( ) 4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning?
(在过去发生的动作。)
一般过去时的形式
第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称用were。
行为动词的过去式有两类,一类是规则动词,另一类是不规则动词。to have: 各人称,单、复数一律用had。
肯 定句
否 定 句
be
I /He/She/It was...
I/ He /She/It was not ...
We/You/They were...
We /You/They were not...
have
I /He/She/It/ We/You/They had...
I/ He /She/It/We/You/They had not(有) ...
I/He/She/It/We/You/They did not have (吃/喝/进行...)…
行为动词
I /He/She/It/ We/You/They studied…
I/ He /She/It/ We /You/They did not study…
一般疑问句
简略回答
be
Was he/she/it...?
Yes,he was.(No,he wasn’t.)
Were we/you/they...?
Yes,you were. (No,you were not)
have
Had I/he/she/it/you/we/ they...? Did I/you/he... have...
Yes,you had.(No,you hadn’t.)
Yes,you did.(No,you didn’t.)
行为动词
Did he/she/ it/ we/you/ they study..?
Yes,you did.(No,you didn’t.)
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