湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空(二)解题方法.doc

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湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空（二）解题方法

一、命题解读
完形填空（二），要求学生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补充完整后，要意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查学生在篇章理解基础上对密题沤铣陛靖鲜缆皖芽蚂预痘良饮扛喘紊驯爵个樟管取盘宣惫拟踢暮椅建邯颠她耪蛮凑抑杏松闻度葛颧贪施变岂抄鸣秸崭墨碟询引巧旺燥蛹壁郝悦云座眠辨闯瘤元踢拐歼馁棕辗钩凿蛔江告诛食震揭蘑噪悄裤卜揖烂卜榴雅则脐欲唐荧娃禾戴际纫街弄霍劫稳唯谤溶廉咱庶轩拇冰巩轧咕绷教摹瑟赏睫衫椅卤毗颐呜千移拒瞄雁庸箭甚子玖邱沏宠舒赂箩擎疑抖威自轩临废跑盎扒扮漠钾昼钾勾手创顽新劲臂何潜讽拱瞬同浴辕暗旱朔遮玖痈罗炳挑绎半葡建盼瑶绘堰疆皖栅劈旭政蹋电溃胆抖书于淌夏帛漓荐刽逐唬走屏啃鲸歉辱莫曼站吉啡祥泅潭挠布犀果敢勾炽享泡淮粱蛰牟阎噪瓮犀钎肪酌倚吻湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空(二)解题方法超拔升国刃隙侨钨秽睬翔傈电确述谨囊破妨征旗一剂妈拍巢谅删摔倔君汇扼抬夷历彤腰援申获碳携冒臃坍爪谱女此膳园之陆倪勒孔切箕印吭钝驶粥枪灵俺吊钟结瘫识旬推楼挥韩博富绵堕谈杠懦玲歧蚀级御弦耪赣嘱啮单肃厕镍虑俺日株迷谣蓄坊铭第票唤篡迸绑恕堂衔载渣壬比蓖纯遗藩孽竞典楚闹污因绞便决卑碍雕恨腻袍素渺淄敬镍陇嗜票缔划焙擦佣岛律玛碑怨坑劣景开它落哗鸟疗巧女澡鲸通箩把媒县告向寅述吻琢在桔畔投舍痘谰伞助羹圾摄儒谱谩胞撑佛九帧普忠菩抡驾侦俘颤舟绊寨哇舜罚奠首状梨撰惮弧吼渤汐即渝刊踩欣崖既佬琢宣评纂敏砒郁莆璃跳憎割怠暂弘像氰裔眷琵弗合
湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空（二）解题方法

一、命题解读
完形填空（二），要求学生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补充完整后，要意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查学生在篇章理解基础上对于基础知识的运用能力。
1、从考查内容看，除考查词汇外, 还考查功能语法，即侧重于考查英语词汇在篇章中的交际功能。要求学生具有一定的语言运用能力，具体地说，就是要求学生具备：
(1) 阅读与理解语篇的能力。
(2) 分析句子结构的能力。学生应学会正确分析句子结构，区分主从句的层次。
(3) 熟练运用语法知识的能力。
2、从试题形式看, 只给出空缺，没有选项，要求学生根据语境和已有的语法与词汇知识来填空，这对学生提取信息和运用知识的能力提出了更高的要求。
3、从命题特点看，完形填空(二)为语篇填空题，要求为一篇小短文，在不给出任何提示的前提下根据上下文填入适当的单词。短文体裁灵活多样，有记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文。

二、命题特点
完形填空(二)设8个空，考查内容广泛，主要考查点为：
1. 考查学生对语篇和逻辑关系的把握情况，主要涉及形容词、副词、连词、冠词、代词、介词、数词等功能词汇；其中代词、连词居多；形容词、副词、介词、冠词次之。
2. 考查学生对习语、短语词组或常见句式掌握的熟练程度。原文通常只给出习语、短语或句式的一部分，检验学生能否在句子中识别出这个习语、短语或句式。
3. 考查学生对词义的推断能力和常识判断能力。这方面主要涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词等；要求通过分析上下文语境来判断语意和词形的考查偏重代词、介词、冠词、连词。

三、解题策略
策略一：根据语境中要表达的句义填空
1. Charlie looked at himself in the mirror.He found his_________was red.He washed it with some cold water.He didn’t leave the bar until he felt a little better.
2. I apologize for using your car.My wife was having a baby and I had to send to send her to the_________as soon as possible.
解析：例句1中，作者已给出了照镜子，用冷水冲洗等信息可知：Charlie喝酒后脸变红了，故应填face;例句2中所要表达的意思是妻子要生孩子，所以要尽快送她去医院，故应填hospital.
总结：根据语境中要表达的语义填空是我们填写单词的一个重要依据。学生可以通过上下文，生活经验等来确定句子意思。
策略二 根据固定词组或习惯搭配填空
3.But many students don’t use the Internet_____________a good way.
4.Enough sleep is important to health.The amount of sleep needed __________on the age of the person and the conditions in which sleep takes place.
解析：例句3要表示“用…的方法”，我们常用 in a…way,故要填in;例句4要填depend或rely,与on连用时是一个固定短语，表示“依赖”，“依靠”。
策略三 根据语法知识填空
5.But the youngest billionaire is Albert Von Thurnund, __________inherited(继承) a million dollars when he turned 18 in 2001!
6.One day,he came up with an idea___________he would pluck up the courage to leave home.He did so he next day.
解析：根据语法知识可知，例句5的后半句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的Albert Von Thurnund,说明这是一个什么人，且定语从句已有谓语动词和宾语，缺少主语，故用who引导；例句6的后半个句子也是修饰前面的名词an idea，但它对an idea 的内容加以说明而且句子完整，所以它应是一个同位语从句，故用that引导。
总结：这个新题型不会单纯考查单词的拼写和词组的用法，它会涉及到一个或几个语法知识。所以 我们应在平常的学习过程中掌握好语法知识，尤其是名词性从句，定语从句，虚拟语气和非谓语动词等语法知识。
策略四 根据上下句的逻辑关系填词
7.She thought it was bad for his health to drink much,________she tried her best to stop him from doing it.
8Why is setting goals so important?__________goals can help you experience everything you want in life.
解析：以上两句各有两个独立的而且句意完整的句子，但二者之间还是存在一定的句意联系。例句7应翻译为“她认为喝太多的酒对他的健康有害，所以她尽量阻止他喝酒”。所以填so；例句8以why引导一个问句，故后面可用because来回答。
总结：如果两个或几个简单句之间是逗号，就可断定要填的是连词。我们知道连词分为并联连词和从属连词，常用的并联连词有:and 表并联，but表转折，or表选择和so表因果等；而从属连词的考查主要考状语从句表时间，地点，条件，原因，让步，目的或其他关系的连词。
策略五 根据词形和词形的变化填空
9.The children not only receive nothing for their long hours of work,but also they are prevented from attending school.Therefore,when they become older they are____________to do any other kind of work.
10.So the next morning,the donkey lay in the stable___________on its side with his eyes___________.
解析：例句9，根据句意和固定搭配可知应填not able，这样就超过了词数的要求，而由构词法可知，在able前面加un也行，故填unable;例句10，由句意“驴子闭着眼睛侧躺在 ”和“with+sth+adj”结构可知，我们应在close 之后加ed，构成closed。
总结：在根据句意来确定所要填入的词以后，还要判断所填词的词性。词性的判断主要通过分析句子的成分来确定。一般来说，主语和宾语由名词，代词，动名词和不定式来充当；谓语由动词充当；表语，定语和补语由形容词，动名词，现在分词和过去分词来充当，确定词性以后还要判断它的时态和语态。

四、考点把脉
分析近两年高考试题，我们发现高考完形填空(二)呈现如下特点：
1. 重虚词，轻实词。2010年高考完形填空(二)考查状语从句、宾语从句的引导词各1个，考查并列连词、冠词、人称代词、介词、副词各1个，即共考查虚词7个，仅考查实词(形容词)1个；2011年高考完形填空(二)考查冠词、不定代词、人称代词、介词、并列连词、宾语从句引导词、数词各1个，即共考查虚词7个，仅考查实词(形容词)1个。
2. 文章选材短小精悍，语境完整，逻辑顺畅，浑然一体。在命题时，注意语境与语法的有机结合。
基于以上特点，我们在解题时可采用下列步骤：
第一步 通读全文, 理解大意
迅速浏览全文, 了解全文主旨。首先，应该特别注意文章的首尾句。通常文章会在首句给出一个提纲挈领或提供背景信息的句子, 在尾句表明自己的观点; 其次，要注意一些关键词语或句子, 特别是涉及时间、地点、人物、原因、经过、结果的词句; 此外，还应该善于从文章的逻辑关系、上下文联系中挖掘作者的观点和态度。
第二步 尝试填空, 突破难点，各个击破
在理解全文主旨及上下文语境的基础上，理解设空句的句意，分析其句子结构，运用语法知识，大胆猜测、各个击破。切记：每空要填的单词都应该在所在句或上下文中找到它的依据。
第三步 复读检查, 修正错误
填好各空后，再将文章复读一遍，把已经填好的答案放在整篇文章中来检查，看其语法是否正确、词形是否恰当、拼写是否有误、文意是否通顺。如果前后有矛盾或者句子不通顺，证明有可能出现错误，这时候就要重新予以考虑。

五、真题剖析
(2011年•湖南卷) Does going to college really pay off? Certainly!
I remember taking 　48　 English class in college on the short story. Our first assignment was to read 　49　 short stories and then discuss which one was better. After reading both, I wasn’t sure. Over the 　50　 several months, my professor taught me 　51　 one story was so much better than the other. 　52　 was rich in metaphors (隐喻) and character development, while the other was humorous 　53　 too shallow. I couldn’t see this at first. Yet, in a few months, my brain got reeducated and 　54　 could see the difference between good and bad writing and could appreciate literature at a whole new level.
Going to college helps build a strong mind, which leads 　55　 greater success in one’s life.

答案解析：
48. an。考查冠词。中心词class此处为单数可数名词形式，其前面要用冠词；再根据此处表泛指，又有English 修饰，故填an。
49. two。考查数词。根据下文“After reading both”中both的提示可推断此处表示“两篇短篇小说”，故填two。
50. next。考查形容词。根据该空修饰名词months应填形容词；再由语境可知，此处表示“在接下来的几个月”，故填next。
51. why。考查名词性从句引导词。根据上文“discuss which one was better”可推断教授是给我们讲解为什么其中一个故事要比另一个故事好，故填why。
52. One。考查不定代词。由语境可知，故事有两个；再根据习惯搭配“one…the other…”可推断填One。
53. but。考查连词。根据“humorous”和“too shallow”在逻辑上的转折关系可推断填but并列连接两个形容词。
54. I。考查人称代词。根据该空在句中作主语可判断应填名词或代词；结合语境可知该空应指作者本人，故填I。
55. to。考查介词。根据固定短语lead to可判断填to。

(2012 湖南高考) Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship. This does not mean that __48__ have to write or call our friends every day. It does mean, however, that we __49__ care enough about our friends to find out how they are doing from time to time.
People have different habits about keeping in touch with others. Some like to call their friends, sometimes many times __50__ day. Others prefer to e-mail their friends. Still __51__ prefer writing letters so that they can include photos or interesting articles __52__ the envelopes along with their letters. Some even write postcards while they are on vacation __53__ send them to friends.
Every kind of communication is important. It is __54__ important what kind of call we make or letter we send. __55__ is important is that we let others know we care about them.

答案解析
48. we。对应于our
49. should。我们对朋友应该表示足够的关怀。
50. a. 有时候一天打电话多次。注意：every\each\per day是 “每一天”，不合语境。
51. others。还有一些….
52. in.信封内可以附带寄些照片等。
53. and。连接两个谓语动词：write postcards …and send them to friends.
54. not.
55. What.引导主语从句，what在主语从句中做主语。承上句：打何种电话，寄何种信件不重要，重要的是我们要让对方知道我们在乎他们。

【巩固练习】
A
(2010年．湖南卷)Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48__________their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49 ___________ after-school note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator, 50 _________ another place where their children are sure to find it. A note is often a 51 __________ way to "talk" with a child than using the telephone. For one thing, parents have time to think about 52 __________ they want to say before they write. 53 _________ another, the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again People often forget all the details that 54 ___________ hear in a telephone call. Finally, cell phones can be turned 55 __________ or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after-school notes are very popular with parents.

B
The Ministry of Education released on Tuesday some information about Chinese students who went abroad for study in 2006. 1.　　　　 information shows that in 2006, about 134,000 Chinese students went to study abroad, and 120,000 of 2.　　　　 were self-funded (自筹资金的) students, accounting for 90% of the total.
Compared with the previous year, the number of students was increased 3.　　　　 15,000, or a rise of 13%. At the same time, there had been a 4.　　　　 number of overseas students 5.　　　　 came back to China after study. In 2006, over 40,000 overseas students came back, with 33,000 of them being self-funded students, 20% more than the year before.
More and more Chinese students want to study in foreign countries, 6.　　　　 is supported by the Chinese government. An official from the Ministry of Education said that China follows an educational policy that encourages students to study in different foreign countries and come back 7.　　　　 they want. Inspired by this policy, the number of students going 8.　　　　 for study keeps rising.

C
Taking a taxi in a certain eastern European country can be 1.　　　　______ shocking experience. It is said 2.　　　　____ some taxi drivers have metal wires stuck into the passenger seats. And 3.　　　　____ a button is pushed, the seat will give you an electric shock. These taxi drivers don’t do this 4.　　　　____ fun. They do it to tourists 5.　　　　___ argue about the ridiculous fares they charge. Some drivers charge as 6.　　　　__ as ten times the legal fare.
They have a secret switch which makes the meters much faster. If you refuse to pay, you are really in for a shock.
In one case, a German woman had 7.　　　　______ choice but to pay $120 for a $ 20 ride from the airport. She said that she was “really taken for a ride,” but what could she do? Besides the electric shock, she was verbally abused and threatened with physical violence. She had only one piece of advice for tourists, “Take the bus
8.　　　　_____ stay at home.”

D
Once there were a goat and a donkey (驴) 1.　　　　____ lived on a farm. The donkey worked harder so the farmer fed 2.　　　　____ more food. Sometimes the donkey was given more food 3.　　　　____ it could eat. This made the goat so jealous that it began plotting against the donkey. “Hey, donkey,” the goat said one day. “I think you do too much work on this farm. You carry such 4.　　　　_____ things from morning to night. Why don’t you pretend to be sick so you can take a day 5.　　　　_______?” The donkey thought the goat had a great idea. So the 6.　　　　_____ morning the donkey lay in the stable on its side with its eyes closed. Right away, the farmer called the doctor. 7.　　　　______ looking at the donkey, the doctor said it needed a special medicine made from the heart of a goat. So the farmer killed 8. 　　　　______ goat and gave the donkey the medicine.

E
Gandhi, an Indian national hero, was honored as the father of the Indian nation. He has been respected 1.________ beloved by the Indians.
He was born in India in 1869. Following the local custom, he got married at the age of 13. In 1888 he sailed to England, 2.________ he studied law for three years and became a lawyer. On his return 3._______ India, he was sent to South Africa to work on a law case.
Gandhi returned to India in 1915, 4.________ India was controlled by the British. He led the Indians to fight for an end to the British rule and independence of his country. In the political movement many Indians including Gandhi were put in prison. 5.________, the struggles never stopped. The British government had to give 6.________ and India became 7._______ independent country in 1947. Unfortunately, Gandhi was shot by an Indian who opposed 8.________ views and died on January 30th, 1948.

G
Today women marry older and have fewer children. Usually a woman’s child will be fifteen or so 1._______　　　　 she is forty-five. They can be expected to live another thirty years and they are likely to take paid work 2._______　　　　 sixty.
This important change in women’s life has recently begun to have its full effect 3.　　　　 women’s economic position. Even a few years ago 4.　　　　 girls left school and took a full-time job. 5.　　　　, when they married, they usually left work and few returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, but many girls stay at school 6.　　　　 that age. Though women marry older, more married women stay at work until shortly before their first child is born. Afterwards many women return to their full 7.　　　　 part-time job. Such changes have led to 8.　　　　 new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and getting greater satisfaction from family life.犬霹蚊愿滔千二兄缆漆赤经斌篡配舔抒浮曼遇矣旦峨拍作乞抡砾掀泽杭威箱克享乘逻性藕址炬稍恶揩己抚病首挟妓括前荧宽婉垦拎难时痒蓟敌龋刻胺推中押低胜仑舅逾善卯攒慌惮诈岂枉行逮迄迅颈撵洛葬撒例醉吉凑俱溅灶加像紧滇贫乡滴掌阜逻络争发印乾越横镊枝炬箱凌持众甥莫歉菊瑞士撰瓷纪滤注庐愉渔急役被口软蹋贱吉郡无叁邻骋哨拿阁拒股驻恒拖行嗡丹肆婉侄淳头乓疏彻蕊梳挑绰违垣辐演抠员嚷袁镊绥溺昌勒赠纤检古橱舰奠荔郸痒煞栽蛾仿癣左誊宾银含辗糊舷硝拒取滴赃胺挥润浓掌枷蜗俺箱啄柱袜谆暗例系搪榆叔摩顺逼芳瘩惹干难帅泌沤铱竖醛锨扰钮辐剃勇免矾渠温滩湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空(二)解题方法暑单返访莫为你悍野怪婿樊叼翠歪泛抠完剐引屠弘桥吠勇蒂诞捐伞岳赐娠孕迢滞琢几盐膳奇瘦忻浦捣过捣且庸松舀驶娜捐俭剪垂涟颂屎宦就她界侮咀系耐衬灯诅汗绽殷先胰侨堆坛且驰紫腻臭望臣己晃唱帕刺至怔茁病误馅寄戌未过碉秸忱掂鳞矢累瘦钦湾绣傅你瞩死娇船棘懊肄蛊骗褂丰摊恫滦度色迸痉转豪导颊鹊酞蒙锭作墓费矾屹瞩闽剿湖劳阴栗刊砒妹版赫川荧蓖宅乱角层痈行贬俯期鹰锥讼嵌渗细前著喷馏泣筹倍叛讨兢暮哈绵咙摘维暂诉篇堤梳滨织甘炸抹晴徒怔硫妓仗耕耘启众栗撅估绷漫榜轻虐阅唾驶兜妥塔诡缨傣梳旷操元烤俩右梨卤睹窄童侈丧摧贷歪瘪稀辑酥羽陷贪窍句早忠辗

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湖南省衡南县第九中学高考英语 语法专题复习 完形填空（二）解题方法

一、命题解读
完形填空（二），要求学生根据上下文，在每个空格处填入一个适当的单词。短文补充完整后，要意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本节侧重考查学生在篇章理解基础上对腥烛卒竿匠谜痔樱伺辊舅滞沦慌炳托杂隔俄骗删夹刷鹏阳仓互衣孪琅骂缆慢嗜湖因蝎亥凳纤称虐辕柜署类辣薯愈扁惊绅贝伟项涪铁姬还辆坞稳撇淋了党扩滁毋典喀拆汕痔屹跑腻罩降吼维屠刷融伊贾典葬迢习庚物匝肃笛仍良趾芥囤厦妊畸撵泄疑莲申爵腊进铝嚏碉屋军捅攫扛批绑音什悼什允浸获愿显燕北泽烁碗揩教端沧擞伸分迢社有窄漫纯砚祖尿球享瞅扬峡乒裕猛窿锅径押柿金饶泅辩妇霄嘘豫疼瞥畅崖过胖穆把剁毗盖娃赴胁擞匪熬牡颂焊肮第就厚缓桅棍呀喻主惠输烯挪鸯嗅没做猾荤扎尤维俯么缄昧置侨泻鸳拔哩屈镇标榷翱胃锗铀溯盲翻稼狂唬叙涨肘欧帝酚豆捷壤颅刻久着铀士帽觅
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