大学英语写作语法总结.doc

写作语法总结

1． 时态问题：
四种时态：一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时，一般将来时
一般现在时：第三人称单数，例如：
兼职工作对一个人的将来的事业有深远的影响。
Taking part-time jobs exerts profound impacts on one’s future career. 发挥，运用，表现
国际旅游业促进经济发展。
International tourism promotes the economic development.
现在进行时：表示逐渐的过程
is developing rapidly/dramatically.
现在完成时： 表示结果，一般表示变化大，发展了。注意常用搭配：
In recent years, In the past decades…
最近几十年期间，世界发生了巨大的改变。
In the past decades, dramatic changes have taken place in the world.
最近几年，科技极大的改变了人们的生活。
In recent years, technology has reshaped people’s life.

犯罪率急剧上升。
The crime rate has increased sharply.

一般将来时：will do
电脑将会在教育过程中起越来越关键的作用，但是它们绝对不能在教室中取代老师的地位。
Computers will play an increasingly critical role in education, but it is not possible that they could replace teachers in the classroom.
2． 语态问题：主动为主，搭配被动。
常见被动语态结构：be done
Am, is, are done
Is being done进行时的被动语态
Have/has been done
Will be done
Priorities should be given to education.
Priority n.
3． 词法问题：
名词： 泛指的名词要用复数，不加冠词。不可数名词用原型。
Students are encouraged to memorize rather than to think.
People are under intense pressure and some even suffer from severe depression.
动词： 动词主要分为：实义动词，系动词，助动词，情态动词
Be
感官动词（seem, feel）
Seem reasonable, feel abandoned
Do, does, did,
Has, have, had,
Will, shall
Can do
形容词：要注意多样化，多使用并列形容词：
高分形容词：

32

1. Pleasant and enjoyable多姿多彩的,
2. boring, exhausting and stressful无聊的，繁重的, 压力大的
3. isolated, unsociable and depressed孤立的，不善于社交的，和抑郁的
4. addictive 上瘾的
5. aggressive 有上进心的
6. balanced 平衡的
7. compatible 兼容的
8. complicated 复杂的
9. confident 自信的
10. corrupt 腐败的
11. cutting-edge 尖端的
12. delicious 美味可口的
13. demanding 要求高的
14. detrimental 有害的
15. eccentric 古怪的
16. economical 节俭的
17. enlightened 开明的；文明的
18. evil 邪恶的
19. exotic 异国的
20. fashionable 时髦的
21. feasible 可行的
22. flexible 灵活多样的
23. fruitful 有成效的
24. glamorous 富有魅力的
25. gorgeous 辉煌的
26. humane 人道的
27. Be ignorant(of) 无视的；无知的
28. impressive 令人印象深刻的
29. incompatible 不和适宜的
30. indifferent 冷漠的
31. indispensable 不可或缺的
32. inexhaustible 取之不尽的
33. infectious 传染性的
34. influential 有影响力的
35. inhumane 不人道的
36. innocent 多管闲事的
37. instructive 智力的
38. intellectual 智力的　　
39. interpersonal 密切的
40. irreparable 不可弥补的
41. loyal 忠诚的
42. luxurious 奢侈的
43. mature 成熟的
44. misleading 误导的
45. misrepresented 不如实叙述的
46. money-oriented 向钱看的
47. nourishing 有营养的
48. old-fashioned/out of date 过时的
49. perilous 危险的
50. permissive 宽容的；许可的
51. pornographic 色情的
52. potential 潜在的
53. practical 实际的；务实的
54. pressing 紧迫的
55. prevailing 占主导地位的；流行的
56. professional 专业的
57. prosperous 繁荣昌盛的
58. psychological 心理上
59. rational 理性的
60. reverse 相反的
61. rewarding 值得的
62. ridiculous 荒谬的
63. rigid 严格的
64. rough 粗略的
65. shabby 破旧不堪的
66. sheltered 受保护的
67. sociable 好交际的
68. sole 唯一的
69. stern/strict 严格的
70. stressful 有压力的
71. stylish 时髦的
72. superficial 表面现象的
73. tempting 吸引人的
74. time-honored 久享盛名的
75. traditional 传统的
76. typical 典型的
77. unhealthy 不健康的
78. unified 同一标准的
79. unique 独特的
80. unsociable 不善于社交的
81. untimely 不和适宜的
82. unwholesome 不健康的
83. vexing 令人烦恼的
84. vivid 形象的
85. vulnerable 易受伤害的
86. well-grounded 有充足理由的
87. wholesome 健康的

副词：使用副词是使句子变得生动的最简单的方式，一定要重点掌握！
高分副词：
,
Drama n.戏剧
initially首先 initial

dramatically引人注目地，显著地
 Mainly=primarily=chiefly=mostly,主要地  properly=appropriately,适度地  increasingly 越来越 understandably 可以理解, overwhelmingly 占绝对优势地 ,  instantly 快速地,  clearly,  radically 基本上 ,  merely=just=only仅仅，只不过,  unnecessarily 没必要,  impulsively 冲动地,  
especially 特别地,尤其地 
entirely =completely=totally, 全部地
partly 部分地merrily 愉快地 happily,  mentally 心理上(psychologically) , academically学术上的, physically 生理上,  generally 总的来看,  keenly 急切地,  seemingly 表面上看,  strikingly 明显地, Utterly=completely,   somewhat=a little,  moderately 温和地,  intensely=considerably 大量地,  fiercely=severely 激烈地, superficially 表面上, virtually 实际上，vexingly 烦人地， greatly=highly 非常，大大地
specifically特别地，明确地
dramatically显著地
considerably相当地，非常地

4． 句法：
1）简单句：主流句型，主要结构会使用就可以了。
1． 主谓（宾），例如：
人们在这个问题上的观点不一样。
People have different views on this question.
People’s ideas vary/differ on this issue.
2． 主系表，例如：
Generation gap is a problem that we are confronted by.
Generation gap is now a problem we have to face.
The environmental problem is a serious problem in modern society.
The argument is convincing.
切记：不能出现没有谓语，或者双谓语的情况！！！

2）并列句：
And, but, or
both…and…,
not only…but also…,
neither…nor…,
either…or…
主语，谓语，宾语，状语
连接词放在动词或形容词的前面
主语+谓语not only in terms of A, but more importantly/seriously，in terms of B
Most children are spoiled, not only in terms of care and attention, but more seriously, material ways.
很多小孩被溺爱，不但在关心和照顾方面，而且，更严重的是，在物质方面。
句子 + by either doing A or doing B
通过鼓励学生穿精心设计的校服或者引导他们参加一些能体现出团队精神的活动，学生的行为可以得到逐步的改善
Students’ behaviors can be improved by either encouraging students to wear well-designed uniforms or guiding them to participate in activities which reveal the spirit of team work.
肥胖症可以减轻，方法是不但要养成良好的饮食习惯，而且要多做运动，比如慢跑，跳绳等等。
Obesity can be relieved by not only forming good dietary/eating habits, but more importantly taking more exercises, such as jogging and rope skipping.
3）复杂句：
宾语从句：
表述观点：
认为： insist, maintain, hold, suggest, argue,争论
支持：favor, propose, support, agree, advocate,
(be for, be in favor of)
反对：object, oppose v.opposite n
(be against)
支持观点：
Some people do believe that
Some people are fully convinced that
Some people assert that
Some people deem that
反对：
Some people argue that
Some people claim that
Some people doubt that
Some people deny that
从．．．．来看
What 引导的
What I learn
What I see
What I need

主语从句：
1. It is suggested in the graph that…（indicate, demonstrate, illustrate）
It is reported that/estimated that/proved
It is well-known/generally accepted/universally acknowledged
2. Whether S +V is a controversial issue.
Whether we should make effort to/endeavor to preserve endangered species is …
Whether we should do…depends on whether S +V
Whether we will succeed depends on whether we persist.
3. What we should do is to do….
We should protect animals.
What we should pay attention to/ emphasize/stress is to do
What teachers should emphasize is to tell students to practice more.
What we are faced with is that …
What we are confronted by is…
the depletion of natural resources
What we should solve immediately is that…
What concerns us most is…
What we are concerned with
主语从句：it is …
It is important/vital/crucial/pivotal/essential/significant(… 很重要)
It is clear/evident/obvious/manifest/as clear as crystal/quite common（。。。 很明显）
It is undoubted/undeniable/doubtless （。。。 毋庸置疑）
It is a pity/a shame/
It is a common sense/practice( 这是个常识)
It is well/increasingly/widely/commonly/generally known/recognized/accepted/acknowledged (众所周知)
It is conceivable that 可想而知
It is desirable/admirable that 可取的
It is advisable that 最好做某事
It is probable/possible/likely that 可能的
It is imperative that 必要的
it is preferable/profitable that
It is hazardous/risky/perilous that 危险的
It must be stressed out that 必须要指出
It must be admitted that 必须要承认

It is reported that 据报道
It is suggested that 有人建议
It is assumed that 有人认为
It is estimated that 据估计

It is always the case that 情况总是这样的
It is not always the case that 情况不一定总是这样的
It follows that由此可见，
表语从句： is
我的第一个理由是，学术课程经历了时间的考验而且代表了古老文化的精华。
My first reason is that academic courses withstand the test of time and represent the essence of ancient cultures.
在教育中使用电脑的一个优点是，他们能够最大程度上丰富传统的教学方法。
One advantage of the application of computers in education is that they can enrich the traditional teaching methods to a great extent.
同位语从句：
常用的：
Thefact/idea/belief/recognition/suggestion/proposal/attempt/effort that
Be based on the belief that 基于这样的想法
From the above discussion, we can safely draw the conclusion that…
There is no evidence that…
Despite the fact that….
neglect/ignore/overlook/ lose sight of / be blind to/fail to consider the fact that忽视了某个事实
政府不应该忽视这样的事实，囚禁罪犯最起码是对受害者的安慰。
The government should not be blind to the fact that imprisonment of criminals is the comfort to the victims at the very least.
大学生应该承担全部学费，基于这样的一种普遍认识，那就是，大学生通常比没有学位的人赚钱多很多。
University students should bear total expenses for their tuition on the generalization that university students usually earn much more than people without a degree.
定语从句：
定语从句： 名词（短定语）人，who,物， which, that…
Those who+谓语
支持这种观点的人给出如下理由。
Those who favor this view give the following reasons.
上网成瘾的人总是会孤立的，不善于社交的，甚至是抑郁的。
Those who are addicted to the Internet tend to be isolated, unsociable or even depressed.
主+谓, which （主）+谓
父母能集中发展他们的事业，这将给孩子们应该集中精神发展事业，这将会为他们的孩子带来更好的生活条件。
Parents can focus on their careers, which will bring better life conditions for their children.
政府应该鼓励大家乘坐公交车，这将在很大程度上人们多做公交车，并且鼓励停车换乘，这将减轻交通方面的压力。
The government should encourage people to take public transport , which will relieve the pressure on traffic to a great extent.
介词+引导词， some of which, two of which, few of whom
网络带来了很多的实际好处，其中两个值得大家注意。
The Internet brings many tangible benefits, two of which deserve most attention.
已经采取了很多步骤去见减轻交通方面的压力，很遗憾，这些之中有些无效。
Many steps have been taken to relieve the pressure on traffic, pitifully some of which are ineffective.
很多人每天被广告浸泡，很少有人想到它的影响。
Many people are immersed in(exposed to) advertisements every day, few of whom think of its impacts.
状语从句：
时间：when, after, before, until, once, whenever
原因：because,
…, for…
as, since,
for the simple reason that
Because of
Due to
Owing to (由于，因为)
Thanks to (多亏了)
on account of=as a result of=thanks to
结果：
…, so…
…Thus, …
…Therefore,…
…Consequently,…
…Hence, …
As a result
如此。。。以至于
So…that…
Such…that…
(有一个程度，有一个结果).
有些小孩总是沉迷上网，因此他们可能会忽视他们的学习。
Some children tend to bear so addicted to the Internet that they may tend to ignore their academic study.
条件：（如果，只要）
If 主谓，主谓
★原则：主将从现
只要，在…情况下：
as long as
on condition that…
provided that…
under the circumstances that…
政府应该探索太空，只要他的财政不紧张。
It is advisable that the gov explore the space
The government can explore the space provided that its budget is not tight.
学生可以打工，只要他们能够平衡学习和工作，并且合理安排好自己的时间。
Students can take part-time jobs provided that they can balance work and study and plan their time properly.
让步（虽然）
Though, although,
Even if （即使）
No matter + what, where, when, how….
不可以写but
Despite the fact that…
虽然这个观点看起来有道理虽然这个观点看起来很合理，但是它站不住脚。
Despite the fact that the view seems reasonable, it does not hold water.
Reasonable though the view seems, it ….
非谓语动词：
动名词：
1. 做主语
Surfing the Internet offers a new way for people to relax.
2. 做介词宾语
play an important role in doing
父母在塑造孩子的性格方面起了重要的作用。
Parents play an important role in shaping children’s characters.
be addicted to doing 做某事上瘾
be fascinated by… 做某事着迷
be obsessed with…做某事着迷
be accustomed to doing…习惯了做某事
be tired of doing 厌倦了
3. 做动词宾语
cannot stand doing 不能忍受做某事
cannot bear doing不能忍受做某事
Nobody can avoid being influenced by media.
不定式：
1. 常用表达
★It is adj. for somebody to do something. 对某人来说做某事是。。。的。
It is necessary for children to receive secondary education. 孩子们有必要接受中级教育。
The advanced medical technology has made it possible for people to live longer than ever possible before. 先进的医疗科技室人们比过去活的更长成为可能。
★What we should do is to do…我们应该做的事情就是去做某事。
父母应该做的事就是给孩子们适当的引导。
父母应该做的事情就是给孩子适当的引导并且不断的鼓励他们。
What parents should do is to give their children proper guidance and encourage them occasionally.
The best way to do sth is to do sth
(讨论类，解决方案)
最好的减轻交通方面的压力的方法就是鼓励人们乘坐公交车。
★The best way to relieve pressure on traffic is to encourage people to take public transport.
一个可能的解决方案就是制定合适的法律。
A possible solution is to enact proper laws.
2. 表示目的：
In order to do…so as to
3．固定短语：
To make matters worse,
To some extent,
分词：
分词的用法：做时间/原因/条件/让步,在主句前面
做结果状语，在主句后面
Seeing her, I smiled.
Living on campus, you can benefit a lot.
5． 加分结构：
强调句型：
It is +强调内容who/that+剩余内容
只有教实践技能才能增加学生在将来工作市场的竞争力。
It is the instruction of practical skills that can increase the students’ competition in the future job market.
是老年人的孩子们应该照顾他们。
It is the children of the elderly who should take care of them.
Do
Some people do believe that…
It is the interaction of the two that shapes a person’s personality and dictates how that personality develops. 
It is the result of mere expression of our thoughts that we are able to communicate.
We all do know what is right or wrong.
It is through respect that each one of us can be recognized as a unique person in the world.
倒装句：
Only 做状语
So…that…倒装
Not only…but also…倒装
Only in this way can traditional culture be preserved.
so人类是如此的自私，以至于自然资源已经处于耗竭的边缘。
So selfish are human beings that natural resources are at the edge of drying up.
2. never/rarely/hardly
人们从来没有，特别是。。人，从来没有意识到做某事的重要性，直到。。。
never/hardly have people ,+ especially __ , been aware of the importance/seriousness of doing sth until …
Never有些父母从来没有意识到和孩子交流的重要性直到他们的孩子有了不适当的行为。
Hardly have some parents, especially single parents, have been aware of the importance of communicating with their children until their children have mistaken behaviors. improper conducts.
3. On no account/under no circumstance/in no case 绝不
On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge. 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值。
我们绝对不应该拆除那些有美学价值和代表国家传统的建筑物。
On no account/under no conditions can we demolish buildings that have aesthetic value and represents national traditions.
虚拟语气：
If 主语+过去式， 主语+would do
If 主语+had done, 主语+would have done
凡是和建议命令请求相关的词汇+从句时用should do 结构

分词结构：
These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification.
While two fifths of the students provided the information that the rainforests provide oxygen, in some cases this response also embraced the misconception that rainforest destruction would reduce atmospheric oxygen, making the atmosphere incompatible with human life on Earth.
An increasing exodus from their clinics, coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Australia, all pointing to orthodox doctors' inadequacies, have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists.
Every eruption is different, but put at its simplest, where there are weaknesses, rocks deep in the mantle, heated to 1,350℃, will start to expand and rise.
改变顺序 (状语前置及插入语)
把__句首的状语___插在后面句子主语的后面
However, most people prefer to live in rural areas.
Most people, however, prefer to live in rural areas.
If kept in the zoos, they will enjoy better living conditions.
Rare animals, if kept in the zoos, will enjoy better living conditions.
Universities, when it is functioning well, should offer both theoretical knowledge as well as professional training.