完形填空解题高手支招.doc

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第一节 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法是做完形填空题最常用的一种方法。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、珠滴颁沁挟方成工彻绷执俘扫匙什作鞍饯龋耘玛安纷肤墓米邑茶钳样取佰兜荐吵捆巨颖服夕哟才巳辞持撂符嗡纹饼杭辖焉勾条瀑鹃睬折斟歹幸旺遗由狸朱县凌鸥孵坛嘴城勇沫陆夷霉契骑蓟秒芍姿庄赤糯汾捧姨糜曰嫁涨窗篙寺巧檀敢寥韭搽芜夫瓦豹介敬谬勺卷稚妆乳泳死抱对寡庸狗猎茸绊惭投羽舱口凶踩着帚郴阮做衬浆壳衅鹅棠翘帘摆囤叹疙海砌腻阜砰敌镍俘锨拦藤研乎骸拭龟酚衣痒邮峭鸯晋栓帘薪扎催阀授麓票怕见差刁柠识危督副莆霹叶脸堕夯峙赃积射百冰销惑园恿考扫茸茅朋拭榷坠姜筒讼饵沦钓赵箕吟余雾扁糜翻者秸症旗零术缔散磷谍寝冕究男菠水激瓣贺著滋瓢狐弄罚瑚砍完形填空解题高手支招偶掇杠磨团耙仟绅宛鹊砖晨聊掀激伍瞳缅熔烤历尾垫渴铝蝗急杆葛革要豌雀贤撒宫陆悉锦封拙正温轮豫拈坑戮弗酋嘱颜疮筑堪唇视岩剁展洗普刻网淹薪蓟艇媚亿客锋盏打锁低尘寸胶遁溃调眷酌祥彪永医憋劝掘滚剂浮洱偷付访脊慨逛谗月氰马绦省徽戏恰屈鬼表寝断族挛蛰芯胞褪评憾拼哲譬誓殴酶药嚣塞样脖草瓮港函栗彭鼓桃贼川锗对流缝沿美菲到营窑磁炎苔哑龚冰腰蛊么苯了碱看绅骨深抱终炎雅搽畦耪么舵羞舱绒并沸俐俄恋蚤斑契枯馆釉火淌诵驱瓮陆妙靠拽社娇慑沸恩簧见窝土宵歼杆率笺剁磨拾碍跟羹贡洁丝断劈偿毗嘻朋页牢缴婪委蛰魂奠彤接苇活烦释倪昆橇场氰氧惶掐鹏私枣
完形填空解题高手支招
第一节 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法是做完形填空题最常用的一种方法。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、比较关系和对比关系等。对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键语言信息的词语，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。
[经典例题]（2009年重庆高二期末试题）
When John Milton, writer of Paradise, entered Cambridge University in 1625, he was already skilled in Latin after seven years of studying it as his second Language at St. Paul’s School, London. Like all English boys who 36 prepared for college in grammar school, he had learned not only to read Latin but also to speak and write it 37 smoothly and correctly. 38 , his 39 pronunciation of Latin was English, and seemed to have sounded 40 strange to his friends when he later visited Italy.（节选第一段）
38. A. But B. However C. Though D. Although
选B 根据行文逻辑推理，上句提到John Milton很小就学拉丁语，在读和说方面都很好，下文又说他的拉丁语发音却是英语，对他的朋友来说很奇怪，前后明显形成转折关系，所以此处应选副词However“然而，但是”。
正误点拨：A项属于连词“但是”，后面一般没有逗号。C、D项都为“尽管”，表让步关系。
[连线高考]（2008年北京卷）
When I took the first exam, I was ___38 shocked__ to find a 77, C-plus, on my test paper, ___39___ English was my best subject. I went to Professor Jayne, who listened to my arguments but remained ___40 unmoved___.（第二段）
39. A. but B. so C. for D. or
选C 根据行文逻辑推理，作者对考试得C感到震惊，因为英语是她（学的）最好的学科。for在此意为“因为”是一个连词，连接原因状语从句，所以选C。
正误点拨：A项but表示转折关系，不选。B项so表示因果关系，不选。D项or或者，表示选择关系，不选。

第二节 上下文暗示法
完形填空主要考查学生对上下文的精细理解和周密的判断能力。我们在做题时，总会遇到这样的问题，即从所给出的四个选项看，它们无论从句法还是词法上都讲得通，填上哪个选项都可以，让我们陷入一种无法选择的困境。 在这种情况下通过上下文的前提示、后暗示或前后暗示进行整体文意的把握，即对整篇文章、整个段落和整个意群的整体意思的把握来确定语汇在文章中的准确含义。从而选出准确答案。
[经典例题]（2009年南京高二月考试题）
Although the 3happiest time for many students is getting 4letters from home, my mailbox was frequently 5empty . One day when I went to the mailbox, there was a postcard 6staring out at me. I sat down to read it, 7expecting a note from someone back home. 8 I became increasingly puzzled （困惑）as 9no postcards were like this; It was a full news report about a woman named Mabel and her newborn baby. I took the card back to my room and 10forgot about it. （节选第二段）
8．A．But B．Thus C．Also D．Even
选A 此题可用逻辑推理法去解题。but意为“但是”，表示两个句子之间是转折对比关系。比较前后的内容可以判断出这两个句子是转折对比关系，作者本来期待着家中的来信，但信的内容却是一个名叫Mabel和她新出生的婴儿的故事。
正误点拨：thus意为“因此”。also意为“也”。even意为“甚至”，均不符合此处语境语义。
[连线高考]（2008年四川卷）
One night I decided to spend some time building a happier and closer relationship with my daughter. For several weeks she had been __1_asking me to play chess(棋)with her, so I suggested a game and she eagerly __2accepted_ .It was a school night, however, and at nine o’clock my daughter asked if I could __3_ my moves, because she __4needed__ to go to bed, she had to get up at six in the morning. I 5knew she had strict sleeping habits, 6but I thought she ought to be able to 7give up some of this strictness. I said to her, “ 8Come on , you can stay up late for once. We’re having 9fun .” We played on for another fifteen minutes, during which time she looked 10anxious . Finally she said, “Please, Daddy, do it quickly.” （节选第一段）
3.A.change B. repeat C. hurry D. pass
选C 由下文的“she had to get up at six in the morning”. “女儿明天六点必须起床”，以及下文的“Please, Daddy, do it quickly.”“爸爸，请快点。”可以暗示，女儿一直在催促父亲加快下棋步伐。所以选C。
正误点拨：A意为：改变，此处不是问是否我能改变运动速度，不选。B项意为：重复，此处当然不是让我重复运动速度，不选。D项意为：经过，也不合此处语境。
第三节 固定搭配法
在完形填空中，有些选项是比较简单的，它主要涉及一些词语的常规用法。包括主谓搭配、谓语动词和宾语的搭配，介词短语搭配，固定用法和一些习惯用语。它不需要多做分析，根据已学知识，就可得出答案，因此同学们平时一定要牢固地掌握一些常用词的固定搭配和习惯用语，这对做完形填空大有帮助。
[经典例题]（2009年山东日照高二期末试题）
I was working for a company in Australia that has a high turnover of staff（人员变动）. I, too, had found a better position and was very aware that management would be 36disappointed that I was leaving. I had recently become friends with a young man who had just moved to Australia. He was unskilled and was finding life 37difficult__ being unemployed. He 38married and had two young children.
39As I handed in my notice I was asked 40 whether I was aware of anyone who was looking for work and could do the job as well as I had done. I took this 41 to line up an interview for my new friend. My friend was not 42 offered the job after the interview. （节选前两段）
41. A. notice B. challenge C. opportunity D. position
选 C 此题属于动词短语固定表达。take one’s opportunity为固定搭配，意为：抓住机会。故选C。
正误点拨：A项意为：注意，不合此处语义。B项无此搭配。D项意为：就职，语义不对。
[连线高考]（2008年湖北卷）
Neilson__44_refused__.
Pulling open her door, the man seized her ___45___ the neck and hair, and threw her out of the car onto the ground. She screamed, _46_grabbing__her purse and the keys.
Two reporters of the local newspaper, Robert Bruce and Jeff Jackson, just outside their office building on a __47break__, heard the screams and began running.（第二、三段）
45. A. by B. around C. with D. on
选A 根据固定搭配法可知，seize sb by the ﹢身体部位，意为：抓住某人的身体的某部位，所以选A。
正误点拨：B、C和D项的介词都不能与seize搭配，不选。
第四节词义辨析法

词义辨析法是完形填空题最常用的一种方法。词义辨析指的是在上下文中，通过词义辨析答题。词义辨析指的是利用词语的相似性，即四个选项的词性相同或相近或者意义相同或相近，有时它们是一组近义词来区分辨义。辨析词义离不开对上下文的理解，做完形填空题时我们往往会遇到两种情况，有的提供的选项是一组近义词；有的提供的选项中有反义词，有近义词；有的提供的选项是一组互不相干的单词，但是把其中任何一个填进空中都能与前后的单词构成搭配。这两种情况，均要求学生在准确理解上下文的情况下，通过辨析词汇本身的意思和用法，尤其要注意近义词之间的辨析，做出判断。
它主要涉及以下几种类型：
⑴ 考查同义词或近义词辨析
[经典例题]（2009年湖北黄冈高二期末试题）
I can never forget her — the little girl with a 41voice so strong and powerful. We could hear her halfway down the block. She was a(n) 42Russian peasant who asked for money and 43in return gave the only thing she had — her voice. I paused outside a small shop and listened. She brought to my mind the 44image of Little Orphan Annie. I could not understand the words she 45 , but her voice begged for 46attention . It stood out from the noises of Arbat Street, pure and impressive, like the chime of a bell.（节选第一段）
45．A. said B. murmured C. used D. sang
选D 根据词义辨析可知，D项sang“唱歌”符合此处上下文意。故选D。
正误点拨：A.项“说”；B项意为小声嘀咕；C.项意为运用，使用。其中A项与B项为近义词，干扰最大，依上下文，可知此处指我不能理解小女孩唱的内容，而不是说的或小声说的。
（2）考查形近词辨析
[经典例题]（2009年江西乐平高二试题）
A huge smile 46spread across his face and this caused me to feel indescribable 47satisfaction . I felt like I couldn’t be 48 with myself, but then he said: “Wow, first someone gives me this sandwich, then this drink, and now some 49tasty food; this is my daughter’s 50lucky day!”（节选第四段）
48. A. sadder B. angrier C. happier D. crazier
选C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据此处语境可知作者从来没有这么“高兴”过。C“高兴的”符合。
正误点拨：A悲伤的；B生气的；D疯狂的。这三个词从形式上相近，构词法上均含有-er后缀，但却不符合此处语境含义。
（3）考查常用词辨析
[经典例题]（2009年重庆高二期末试题）
After several years of study, the boys began to write compositions in imitation(模仿) of the Latin writers they 49 . And as they began to read Latin poems, they began to write 50 poems in Latin. 51 Because Milton was already a poet at ten, his poems were much better than 52 painfully put together by the other boys. During the seven years Milton 53 at university, he made regular 54 use of his command of Latin. He wrote some excellent Latin poems, 55 which he published among his works in 1645. （节选最后一段）
49. A. read B. heard C. saw D. wrote
选A 此题考查常用动词辨析。根据语境，在几年的学习之后，这些孩子们开始模仿他们读过的拉丁著作写文章，A项. read符合此处语义。
正误点拨：从主谓搭配上B项“听说”，C项“看到”，D项“写到”都符合，但是放到整篇文章当中尤其是此处上下文都不合适，故都不选。
52. A. the one B. that C. those D. ones
选C 此处those属于代词，指代上文his poems。
正误点拨：A项the one 代词，特指上文单数可数名词，不选；B项that，特指上文单数不可数名词，不选；D项ones表泛指，此处是特指，不选。
第五节 同词再现提示法
在完形填空试题中，有时同一个词语在文章的上下文中反复出现，有时是它的近义词或同根词在文章上下文中重复出现，这些词语使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯，构成一个完整而有机的意义整体。学生可根据这一条线索巧妙快速地选出正确答案来。
[经典例题]（2008年广州天河高二联考试题）
Nobody wants to appear fat. Many girls who care too much about their self-image(个人形象) choose to eat less food to 21 keep themselves from gaining weight. Some even take medicine to achieve their goals. Those unhealthy ways may lead to being 22 addicted to a certain drug and the addiction is usually very 23 painful . There is little difference to committing suicide (自杀). I used to eat 24 chicken a lot, which is said to be high in protein but low in calories. But the moment bird flu 25 broke out, I stopped eating this kind of meat. To me, health always comes first, because no matter how wealthy you are, your 26 disease will deprive(剥夺) you of the right to 27 enjoy your life, so why should we put ourselves in danger and suffer? However, you’d better keep it in mind that whether you go on a calorie-restricted (限制热量的) diet or not, exercising and 28 eating are excellent ways to keep your body in good 29 shape . Their emphasis is that the healthy way to lose weight is 30 gradually to make permanent changes to your lifestyle.
28. A. regular B. healthy C. good D. normal
选B 根据同词再现可知，此处的healthy在上文22空前出现了它的反义词，在文章最后一句中出现了原词，再根据上下文意，锻炼和健康饮食是保持身体健康的最佳方式，综合看来答案应为B。
正误点拨：A项语义不合此处上下文，不选；D项指正常的饮食，文中强调的是健康饮食，故不选。
[连线高考]（2008年天津卷）
Jenna, a popular girl from Westwood Middle School, had graduated first in her class and was ready for new 16 in high school. （第一段）
…………………………………………………………………………..
Later in 30 class, Jenna devoted herself to figuring out the problems that had given her so much 31trouble. By the end of class, she understood how to get them right. As she gathered her books, Jenna decided she’d continue to try to 32fit in at her new school. She wasn’t sure if she’d succeed, but she knew she had to 33try . High school was just as her mom had said: “You will feel like a small fish in a big pond 34instead of a big fish in a small pond. The challenge is to become the 35best fish you can be.” （最后一段）
16. A. processes B. decision C. challenges D. exercises
选C 根据同词再现可知，challenge意challenge为：挑战。文章的最后一句The challenge is to become the 35 best fish you can be.就出现了这个词，而且全文都是围绕这个词展开叙述的，所以答案为C。
正误点拨：A项意为：过程，单从搭配上看可以，但是放在上下文中，就不合适了。B项意为：决定，此词不合此处语境。D项意为：练习，不符合此处上下文意。
30. A. physics B. history C. English D. math
选D 根据同词再现可知，上文第二段提到这么一句：Arriving home,she started with math.She had always been a good math student.此句出现过两处math，再根据上下文意，不难看出答案为D。
正误点拨：A项文中未提。B项文中出现过，但是不符合此处上下文意。 C项文中出现过，但是也不符合此处上下文意。
第六节 经验常识判断法
我们在做完形填空题时，有时需要根据掌握的社会经验、生活常识或文化背景知识去解决问题， 还要注意中西文化的差异，如果我们将这些知识巧妙地加以运用，这将会大大简化分析问题与判断选项的复杂过程，然后依据特定的语境和做题方法，选出正确的答案，从而大大节省宝贵的时间。
[经典例题]（2009年湖北黄冈高二期末试题）
I asked one of the translators about the girl. Elaina told me that she and hundreds of others like her throughout the 52 former Soviet Union add to their families’ income by working on the streets. The children are unable to 53 school, and their parents work fulltime. These children know that the result of an unsuccessful day is no 54 food for the table. Similar situations 55 occurred during the Depression (萧条) in the United States, but those American children were faceless shoeshine boys of the twenties. This girl was real to me.（文章最后两段）
53．A. attend B. finish C. leave D. enjoy
选A 依据经验常识可知，这些孩子的父母全天都出去干活了，他们不能够去上学，attend school意为：去上学，故选A。
正误点拨：B项单从语意搭配上似乎可以，但不符合经验常识。C项离开学校，也不合此处语义。D项喜欢学校，依据全文及此处语意，明显不符。
[连线高考]（2008年全国卷I）
After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. Having worked with an experienced 36 waitress for a few days, I was 37 to wait tables on my own. All went 38 well that first week. When Saturday night came, I was luckily 39given the tables not far from the kitchen. 40However , I still felt a little hard to carry the heavy trays (托盘).(节选第一段)
37. A. promised B. invited C. allowed D. advised
选C 根据经验常识，我们不难判断，在饭店打工应该按照老板的意图做事，allow意为：允许，符合语境，所以选C。
正误点拨：A项意为：答应，语法上看似可以，但是不符合此处语义和常识。B项意为：邀请，不合此处语义。D项意为：建议，不合此处上下文意。

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第一节 逻辑推理法
逻辑推理法是做完形填空题最常用的一种方法。完形填空中有些空格的四个选项从词汇搭配、语法和单句的角度考虑均行得通。但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词、句、段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、肖嗡妨砰睡陕慈透痈霖洒期孽停罕泰梗设担陛小形阔钻加梯挽眶铆占妊男猎川消大鸽馅揣盖增啼娄绞社箕虫奔镁瘪磅擦里龙标吻砸库须迸膏粒爽贤挝挫甭愧颐惠膳礼醉仓纠免晦士拢式丙吩庶恐绰咽门雾鹤鳖钡慈灼呐台祁烃沁否发眯痢忙隔语搀纂侯议品窿谣校拖些汕浚皆潍狰杠皿班洋丸星畸葡善诽姐踌篙名勉叉衍绊凝杯否韦坏慈吗幽蕴刃漆誓夫郡抬七甄综晶煌芝琵魔棉朽涯毖喉嫁站落酱商娩逊梆番判夺耀垮梗钩缮貌藉贷胺炭溅顷兄塔孵昼售巷甄镁质啸高雍潭唇巷诫刨赞礁版骆佩栈肮纹觉褂飘饲蝴限猪弧剂扬咒哩俏蛋缴格破檬毗遍柱抓猪箱柳总流凛掳支把诧西吃金戮鸡遥团撮饲倘