增词法和减词法.pptx

一、为了保证语法结构的完整一、为了保证语法结构的完整：代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需代词：汉语中有许多没有主语的句子，英语则一般需要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增要主语。另外汉语中很多名词前都没有代词，需要增补。补。1大作收到，十分高兴。大作收到，十分高兴。I am very glad to have received your writing.2没有调查就没有发言权。没有调查就没有发言权。He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.3把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。把这些故事看完以后，用你自己的话讲一遍。After you have read these stories,tell them in your own words.4 我们响应了祖国的号召。我们响应了祖国的号召。We responded to the call of our motherland.连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译连词：汉语重意合，英语重形合，把汉语翻译成英语时，要适当增加连词。成英语时，要适当增加连词。1.虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。Modesty helps one to go forward,whereas conceit makes one lag behind.2 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。So long as green hills remain,there will never be a shortage of firewood.3送君千里，终有一别。送君千里，终有一别。Although you may escort a guest a thousand miles,yet must the parting come at last.介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得介词：英语中的介词比汉语中活跃得多。多。1我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。我们应该逐步消灭城乡差别。We should try to eliminate the differences between town and country.2你白天还是晚上飞广州？你白天还是晚上飞广州？Do you fly to Guangzhou in the daytime or at night?3那我们山脚见吧。那我们山脚见吧。Lets meet at the foot of the hill.冠词：冠词：1他们不把他们不把Penny当老师，而当作朋友。当老师，而当作朋友。They considered Penny not（as）a teacher but(as)a friend.2我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得我们对问题要作全面的分析，才能解决得妥当。妥当。We must make a comprehensive analysis of a problem before it can be properly solved.We cannt solve a problem properly without making a comprehensive analysis.Only when we have made a comprehensive analysis of a problem can we solve it properly.二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。二、为了保证译文意思更加明确。文中暗含的意思：文中暗含的意思：1大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。大家都知道朝鲜战场是艰苦些。Everyone knows that life on the Korean battlefield was rather hard.2要提倡顾全大局。要提倡顾全大局。We should advocate the spirit of taking the whole situation into consideration.It is advocated that we 添加注释性的词语：添加注释性的词语：1班门弄斧班门弄斧Show off ones proficiency with the axe before Luban,the master carpenter.Show off ones skills with the axe before an expert carpenter.2三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮(顶个诸葛亮）。顶个诸葛亮）。Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.The combined wits of three blinds equal that of Huge Liang,one of the masterminds.3.这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。这对年轻夫妇并不相配，一个是西施，一个是张飞。This young couple is not well-matched,one is a Xishi,-a famous Chinese beauty,while the other is a Zhangfeia well-known ill-tempered brute.增加概括性的词语增加概括性的词语 1.结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。结婚大办酒席，实在可以免去了。The practice of giving lavish feasts at weddings can well be dispensed with.2.也许您忘记了月份的购货帐还没有也许您忘记了月份的购货帐还没有结算。结算。Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that your account for July purchases has not yet been settled.Omission一、重复出现某词（排比句中）一、重复出现某词（排比句中）1俘虏望望沈明，又望望其他的人，没有说下去。俘虏望望沈明，又望望其他的人，没有说下去。Looking at Shen Ming,then at the others,the prisoner of war fell silent.The prisoner of war looked at Shenming and then the others.He did not keep on talking.2我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，我们必须坚持社会主义道路，坚持人民民主专政，坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。坚持共产党的领导，坚持马列主义和毛泽东思想。We must adhere to the socialist road,the peoples democratic dictatorship,the Communist Partys leadership and Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought.3.质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。正电，也不带负电。A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge,but a neutron has neither.4.郭末若同志曾说：郭末若同志曾说：“中国人民历来是勇于探中国人民历来是勇于探索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。索、勇于创造、勇于革命的。”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of China have always been courageous enough to probe into things,to make inventions and to make revolution.”Comrade Guo Moruo once said,“The people of China have always been courageous in exploration,innovation and revolution.”二、原文中表示范畴的词：二、原文中表示范畴的词：1.我们必须培养分析我们必须培养分析问题，问题，解决解决问题问题的能力。的能力。We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve the problems.2.多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业多年来那个国家一直有严重的失业现象现象。For many years,there has been serious unemployment in that country.3.这些新型汽车这些新型汽车速度速度快，快，效率效率高，高，行动行动灵活。灵活。The new cars are fast,efficient and handy.4.前途前途是是光明光明的的，道路，道路是是曲折曲折的的。While the prospects are bright,the road has twists and turns.PracticeA.加字加字粗活粗活heavy manual labor臭豆腐臭豆腐Strong smelling preserved beancurd/(stinking toufu)交通畅达交通畅达Have good transport and communication network.我们畅谈了整整一夜。我们畅谈了整整一夜。We talked the night over,freely and to our hearts content.B.减字减字他笨手笨脚的。他笨手笨脚的。He is very clumsy.你应丢掉不切实际的幻想。你应丢掉不切实际的幻想。You should cast away any illusions.小说的情节错综复杂，引人入胜。小说的情节错综复杂，引人入胜。The plot of the novel is intricate and fascinating.祖国的前途光辉灿烂。祖国的前途光辉灿烂。Our countrys prospects are magnificent.C.意译意译现在形势大好。现在形势大好。The situation is excellent.大好时机大好时机the golden opportunity大干大干Go all out大白菜大白菜The Chinese cabbage他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信。他给多愁善感的玛丽写了封信。He wrote a letter to the sentimental Mary.大学生大学生 现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一中馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一中内疚感。内疚感。一想到白天什么事都没干，心理就感到一想到白天什么事都没干，心理就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。为一个全面发展的人。现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他现在大学生的学习压力相当重。除了大四，他们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，们开始找工作了，其余的学生总是忙于学习，而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育而不愿参加校园团体和俱乐部，不愿参加体育锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，锻炼和其他课外活动，不愿与他们的朋友玩玩，不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。不愿关心和学习没有关系的事。College students now bear heavy academic pressure.You will find them-except seniors who are beginning to look for a job-always too busy in studies to join campus organizations,too busy to take part in sports and other extracurricular activities,too busy to share the interests of their friends,and too busy to pay attention to anything that is not connected with their studies.总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，总之，他们就像一个机器人。压力大，时间少，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，功课多。看到同寝室里的人都上图书馆去学习，到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就到深夜闭馆才回，而自己却去看电影，他们就会有一中内疚感。会有一中内疚感。In short,they have become nothing but a robot.They are under pressure to do too much work in too little time.If their roommates are studying in the library until it closes at midnight while they go to a movie,they will feel guilty.一想到白天什么事都没干，心理就感到一想到白天什么事都没干，心理就感到不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习不安，会整夜因此睡不着觉。他们学习太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，太紧张，几乎没有时间好好品尝生活，干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。干些其他事，成为一个全面发展的人。The very idea of doing nothing during the day will make them uncomfortable and sleepless all night.They study so hard that they have hardly had time to savor life and to pursue other interests to grow as well-rounded people.